Corona und Care – zur Aufteilung von Erwerbs- und Sorgearbeit in den Familien
Welche Auswirkungen hat die Corona-Krise auf die Verteilung von Erwerbs- und Sorgearbeit in Deutschland? Ist in den Familien mit einer Rückkehr zu alten Rollenmustern zwischen den Geschlechtern zu rechnen? Die sogenannte "Retraditionalisierungsthese" von Jutta Allmendinger wird seit Beginn der Corona-Krise diskutiert. Mittlerweile zeigen zahlreiche Studien bezüglich der Rollenverteilung ein differenziertes Bild.
Die Infoplattform bietet einen Überblick zu den Studien und deren Ergebnissen.
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Literaturhinweis
Do carer tasks predict carer employment? Evidence from the Survey of Adult Carers in England (2024)
Zitatform
Candon, David, Michael Hewitt, Yu-Ling Liu-Smith & Peter Murphy (2024): Do carer tasks predict carer employment? Evidence from the Survey of Adult Carers in England. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 58, H. 1, S. 122-140. DOI:10.1111/spol.12948
Abstract
"Due to the large number of unpaid carers in England, there is an extensive body of research which examines the determinants of carers' employment. Despite this, little is known about the relationship between the specific tasks that carers perform and their labour supply. Using data from the Survey of Adult Carers in England, we examine the relationship between carer tasks and carer employment outcomes. We find that carers who perform tasks that are time-bound have a lower probability of working compared to carers who do not perform these tasks. Similarly, carers who perform shiftable tasks have a higher probability of working compared to carers who do not perform these tasks. If future social policy is to be designed to allow carers to also maintain their employment, then targeting services at the carer tasks which have the largest impact on employment needs to be taken into account." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Shifting Stress of Working Parents: An Examination of Dual Pandemic Disruptions—Remote Work and Remote Schooling (2024)
Zitatform
Fan, Wen & Phyllis Moen (2024): The Shifting Stress of Working Parents: An Examination of Dual Pandemic Disruptions—Remote Work and Remote Schooling. In: Social Sciences, Jg. 13, H. 1. DOI:10.3390/socsci13010036
Abstract
"Working remotely at least some of the time has long been seen as promoting a better integration of work and care obligations, even though prepandemic research is mixed as to the extent to which parents benefit emotionally from remote work. We exploit dual social experiments in schooling and work spawned by the COVID-19 pandemic to understand any stress-reducing effects of working from home under different school-closing state policy contexts. The pandemic led to an unprecedented shift to (and subsequent away from) remote and hybrid work but also to the implementation of various containment policies, most notably school closures driving a shift to remote learning that were put into effect to different degrees across U.S. states. Drawing on parents’ data from a U.S. nationally representative panel survey of workers who spent at least some time working from home since the pandemic onset, we use mixed-effects models to examine whether and in what ways cross-state and over-time variations in school closure policies shape any stress-reducing impacts of remote/hybrid work. Results show that when schools were not mandated to close, remote/hybrid work largely reduces parents’—especially mothers’—stress. However, an opposite pattern emerges in the face of closing mandates. These patterns are especially pronounced among white mothers and are not observed among nonparents." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of COVID-19 on the gender gap in remote work (2024)
Zitatform
Marcén, Miriam & Marina Morales (2024): The effect of COVID-19 on the gender gap in remote work. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 1379), Essen, 55 S.
Abstract
"We examine changes in the gender gap in working from home (WFH) in response to the unanticipated first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from the American Time Use Survey, we find a non-negligible widening of the gender gap with WFH being more prevalent among women than among men. Respondents' job traits played a significant role in the gender gap variations, those working in the private sector being the most affected. Young individuals, those more educated, and those living with a dependent person increased the gender gap more in terms of the proportion of time devoted to WFH. We further show evidence suggesting the mitigating effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions during the first wave of the pandemic, positively affecting the WFH tendency for men but not for women. Overall, the gender gap change proves robust to identification checks. In addition, the gender gap response has had a long-lasting impact on the gender gap." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Neither backlash nor convergence: dynamics of intra-couple childcare division during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany (2023)
Zitatform
Boll, Christina, Dana Müller & Simone Schüller (2023): Neither backlash nor convergence: dynamics of intra-couple childcare division during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 57. DOI:10.1186/s12651-023-00353-8
Abstract
"Using unique (bi)monthly panel data (IAB-HOPP) covering the immediate postlockdown period from June to August 2020, as well as the subsequent period up until the second lockdown in January/February 2021, we investigate opposing claims of widening/closing the gender gap in parental childcare during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany. We consider prepandemic division as a reference point and provide dynamics rather than snapshots. Our results suggest a slight initial shift toward a more egalitarian division that, however, faded out in subsequent months. Starting from a fairly “traditional” prepandemic childcare division, the lockdown stimulus was not nearly strong enough to level the playing field. Subgroup analysis differentiating between individual lockdown-specific work arrangements shows that the drivers of the observed shift were mothers with relatively intense labor market participation who cannot work from home. Fathers’ work arrangement instead did not play a significant role. We conclude that the shift emerged out of necessity rather than opportunity, which makes it likely to fade once the necessity vanishes. Further, a shift is observed only if fathers were to some extent involved in childcare prepandemic, which points to the crucial role of initial conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Müller, Dana;Ähnliche Treffer
- frühere (möglicherweise abweichende) Version erschienen u.d.T. "Neither Backlash nor Convergence: Dynamics of Intracouple Childcare Division after the First Covid-19 Lockdown and Subsequent Reopening in Germany" als: IAB-Discussion Paper, 12/2021
- frühere (möglicherweise abweichende) Version erschienen u.d.T. "Neither backlash nor convergence: Dynamics of intra-couple childcare division after the first COVID-19 lockdown and subsequent reopening in Germany" in: Covid economics, (2021), 81, 19-49
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Literaturhinweis
Kids back to school - parents back to work? School and daycare opening and parents’ employment in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (2023)
Zitatform
Fervers, Lukas, Lina Tobler, Veronika Knize, Bernhard Christoph & Marita Jacob (2023): Kids back to school - parents back to work? School and daycare opening and parents’ employment in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 33, H. 3, S. 373-387., 2023-01-19. DOI:10.1177/09589287231176775
Abstract
"Around the globe, the coronavirus pandemic has triggered various reactions of governments designed to contain the pandemic. Among other things, the pandemic led to an unforeseen and unprecedented closure of schools and daycare facilities. In turn, these closures might have forced parents to stay at home to care for their children who could not attend schools or kindergartens. From a social policy perspective, this raises the question of the extent to which parents’ employment has been affected, as time spent on childcare might make parents reduce their working hours. To answer this question, we exploit within-country variations in school and childcare policies across the federal states of Germany to analyse their effect on parents’ working time. In specific, we compare the working time of parents who live in different federal states with different restrictions regarding childcare in a difference-in-differences and difference-in-difference-in-differences framework. Our results reveal a non-negligible positive effect of an earlier and more far-reaching reopening of schools and daycare facilities on parents’ employment. Our results indicate that prolonged closure goes along with negative employment effects for parents. Hence, containment and closure policies to prevent the spread of COVID-19 have substantial economic and social side effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © SAGE) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Supplemental material -
Literaturhinweis
Kids back to school – parents back to work? School and daycare opening and parents' employment in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (2023)
Zitatform
Fervers, Lukas, Lina Tobler, Veronika Knize, Bernhard Christoph & Marita Jacob (2023): Kids back to school – parents back to work? School and daycare opening and parents' employment in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 33, H. 3, S. 373-387. DOI:10.1177/09589287231176775
Abstract
"Around the globe, the coronavirus pandemic has triggered various reactions of governments designed to contain the pandemic. Among other things, the pandemic led to an unforeseen and unprecedented closure of schools and daycare facilities. In turn, these closures might have forced parents to stay at home to care for their children who could not attend schools or kindergartens. From a social policy perspective, this raises the question of the extent to which parents? employment has been affected, as time spent on childcare might make parents reduce their working hours. To answer this question, we exploit within-country variations in school and childcare policies across the federal states of Germany to analyse their effect on parents? working time. In specific, we compare the working time of parents who live in different federal states with different restrictions regarding childcare in a difference-in-differences and difference-in-difference-in-differences framework. Our results reveal a non-negligible positive effect of an earlier and more far-reaching reopening of schools and daycare facilities on parents? employment. Our results indicate that prolonged closure goes along with negative employment effects for parents. Hence, containment and closure policies to prevent the spread of COVID-19 have substantial economic and social side effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Less Work, More Labor: School Closures and Work Hours During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria (2023)
Zitatform
Hanzl, Lisa & Miriam Rehm (2023): Less Work, More Labor: School Closures and Work Hours During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Austria. In: Feminist economics, Jg. 29, H. 4, S. 252-284. DOI:10.1080/13545701.2023.2251972
Abstract
"This article explores the gendered impact of school closures on paid work hours during the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria. Using data from the Austrian Corona Panel Project (ACPP) covering generalized school closures from March 2020 to April 2021, the study examines adjustments in work hours by gender and parental status. The descriptive data show general reductions in work time, especially in the first months. From July 2020 onward, however, mothers reduced work hours more than fathers when schools were closed - and they increased time spent on childcare, while fathers reduced theirs. Using OLS and fixed effects models, the study confirms that mothers reduced their work hours during school closures more than any other group. In contrast, fathers reduced their work hours the least - even less than individuals without children. Finally, there is some evidence that school closures capture policy stringency in high-incidence phases of the COVID-19 pandemic." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labour Market Shocks and Parental Investments during the Covid-19 Pandemic (2023)
Hupkau, Claudia; Ruiz-Valenzuela, Jenifer; Isphording, Ingo E.; Machin, Stephen;Zitatform
Hupkau, Claudia, Jenifer Ruiz-Valenzuela, Ingo E. Isphording & Stephen Machin (2023): Labour Market Shocks and Parental Investments during the Covid-19 Pandemic. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 82. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102341
Abstract
"This paper studies spill-over effects of parental labour market shocks at two time points in the Covid-19 crisis: right after its onset in April 2020, and in January 2021. We use rich data from the UK to look at the consequences of immediate and persistent shocks that hit parents' economic livelihoods. These negative labour market shocks have substantially larger impacts when suffered by fathers than by mothers. Children of fathers that suffered the most severe shocks - earnings dropping to zero - are the ones that are consistently impacted. In April 2020, they were 10 percentage points less likely to have received additional paid learning resources, but their fathers were spending about 30 more minutes per day helping them with school work. However, by January 2021, this latter association switches sign, as the negative spill-over onto children's education occurred for those fathers facing more persistent, negative labour market shocks as the crisis progressed. The paper discusses potential mechanisms driving these results, finding a sustained deterioration of household finances and a worsening of father's mental health to be factors at play." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Vergeschlechtlichte Arbeitsteilung in der Corona-Krise als „Backlash“?: Was in der Diskurskoalition zwischen Sozialwissenschaften und Politik thematisiert wird – und was ausgeblendet bleibt (2023)
Krucsay, Brita;Zitatform
Krucsay, Brita (2023): Vergeschlechtlichte Arbeitsteilung in der Corona-Krise als „Backlash“? Was in der Diskurskoalition zwischen Sozialwissenschaften und Politik thematisiert wird – und was ausgeblendet bleibt. In: Momentum Quarterly, Jg. 12, H. 2, S. 84-146. DOI:10.15203/momentumquarterly.vol12.no2.p84-99
Abstract
"Als Folge der Lockdown-Regelungen zur Eindämmung der Corona-Pandemie rückte im Jahr 2020 in Österreich die Familie erstmals als Produzentin „systemrelevanter Leistungen“ ins Licht der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung: Sozialwissenschaftliche und massenmediale Beiträge problematisierten den Widerspruch zwischen der Notwendigkeit und der gesellschaftlichen Bewertung und Sichtbarkeit „privat“ geleisteter und vergeschlechtlichter Reproduktionsarbeit. Der Beitrag rekonstruiert anhand der Karriere des soziologisch geprägten Terminus der „traditionellen Rollenbilder“, wie das potenzielle Konfliktfeld, das sich aus den getroffenen Maßnahmen und der empirisch dokumentierten Überforderung der Betroffenen ergab, diskursiv neutralisiert wurde, indem dessen kritische Stoßrichtung in gängige individualisierende und kapitalismuskompatible Bearbeitungsstrategien eingepasst wurde. Unter Bezug auf Erkenntnisse feministischer Ökonomie und Ideologiekritik wird rekonstruiert, wie unter Krisenbedingungen herrschende Mythen verfestigt werden, und danach gefragt, welche Rolle sozialwissenschaftliche Kritik dabei einnehmen kann." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The effects of Covid-19 on couples’ job tenures: Mothers have it worse (2023)
Zitatform
Lafuente, Cristina, Astrid Ruland, Raül Santaeulàlia-Llopis & Ludo Visschers (2023): The effects of Covid-19 on couples’ job tenures: Mothers have it worse. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 83. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102404
Abstract
"We study the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the employment contracts and job tenures of couples, and how these are shaped by gender and the presence of children. Using the Spanish Labor Force Survey, we find that women with children have suffered relatively larger losses of higher-duration, permanent jobs since the pandemic than men or women without children. These losses emerge approximately one year after the onset of the pandemic and persist, even though the aggregate male and female employment rate has recovered. Our results point to potential labor market scars, in particular, for mothers, that hide behind standard aggregate employment measures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Family care during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany: longitudinal evidence on consequences for the well-being of caregivers (2023)
Zitatform
Möhring, Katja, Sabine Zinn & Ulrike Ehrlich (2023): Family care during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany: longitudinal evidence on consequences for the well-being of caregivers. In: European Journal of Ageing, Jg. 20, H. 1. DOI:10.1007/s10433-023-00761-2
Abstract
"We examine changes in the well-being of family caregivers during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and the SOEP-CoV study. The COVID-19 pandemic posed an extraordinary challenge for family caregivers, as care recipients are a high-risk group requiring special protection, and professional care services were severely cut back. The specific situation of the COVID-19 pandemic allows us to re-examine the caregiver stress process model. Using first difference regression models, we analyse changes in general life satisfaction and depressive symptoms (PHQ-4 score) among family caregivers between 2019 and spring 2020, differentiating by care intensity and duration of the care episode. Caregivers show similar changes in well-being as non-caregivers: a simultaneous increase in depressive symptoms and life satisfaction between 2019 and 2020. However, our results reveal heterogeneity within the group of family caregivers as we find differences according to caregiving dynamics and intensity. Among the group of continuing caregivers, high-intensity caregivers experience a larger increase in life satisfaction, and low-intensity caregivers a smaller increase in life satisfaction, compared to non-caregivers. Our results therefore provide some support for the role enhancement hypothesis for continuing caregivers with high time commitment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Situation pflegender Angehöriger im erwerbsfähigen Alter in der COVID-19-Pandemie – Ergebnisse einer Onlinebefragung in Deutschland (2023)
Wiegelmann, Henrik; Wolf-Ostermann, Karin; Seibert, Kathrin; Rothgang, Heinz ; Domhoff, Dominik; Hess, Moritz ; Stolle, Claudia; Preuß, Benedikt; Schmidt, Annika; Heinze, Franziska;Zitatform
Wiegelmann, Henrik, Moritz Hess, Dominik Domhoff, Franziska Heinze, Annika Schmidt, Kathrin Seibert, Claudia Stolle, Benedikt Preuß, Heinz Rothgang & Karin Wolf-Ostermann (2023): Die Situation pflegender Angehöriger im erwerbsfähigen Alter in der COVID-19-Pandemie – Ergebnisse einer Onlinebefragung in Deutschland. In: Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, Jg. 66, H. 3, S. 265-274. DOI:10.1007/s00103-023-03659-7
Abstract
"Die Folgen der COVID-19-Pandemie haben verschiedene Personengruppen vor große Herausforderungen gestellt; eine dieser Gruppen sind pflegende Angehörige. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, welche Veränderungen die Pandemie für pflegende Angehörige mit sich gebracht hat und in welchem Ausmaß sich Lebensqualität und Pflegebelastung subgruppenspezifisch verändert haben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag)
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Literaturhinweis
Working from home, work-family conflict, and the role of gender and gender role attitudes (2023)
Zitatform
Yucel, Deniz & Heejung Chung (2023): Working from home, work-family conflict, and the role of gender and gender role attitudes. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 26, H. 2, S. 190-221. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2021.1993138
Abstract
"Previous studies have shown that societal norms around gender roles can shape gender-based outcomes of working from home. This paper extends these findings to see how individuals’ gender role attitudes can moderate the relationship between working from home and work–family conflict, but again with varying outcomes for men and women. We use data from around 3150 employees who participated in wave 10 (2017–2018) of the German Family Panel Survey (pairfam). Results suggest that compared to employees with fixed work locations, those who work from home report higher levels of family-to-work conflict, but not higher work-to-family conflict. Positive associations between working from home and both types of work – family conflict are found only for women, not for men. Specifically, the positive association between working from home and family-to-work conflict is mainly present among women with traditional gender role attitudes, while the positive association between working from home and work-to-family conflict is mainly present among women with egalitarian gender role attitudes. No such variation, however, was found for men. This study highlights the importance of taking gender and gender role attitudes into account when examining the consequences of working from home." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Arbeit-Familie-Konflikt und psychische Beanspruchung im Homeoffice während der COVID-19-Pandemie: Die moderierende Rolle der Resilienz (2023)
Zimber, Andreas;Zitatform
Zimber, Andreas (2023): Arbeit-Familie-Konflikt und psychische Beanspruchung im Homeoffice während der COVID-19-Pandemie. Die moderierende Rolle der Resilienz. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, Jg. 67, H. 4, S. 188-200. DOI:10.1026/0932-4089/a000409
Abstract
"Aus früheren Studien ist bekannt, dass die Arbeit im Homeoffice zu einem Arbeit-Familie-Konflikt mit negativen Beanspruchungsfolgen beitragen kann. Nach den Annahmen des Job-Demands-Resources-Modells können persönliche Ressourcen das individuelle Beanspruchungsrisiko abschwächen. Diese Annahme wurde am Beispiel der Resilienz in einer online-Querschnittserhebung während der 3. Corona-Welle in Deutschland bei N=142 Beschäftigten im Zusammenhang mit der Arbeit im Homeoffice überprüft. Untersucht wurden Irritation und Vitalität als abhängige Variablen, Arbeit-Familie-Konflikt als unabhängige Variable und Resilienz als potenzieller Moderator. Es wurde angenommen, dass resilientere Personen weniger Irritation infolge von Arbeit-Familie-Konflikten im Homeoffice erleben. Eine Moderatoranalyse bestätigte den postulierten Interaktionseffekt. Die Resilienz stellt beim Umgang mit Arbeit-Familie-Konflikten im Homeoffice somit eine relevante persönliche Ressource dar. Praktische Implikationen für die Personalentwicklung und betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung werden diskutiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Hogrefe Verlag)
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Literaturhinweis
Transitions to parenthood, flexible working and time-based work-to-family conflicts: A gendered life course and organisational change perspective (2022)
Zitatform
Abendroth, Anja-Kristin (2022): Transitions to parenthood, flexible working and time-based work-to-family conflicts: A gendered life course and organisational change perspective. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 34, H. 4, S. 1033-1055. DOI:10.20377/jfr-730
Abstract
"Objective: This study investigates how flexitime and flexiplace moderate the consequences of transitions to parenthood for time-based work-to-family conflicts for women and men, and whether the normalisation of their use in organisations additionally contributes to reducing work-to-family conflicts. Background: Although flexible working has been described as a resource for better aligning demands in the domains of work and family, the findings of previous - mainly cross-sectional – research on its consequences for work–family conflict are inconsistent. Method: Individual fixed effects analyses were conducted using linked employer-employee panel data for 1,973 partnered men and 1575 partnered women in 132 large work organisations in Germany. Results: Time-based work-to-family conflicts after transition to parenthood increased for men but decreased for women. This can be explained by women reducing their working hours. However, work-to-family conflicts remained rather stable despite of the transition to parenthood among women who used flexitime. This can partly be explained by their weaker work-to-family conflicts already before the transition as well as to adjustments in work investments being less common among them. There is some evidence that the normalisation of flexitime and flexiplace in the organisation is associated with fewer work-to-family conflicts among women and men. Conclusion: Flexitime seems to be not an additional but an alternative resource to decrease the likelihood of more frequent time-based work-to-family conflicts after transition to parenthood among women. The normalization of flexible working depicts organizational change towards more family-friendliness." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Has the COVID-19 pandemic changed gender- and parental-status-specific differences in working from home? Panel evidence from Germany (2022)
Abendroth, Anja-Kristin ; Müller, Dana; Carstensen, Tanja; Hipp, Lena ; Sauermann, Armin; Lott, Yvonne ;Zitatform
Abendroth, Anja-Kristin, Yvonne Lott, Lena Hipp, Dana Müller, Armin Sauermann & Tanja Carstensen (2022): Has the COVID-19 pandemic changed gender- and parental-status-specific differences in working from home? Panel evidence from Germany. In: Gender, work & organization, Jg. 29, H. 6, S. 1991-2011., 2022-03-12. DOI:10.1111/gwao.12836
Abstract
"Has COVID-19 changed gender- and parental-status-specific differences in working from home? To answer this question, we used data from the Institute for Employment Research High-Frequency Online Personal Panel collected in Germany in the early stages of the pandemic (May - August 2020). Regression analyses revealed changes in pre-pandemic gender- and parental-status-specific differences in remote working - not only when strict social distancing measures were in place, but also after they were lifted: Fathers were no longer more likely than childless men and women to work remotely, and women were no longer more likely than men to work more hours from home when using this arrangement. Further, the results suggest that cultural barriers in organizations to working from home - which were especially prevalent for mothers before the pandemic - have decreased." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Müller, Dana; -
Literaturhinweis
Homeoffice während der Corona-Pandemie und darüber hinaus – Potenziale für erwerbstätige Eltern (2022)
Alberg, Ivonne; Zöll, Madita; Opolony, Steffen; Yilmaz, Beyza; Oppers, Jacqueline Désirée; Kirsten, Julia; Schorr, Sabrina; Klammer, Ute; Brunoni, Cecilia; Shishkova, Mirena;Zitatform
Alberg, Ivonne, Cecilia Brunoni, Julia Kirsten, Ute Klammer, Steffen Opolony, Jacqueline Désirée Oppers, Sabrina Schorr, Mirena Shishkova, Beyza Yilmaz & Madita Zöll (2022): Homeoffice während der Corona-Pandemie und darüber hinaus – Potenziale für erwerbstätige Eltern. (IAQ-Report 2022-04), Duisburg ; Essen, 24 S. DOI:10.17185/duepublico/75860
Abstract
"Die Verlagerung der Arbeit ins Homeoffice traf auf sehr unterschiedliche Ausgangsbedingungen mit entsprechend unterschiedlichen Entwicklungspfaden. Hindernisse und Vorbehalte bezüglich der Arbeit im Homeoffice konnten auf Seiten der Unternehmen wie auch der Arbeitnehmer*innen abgebaut werden. Viele der befragten erwerbstätigen Eltern wünschen sich, auch in Zukunft einen Teil ihrer Erwerbsarbeit im Homeoffice erbringen zu können. Voraussetzungen für gelingendes Homeoffice sind die technische Unterstützung unter Berücksichtigung des Gesundheitsschutzes, Schulungen sowie klare Absprachen bezüglich der Arbeitsaufgaben im Homeoffice." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Childcare and housework during the first lockdown in Austria: Traditional division or new roles? (2022)
Zitatform
Berghammer, Caroline (2022): Childcare and housework during the first lockdown in Austria: Traditional division or new roles? In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 34, H. 1, S. 99-133. DOI:10.20377/jfr-701
Abstract
"Objective: This study analyses how much time mothers and fathers spent on childcare and housework during and after the first COVID-19 lockdown in Austria (starting in mid-March 2020) and how they distributed that time between themselves. Background: Parents needed to reallocate care work between themselves as, on the one hand, kindergartens and schools closed for two months and, on the other hand, employment-related changes arose, e.g., working from home. The results are discussed in light of major theories that address the division of care work: the time availability approach and gender role theory. Method: This study employs data from the Austrian Corona Panel Project 2020/21, a web-based survey using quota sampling, which started in the second week of the first lockdown (n=372 for respondents in couples with children below age 15). Altogether, seven waves contain information about time spent on childcare and housework; three were conducted during or right after the first lockdown (April and May 2020) and four between June 2020 and February 2021. Linear and logistic regression models were used. Results: Within the whole study period, parents’ total workload (care work and employment) was highest during the first lockdown. The workload was greatest—an average of 15 hours on weekdays—among mothers with children below age six. While mothers shouldered more care work in most families, partners shared tasks equally in around one third of them. Care time depended on employment hours, especially for fathers. Yet, it was higher for mothers with the same level of employment as fathers. Conclusion: The COVID-19-related employment changes led to a rise in arrangements that rarely existed before in Austria, e.g., fathers working part-time. Consequently, some fathers took on new roles, especially when they worked from home (mostly among the higher educated), were non-employed (mostly among the lower educated) or worked part-time. The paper concludes by discussing whether those experiences may permanently result in more egalitarian gender roles." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Protected through Part-time Employment? Labor Market Status, Domestic Responsibilities, and the Life Satisfaction of German Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic (2022)
Zitatform
Bertogg, Ariane, Nevena Kulic & Susanne Strauss (2022): Protected through Part-time Employment? Labor Market Status, Domestic Responsibilities, and the Life Satisfaction of German Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic. In: Social Politics, Jg. 29, H. 4, S. 1236-1260. DOI:10.1093/sp/jxab048
Abstract
"The COVID-19 lockdown measures have challenged individuals to reconcile employment, childcare, and housework. This article addresses whether these challenges have reduced life satisfaction among German women by focusing on their labor market status and drawing upon a topical online survey (Kantar) collected in Germany at two points in time: May 2020 and November 2020. We find that part-time employed women were better protected against a decline in life satisfaction, but only during the first lockdown. Economically inactive women were most likely to experience a decline in life satisfaction during the first lockdown, but least likely during the second lockdown. Life satisfaction has further decreased between the first and the second lockdown, and the likelihood of a decrease has converged for full-time, part-time, and economically inactive women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie eine Korrektur. -
Literaturhinweis
The Impact Of Covid-19 Lockdown On The Gender Gap In The Italian Labour Market (2022)
Bettin, Giulia; Staffolani, Stefano; Giorgetti, Isabella;Zitatform
Bettin, Giulia, Isabella Giorgetti & Stefano Staffolani (2022): The Impact Of Covid-19 Lockdown On The Gender Gap In The Italian Labour Market. (Quaderno di ricerca / Università Politecnica delle Marche, Dipartimento di scienze economiche e sociali 460), Ancona, 69 S.
Abstract
"We study the gendered impact of the nationwide lockdown (March-May 2020) due to the Covid-19 pandemic on the Italian labour market. By using Labour Force Survey data on the first three quarters of 2020, we define a Triple Difference-in-Differences (DDD) strategy by exploiting the exact timing of the lockdown implementation. We found that in non essential sectors (treated group) the lockdown enlarged pre-existent gender inequalities in the extensive margin of labour force participation: the probability of job loss got 0.7 p.p. higher among female workers compared to their male counterparts, and this difference was mainly detected during the reopening period rather than in the strict lockdown phase. The probability to benefit from the wage guarantee fund (CIG) was also higher for female compared to male treated workers (3.6 p.p.), both during the lockdown and in the reopening phase. This is a great change with respect to the past, when men had always been more likely to benefit from this measure due to the fact that CIG application was traditionally restricted to male-dominated sectors of employment. On the other hand, no significant gender differences emerged among the treated group either on the intensive margin, in terms of working hours, or in terms of remote working, at least in the medium-term." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))