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Die Absicherung von Arbeitslosigkeit im internationalen Vergleich

Über die Zukunft der sozialen Sicherungssysteme wird seit einigen Jahren vermehrt diskutiert - nicht nur in Deutschland. In Zeiten der Globalisierung und angesichts der Zunahme der atypischen Beschäftigungsformen stehen die Systeme der sozialen Absicherung vor neuen Herausforderungen. Die Arbeitslosenversicherung ist hier keine Ausnahme.

Begleitend zum Workshop "Ist die Arbeitslosenversicherung noch zeitgemäß? Tendenzen der Absicherung bei Arbeitslosigkeit in Europa" am 29./30.11.2010 im IAB bietet diese InfoPlattform wissenschaftliche Befunde zu den Veränderungsprozessen in den Sicherungssystemen verschiedener europäischer Länder.

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The Great Resignation and Optimal Unemployment Insurance (2023)

    Cai, Zhifeng; Heathcote, Jonathan;

    Zitatform

    Cai, Zhifeng & Jonathan Heathcote (2023): The Great Resignation and Optimal Unemployment Insurance. (Staff report / Research Divison, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis 652), Minneapolis, MN, 67 S. DOI:10.21034/sr.652

    Abstract

    "How generous should social insurance be when quits account for a large share of transitions into non-employment? We address this question using a multi-sector directed search model extended to incorporate endogenous quits both to other jobs and to non-employment. Workers quit too often in the competitive equilibrium, and private markets co-ordinate on excessively high “efficiency” wages. Quantitatively, we find that unemployment insurance is optimally much less generous in an economy with quits than in one without. An extended Baily-Chetty formula is derived to illustrate the source of this difference." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Pennies from Haven: Wages and Profit Shifting (2022)

    Alstadsæter, Annette; Davies, Ronald B.; Scheuerer, Johannes; Bjørkheim, Julie Brun;

    Zitatform

    Alstadsæter, Annette, Julie Brun Bjørkheim, Ronald B. Davies & Johannes Scheuerer (2022): Pennies from Haven: Wages and Profit Shifting. (CESifo working paper 9590), München, 42 S.

    Abstract

    "Increasing attention has been given to the fact that some multinational enterprises shift income to tax haven countries, an activity that generates inequality in corporate taxation. Here, we examine how profit shifting relates to wage inequality. Using rich matched employer-employee data from Norway, we find that profit-shifting firms pay higher wages, particularly among service firms where the wage premium is approximately 2%. Furthermore, this average effect masks significant within-firm heterogeneity with high-skill occupations – and managers in particular – earning higher shifting wage premiums. CEOs particularly gain, with their wages rising nearly 10%. These results thus suggest that profit shifting by multinationals meaningfully contributes to wage inequality, both between and within firms. Finally, our back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest these higher wages would generate additional income tax revenues which would offset around 3% of the fall in Norway’s corporate tax revenues due to profit shifting." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Accounting for what and to whom? Accountability tensions in collaborations addressing long-term unemployment (2022)

    Hansen, Magnus Paulsen ; Verhoest, Koen; Downe, James; Hopkins, Cate; Doninck, Dries Van; Triantafillou, Peter; Boon, Jan; Sarapuu, Külli; Bellò, Benedetta; Stevens, Vidar; Klijn, Erik Hans;

    Zitatform

    Hansen, Magnus Paulsen, Peter Triantafillou, Benedetta Bellò, Jan Boon, Dries Van Doninck, James Downe, Cate Hopkins, Erik Hans Klijn, Külli Sarapuu, Vidar Stevens & Koen Verhoest (2022): Accounting for what and to whom? Accountability tensions in collaborations addressing long-term unemployment. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 56, H. 7, S. 1156-1171. DOI:10.1111/spol.12846

    Abstract

    "Across Europe, public employment services are experimenting with more holistic and cross-sector collaborations to tackle the wicked problem of long-term unemployment. These collaborations operate in a context characterised by tensions produced by multiple demands for accountability. Based on case studies of the accountability relations and challenges in five such collaborations in the Netherlands, Belgium (Flanders), Estonia, Scotland and Denmark, we found that: rigorous use of quantifiable measurement regimes made it difficult to attribute salience to important aspects of the progress made by the unemployed citizen; standardised accounts come with the risk of reductionist understandings of the citizen's social circumstances and resources; superficial participation by local politicians resulted in rather weak political accountability and a marked ambiguity of the role of the client as both accountee and accountholder." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    UI Generosity and Job Acceptance: Effects of the 2020 CARES Act (2021)

    Petrosky-Nadeau, Nicolas; Valletta, Robert G.;

    Zitatform

    Petrosky-Nadeau, Nicolas & Robert G. Valletta (2021): UI Generosity and Job Acceptance: Effects of the 2020 CARES Act. (IZA discussion paper 14454), Bonn, 34 S.

    Abstract

    "To provide economic relief following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. CARES Act granted an extra $600 per week in unemployment insurance (UI) benefit payments from late March through July 2020. This unprecedented increase in UI generosity caused weekly benefit payments to exceed prior earnings for most recipients, raising concern that many would be unwilling to accept job offers, slowing the labor market recovery. To assess the impact of the UI supplement, we analyze the job acceptance decision in a dynamic framework in which job seekers weigh the value of a job against remaining unemployed, accounting for the perceived state of the labor market and expected weeks of UI benefits. We derive a reservation level of benefit payments at which an individual is indifferent between accepting and refusing a job offer at their prior wage. Calculating the reservation benefit and comparing it to imputed benefit payments for a wide range of U.S. workers suggests that only a small fraction would turn down an offer to return to work at their previous wage under the CARES Act expanded UI payments. We supplement this quantitative assessment of reservation benefits with direct empirical analysis of labor force transitions using matched Current Population Survey (CPS) data, linked to annual earning records from the CPS income supplement to form UI replacement rates. The results show moderate disincentive effects of the $600 supplemental payments on job finding rates and by extension small effects of the $300 weekly supplement available during 2021." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Vergleichende Analyse nationaler Arbeitslosenversicherungen: Kurzexpertise (2020)

    Eichhorst, Werner; Kettenring, Jannis; Brunner, Johannes; Marx, Paul;

    Zitatform

    Eichhorst, Werner & Paul Marx (2020): Vergleichende Analyse nationaler Arbeitslosenversicherungen. Kurzexpertise. (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. Forschungsbericht 552), Berlin, 41 S.

    Abstract

    "Die Kurzexpertise beleuchtet die Frage einer langfristigen institutionellen Konvergenz nationaler Arbeitslosenversicherungen in Europa am Beispiel der Systeme Deutschlands und Frankreichs. Der Vergleich zeigt viele Gemeinsamkeiten der Arbeitslosenversicherung in beiden Ländern. In einem europaweiten Vergleich müssen beide Systeme als relativ ähnlich eingestuft werden. In den Bereichen Finanzierung, Leistungsorganisation und Governance-Strukturen gibt es große traditionelle Ähnlichkeiten. Auch der Leistungsumfang ist in beiden Ländern insgesamt vergleichbar. Seit den 2000er Jahren haben sich die beiden Systeme im Zuge der Hartz-Reformen in Deutschland zunächst in etwas unterschiedliche Richtungen entwickelt. Allerdings haben Reformen im französischen System in den vergangenen Jahren wieder Annäherungen an den deutschen Entwicklungspfad gebracht (zum Beispiel durch eine stärkere Aktivierung und Sanktionierung). In beiden Ländern waren problematische Arbeitsmarktlagen der zentrale Grund für die Reformbemühungen. Insgesamt lässt sich festhalten, dass Deutschland und Frankreich über Leistungssysteme verfügen, die – trotz wichtiger Unterschiede in Detailfragen- in ihrer Grundphilosophie, der Leistungsart und –höhe sowie der Finanzierung ein hohes Maß an Kompatibilität aufweisen. Die Studie verweist aber auch auf sozialpolitische Herausforderungen, die in beiden Ländern zu ähnlichem Reformbedarf führen. Dies beinhaltet den Umgang mit kurzfristigen Arbeitsverträgen, den Umgang mit zurzeit ausgenommenen Berufsgruppen, die Absicherung der wachsenden Zahl prekärer Selbständiger sowie eine stärker ausgebaute „vorausschauende“ Arbeitsmarktpolitik durch Humankapitalinvestitionen. In dieser Hinsicht kann beiden Ländern attestiert werden, durch die Erfahrung ihres jeweiligen Nachbarn zu lernen und zu profitieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)"

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Die Kosten der Arbeitslosigkeit sind 2018 erneut gesunken (2020)

    Hausner, Karl Heinz; Weber, Enzo ; Engelhard, Heidemarie;

    Zitatform

    Hausner, Karl Heinz, Enzo Weber & Heidemarie Engelhard (2020): Die Kosten der Arbeitslosigkeit sind 2018 erneut gesunken. In: IAB-Forum H. 13.02.2020, 2020-02-04.

    Abstract

    "Die Zahl der Arbeitslosen ist auch 2018 nochmals zurückgegangen. Dadurch sind auch die Kosten der Arbeitslosigkeit, also die Belastung der öffentlichen Haushalte durch Mehrausgaben und Mindereinnahmen infolge von Arbeitslosigkeit, gesunken. Sie beliefen sich insgesamt auf 50,3 Milliarden Euro - ein Minus von 5,5 Prozent gegenüber dem Vorjahr." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Weber, Enzo ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Public opinion towards workfare policies in Europe: polarisation of attitudes in times of austerity? (2019)

    Buss, Christopher;

    Zitatform

    Buss, Christopher (2019): Public opinion towards workfare policies in Europe. Polarisation of attitudes in times of austerity? In: International journal of social welfare, Jg. 28, H. 4, S. 431-441. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12368

    Abstract

    "Increasing wage inequality, strong labour market divides and welfare retrenchment are widely believed to result in more polarised public opinion towards the welfare state. The present study examined if attitudes towards workfare policies have become more polarised in Europe over recent decades. To achieve this aim, the study analysed public opinion data from the European Value Study (EVS) from 23 European countries in the years 1990 - 2008, using multi-level regression analysis. It is found that individuals who are most affected by workfare - the unemployed, the poor and the young - most strongly oppose workfare concepts. Against expectations, there was no evidence of an increasing polarisation of attitudes in Europe. Attitudinal cleavages based on employment status, income and education have remained stable. Differences between age groups have even dissolved because younger cohorts increasingly favour strict workfare policies. The results suggest that warnings of increasing social conflicts and an erosion of solidarity in European societies are exaggerated" (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Verteilungswirkungen der Leistungen bei Arbeitslosigkeit und der Bedarfsorientierten Mindestsicherung (2019)

    Lutz, Hedwig; Rocha-Akis, Silvia;

    Zitatform

    Lutz, Hedwig & Silvia Rocha-Akis (2019): Verteilungswirkungen der Leistungen bei Arbeitslosigkeit und der Bedarfsorientierten Mindestsicherung. In: Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung. Monatsberichte, Jg. 92, H. 5, S. 365-374.

    Abstract

    "Die Periode zwischen 2010 und 2015 war in Österreich durch geringes Wirtschaftswachstum, einen markanten Anstieg der Arbeitslosigkeit sowie einen Strukturwandel von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft gekennzeichnet. Während der Anteil der von Dauerarbeitslosigkeit betroffenen Haushalte zwischen 2010 und 2015 von 5,8% auf 7,6% stieg, verdoppelte sich in diesem Zeitraum der Anteil der Haushaltemit Bezug von Sozialhilfe bzw. Bedarfsorientierter Mindestsicherung von 1,8% auf 3,6%. Die Mindestsicherungstransfers konzentrieren sich auf die untersten Einkommensgruppen und machten 2015 durchschnittlich ein Viertel der Gesamteinkommen der betreffenden Haushalte aus. Auch etwa drei Viertel des Arbeitslosengeldes und der Notstandshilfe flossen in das untere Drittel der Einkommensverteilung und waren dort, ähnlich wie im Jahr 2010, mit etwa der Hälfte des Bruttogesamteinkommens eine wichtige Einkommensquelle." (Autorenreferat, © WIFO - Österreichisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The politics of minimum income protection in OECD countries (2019)

    Noël, Alain ;

    Zitatform

    Noël, Alain (2019): The politics of minimum income protection in OECD countries. In: Journal of social policy, Jg. 48, H. 2, S. 227-247. DOI:10.1017/S0047279418000351

    Abstract

    "Minimum income protection (MIP) determines the disposable income a person obtains when she has no market or social insurance income, few assets and no family support. This last-recourse income, usually social assistance benefits plus associated transfers, constitutes a significant indicator of a country's commitment to social justice. Yet, we know little about the politics of MIP, in part because welfare state scholars have focused on more encompassing social insurance programmes, and in part because of a lack of good comparative data. This article takes the measure of MIP adequacy in 18 OECD countries for the 1990-2010 period, for single, able-to-work individuals, tracks its comparative evolution, and proposes an explanation of its determinants, with a times-series cross-sectional model. The main positive determinant of adequacy is a generous welfare state; the main negative force is the importance of the public debt. Overall, the politics of MIP appears consistent with that of the welfare state." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Lump-sum severance grants and the duration of unemployment (2018)

    Andersson, Josefine;

    Zitatform

    Andersson, Josefine (2018): Lump-sum severance grants and the duration of unemployment. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2018,23), Uppsala, 47 S.

    Abstract

    "The well-known positive relationship between the unemployment benefit level and unemployment duration can be separated into two potential sources; a moral hazard effect, and a liquidity effect pertaining to the increased ability to smooth consumption. The latter is a socially optimal response due to credit and insurance market failures. These two effects are difficult to separate empirically, but the social optimality of an unemployment insurance policy can be evaluated by studying the effect of a non-distortionary lump-sum severance grant on unemployment durations. In this study, I evaluate the effects on unemployment duration and subsequent job quality of a lump-sum severance grant provided to displaced workers, by means of a Swedish collective agreement. I use a regression discontinuity design, based on the strict age requirement to be eligible for the grant. I find that the lump-sum grant has a positive effect on the probability of becoming unemployed and the length of the completed unemployment duration, but no effect on subsequent job quality. My analysis also indicates that spousal income is important for the consumption smoothing abilities of displaced workers, and that the grant may have a greater effect in times of more favorable labor market conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    A Bourdieusian analysis of employment services workers in an era of Workfirst (2018)

    Casey, Simon;

    Zitatform

    Casey, Simon (2018): A Bourdieusian analysis of employment services workers in an era of Workfirst. In: Social policy and administration, Jg. 53, H. 6, S. 1018-1029. DOI:10.1111/spol.12478

    Abstract

    "This article draws on qualitative research which focused on worker experiences of Workfirst activation during the Job Services Australia (JSA) contract of employment services. The Workfirst orientation of Australian labour market programmes created imperatives for activation workers to monitor job seeker compliance with activity tests. As part of the broader cohort interviewed in the study, activation workers were interviewed about the way sanctions were used to discipline job seekers in street-level exchanges. These workers had experienced the transition from the Job Network to JSA and had observed how a shift to Workfirst became institutionalised in organisational practices and culture. Concepts from Bourdieu's field theory are used to situate activation workers in the employment services field that became more managerial during the transition to Workfirst and where sanction-based practice was mainstreamed. Drawing also on Peillon's sociology of welfare, employment services are described as part of the welfare field in which the activation workers experienced the misrecognition associated with Workfirst, which is described as a structure of domination. The analysis employs the concept of intersubjective recognition to draw attention to the subjective and objective co-construction of street-level interactions. This study has implications for understanding how welfare reforms affect activation workers, the contributors to the erosion of employment services capability, and the need for investment in workforce development in the employment services sector." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    FDI and unemployment, a growth perspective (2018)

    Stepanok, Ignat ;

    Zitatform

    Stepanok, Ignat (2018): FDI and unemployment, a growth perspective. (IAB-Discussion Paper 11/2018), Nürnberg, 23 S.

    Abstract

    "Nord-Süd Direktinvestitionen werden oft als ein Prozess der Verlagerung von Jobs vom Norden in den Süden betrachtet. In diesem Papier wird ein Wachstumsmodell mit zwei asymmetrischen Ländern entwickelt; der Norden, wo Firmen in Forschung und Entwicklung investieren, und der Süden, in den sie später aufgrund niedriger Kosten Ihre Produktion verlagern. Ein Ergebnis des Modells ist, dass entgegen der Erwartung niedrigere Kosten für ausländische Direktinvestitionen die Arbeitslosigkeit sowohl im Norden als auch im Süden steigern. Die Direktinvestitionen erhöhen die Arbeitslosigkeit durch zwei Effekte: erstens tragen sie direkt, parallel mit der Innovationsrate, zu dem Eintritt und Austritt von Firmen bei; zweitens, indirekt durch Forschung und Entwicklung, in dem sie die Innovationsrate und dadurch die schöpferische Zerstörung von Produkten erhöhen, was am Ende die Arbeitslosigkeit noch weiter steigert. Wohingegen das Modell ohne Imitation von Produkten im Süden und ohne Handelskosten analytisch gelöst werden kann, wird die Version mit Imitation im Süden und mit Handelskosten numerisch gelöst. In dieser numerischen Version untersuche ich nicht nur die Wirkung von ausländischen Direktinvestitionen auf Arbeitslosigkeit, sondern auch auf das Wohlfahrtsniveau, dabei finde ich einen positiven Zusammenhang. Zusätzlich untersuche ich die Wirkung des Schutzes geistigen Eigentums auf Arbeitslosigkeit und Wohlfahrt. Es zeigt sich, dass beide in einem Gleichgewicht mit stärkerem Schutz höher ausfallen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Stepanok, Ignat ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    New trajectories of unionization in the Nordic Ghent countries: changing labour market and welfare institutions (2017)

    Høgedahl, Laust; Kongshøj, Kristian;

    Zitatform

    Høgedahl, Laust & Kristian Kongshøj (2017): New trajectories of unionization in the Nordic Ghent countries. Changing labour market and welfare institutions. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 23, H. 4, S. 365-380. DOI:10.1177/0959680116687666

    Abstract

    "Unemployment insurance funds (the 'Ghent system'), subsidized by the state and controlled by the labour movement, have contributed to high trade union densities in the Nordic countries. However, dependence on these funds as a recruiting mechanism makes trade union membership sensitive to institutional changes to unemployment insurance benefits and the institutional set-up surrounding and regulating them. In this article, we investigate recent institutional changes in the three Nordic countries following the Ghent model, Finland, Sweden and Denmark, and analyse the consequences for union and fund membership. These countries have witnessed different combinations of two types of reform, less attractive unemployment benefits plus new institutional alternatives to the traditional union-run funds, and this has led to different outcomes in each country. Benefit retrenchment and increased contributions led to a sharp decline in fund membership in Sweden, whereas this trend is less pronounced in Finland and Denmark. Instead, the main trend here has been a shift from union-led to alternative forms of fund membership, but in different ways." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The effect of extended unemployment insurance benefits: evidence from the 2012-2013 phase-out (2015)

    Farber, Henry S.; Rothstein, Jesse ; Valletta, Robert G.;

    Zitatform

    Farber, Henry S., Jesse Rothstein & Robert G. Valletta (2015): The effect of extended unemployment insurance benefits. Evidence from the 2012-2013 phase-out. (IZA discussion paper 8784), Bonn, 12 S.

    Abstract

    "Unemployment Insurance benefit durations were extended during the Great Recession, reaching 99 weeks for most recipients. The extensions were rolled back and eventually terminated by the end of 2013. Using matched CPS data from 2008-2014, we estimate the effect of extended benefits on unemployment exits separately during the earlier period of benefit expansion and the later period of rollback. In both periods, we find little or no effect on job-finding but a reduction in labor force exits due to benefit availability. We estimate that the rollbacks reduced the labor force participation rate by about 0.1 percentage point in early 2014." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Universal basic income versus unemployment insurance (2014)

    Fabre, Alice; Pallage, Stéphane; Zimmermann, Christian;

    Zitatform

    Fabre, Alice, Stéphane Pallage & Christian Zimmermann (2014): Universal basic income versus unemployment insurance. (IZA discussion paper 8667), Bonn, 24 S.

    Abstract

    "In this paper we compare the welfare effects of unemployment insurance (UI) with a universal basic income (UBI) system in an economy with idiosyncratic shocks to employment. Both policies provide a safety net in the face of idiosyncratic shocks. While the unemployment insurance program should do a better job at protecting the unemployed, it suffers from moral hazard and substantial monitoring costs, which may threaten its usefulness. The universal basic income, which is simpler to manage and immune to moral hazard, may represent an interesting alternative in this context. We work within a dynamic equilibrium model with savings calibrated to the United States for 1990 and 2011, and provide results that show that UI beats UBI for insurance purposes because it is better targeted towards those in need." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Overcoming vulnerability of unemployment insurance schemes (2014)

    Pareliussen, Jon Kristian;

    Zitatform

    Pareliussen, Jon Kristian (2014): Overcoming vulnerability of unemployment insurance schemes. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1131), Paris, 54 S. DOI:10.1787/5jz1592jj48r-en

    Abstract

    "Unemployment insurance is a key tool for risk sharing and redistribution and also a prominent automatic stabiliser. It is a volatile spending item by design, which can lead to vulnerabilities. This paper explores various shocks and sources of vulnerability of the unemployment insurance schemes of OECD and BRIICS countries. Policies that boost both financial resilience and benefit adequacy as well as policy trade-offs are explored. Four country clusters are identified with key similarities in the overall policy mix that can shed light on why some countries boast generous benefits and at the same time display high economic efficiency, while other countries face a much more pronounced trade-off." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Comparing formal unemployment compensation systems in 15 OECD countries (2014)

    Riza Ozkan, Umut;

    Zitatform

    Riza Ozkan, Umut (2014): Comparing formal unemployment compensation systems in 15 OECD countries. In: Social policy and administration, Jg. 48, H. 1, S. 44-66. DOI:10.1111/spol.12010

    Abstract

    "This study contributes to the welfare regime literature by analyzing unemployment compensation programmes - unemployment insurance (UI)/assistance (UA) programmes and redundancy pay schemes - of welfare state/occupational welfare regimes. It covers 15 countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) selected from Southern European, Liberal, Continental-corporatist and Social Democratic country clusters. In contrast to the common argument that Southern European countries have underdeveloped formal unemployment compensation systems, this study argues that they (especially in Spain, Portugal, and to some extent Italy) are comparable in strength to those in Continental-corporatist countries if occupational welfare programmes - notably redundancy pay - are considered alongside welfare state programmes for unemployment protection. The study also outlines the characteristics of redundancy pay schemes in the four country clusters and shows how different redundancy pay schemes are linked to UI/UA schemes in these clusters." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Unemployment insurance (2014)

    Woodbury, Stephen A. ;

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    Woodbury, Stephen A. (2014): Unemployment insurance. (Upjohn Institute working paper 208), Kalamazoo, Mich., 43 S.

    Abstract

    "Unemployment insurance (UI) provides temporary income support to workers who have lost their jobs and are seeking reemployment. This paper reviews the origins of the federal-state UI system in the United States and outlines its principles and goals. It also describes the conditions for benefit eligibility, the benefits themselves, and their financing through the UI payroll tax. The UI system is complex and includes many interested parties, including employers, worker advocates, state UI administrators, and the federal government. These parties' differing views have led to controversies over benefit eligibility, adequacy, and whether the states or federal government should bear primary responsibility for UI. The Great Recession caused most states' UI trust funds to become insolvent and has led to renewed debate over the structure and financing of the system." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Wohlfahrtspolitik im 21. Jahrhundert: neue Wege der Forschung (2013)

    Busemeyer, Marius R. ; Pfau-Effinger, Birgit ; Leibfried, Stephan; Obinger, Herbert; Ebbinghaus, Bernhard ; Mayer-Ahuja, Nicole;

    Zitatform

    Busemeyer, Marius R., Bernhard Ebbinghaus, Stephan Leibfried, Nicole Mayer-Ahuja, Herbert Obinger & Birgit Pfau-Effinger (Hrsg.) (2013): Wohlfahrtspolitik im 21. Jahrhundert. Neue Wege der Forschung. Frankfurt am Main: Campus-Verl., 323 S.

    Abstract

    "Der Wohlfahrtsstaat mit seinen umfassenden Sicherungssystemen ist ein zentrales Strukturmerkmal aller fortgeschrittenen Demokratien. Wohlfahrtspolitik steht heute jedoch vor ganz anderen Herausforderungen als noch in der Nachkriegszeit: demografischer und technologischer Wandel, Tertiarisierung, Entstandardisierung der Erwerbsformen, Migration, abgeflachtes Wirtschaftswachstum, usw. Angesichts dessen muss sich die Sozialpolitikforschung methodisch-analytisch und thematisch grundlegend erneuern: Es gilt, alte Denkmodelle abzulösen, die auf einem methodologischen Nationalismus gründen oder die zu eng am jeweiligen Politikfeld haften - zugunsten von sektorenübergreifenden Analysen, die auch transnationale Verflechtungsmuster berücksichtigen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Labour market institutions and unemployment: an international panel data analysis (2013)

    Flaig, Gebhard; Rottmann, Horst ;

    Zitatform

    Flaig, Gebhard & Horst Rottmann (2013): Labour market institutions and unemployment. An international panel data analysis. In: Empirica, Jg. 40, H. 4, S. 635-654. DOI:10.1007/s10663-012-9208-5

    Abstract

    "This paper deals with the effects of labour market institutions on unemployment in a panel of 19 OECD countries for the period 1960 - 2000. In contrast to many other studies, we use long time series and analyse cyclically adjusted trend values of the unemployment rate. Our novel contribution is the estimation of panel models where we allow for heterogeneous effects of institutions on unemployment. Our main results are, first, that on the average tighter employment protection, a higher tax burden on labour income and a more generous unemployment insurance system increase, whereas a higher centralization of wage negotiations decreases unemployment, and secondly, that the magnitude of the effects of institutions differs considerably between countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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