Bedingungsloses und solidarisches Grundeinkommen – Konzepte in der Diskussion
Trotz günstiger Beschäftigungslage laufen Langzeitarbeitslose immer noch Gefahr, den Anschluss an den ersten Arbeitsmarkt zu verlieren. Zudem gibt es die Sorge, dass sich diese Entwicklung durch den technologischen Wandel noch verstärken wird. Wäre ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen die richtige Antwort? Kann ein solidarisches Grundeinkommen das Bürgergeld nach SGB II weiterentwickeln oder sogar ablösen? Dieses Themendossier stellt wissenschaftliche Literatur zum Thema zusammen und wirft einen Blick auf die aktuelle Diskussion.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
-
Literaturhinweis
Basic income and employment (2026)
Zitatform
Aloi, Marta & Teresa Lloyd-Braga (2026): Basic income and employment. In: The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, S. 1-39. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.70025
Abstract
"We analyse the general equilibrium implications of introducing a universal basic income (UBI) for employment and income in an economy characterized by involuntary unemployment. Our framework allows tax revenues and workers' reservation wages to adjust endogenously with employment to satisfy the government's budget constraint. We show that multiple equilibria may emerge and that a UBI can support higher employment when the initial equilibrium is characterized by high taxes. However, in this setting, replacing unemployment benefit schemes with UBI proves less effective at fostering employment, ultimately requiring higher taxes and yielding more limited welfare gains." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
‘Unconditionality is a very, very difficult question’ – views on benefit conditionality among Finnish basic income experiment participants (2026)
Zitatform
Blomberg, Helena, Christian Kroll & Laura Tarkiainen (2026): ‘Unconditionality is a very, very difficult question’ – views on benefit conditionality among Finnish basic income experiment participants. In: Journal of Social Policy, S. 1-17. DOI:10.1017/s004727942610155x
Abstract
"A central principle of basic income (BI) is unconditionality, contrasting with the prevailing trend in developed welfare systems that emphasises conditionality based on ‘activation’. While literature exists on attitudes about benefit conditionality and various BI solutions, there is limited understanding of the reasoning by individuals who have experienced a shift from conditionality to unconditionality within a BI framework. This gap highlights the need for more research on individual experiences related to these changing benefit principles. Utilising eighty-one in-depth participant interviews from the Finnish BI experiment targeting the long-term unemployed, we asked: how do experiment participants view benefit (un)conditionality after having received an unconditional basic income? Our results on the views of benefit conditionality among BI recipients proved to be quite varied. Some of the interviewees strongly supported principles of unconditionality, some basing their views on personal experience, while others opposed unconditionality, referring to their political beliefs, associating universal BI with leftist ideas, despite the Finnish experiment having been initiated by a conservative government. Interviews indicate that institutionalised norms and personal ideologies – key factors in welfare state research – significantly influence reasoning on (un)conditionality among participants in BI experiments, reflecting the work ethos of both traditional and current Nordic welfare state models." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Informelle Altenpflegeökonomie und Grundeinkommen: Der potenzielle Einfluss eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens auf die Lebenslage erwerbsfähiger informeller Pflegepersonen (2026)
Dumschat, Tobias;Zitatform
Dumschat, Tobias (2026): Informelle Altenpflegeökonomie und Grundeinkommen. Der potenzielle Einfluss eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens auf die Lebenslage erwerbsfähiger informeller Pflegepersonen. (Studien des Freiburger Instituts für Grundeinkommensstudien (FRIBIS) an der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. Freiburg Studies on Basic Income 7), Münster: LIT Verlag, 351 S. DOI:10.52038/9783643157324
Abstract
"Die Pflege hochaltriger Menschen wird in Deutschland zu großen Teilen von Angehörigen übernommen – meist unbezahlt, im privaten Umfeld und häufig neben Erwerbsarbeit und Familie. Diese informelle Altenpflege steht unter Druck: Während die Zahl pflegebedürftiger Menschen steigt, sinkt zugleich das Potenzial familiärer Pflegepersonen im erwerbsfähigen Alter. Die Studie untersucht aus sozialökonomischer Perspektive, wie erwerbsfähige pflegende Angehörige den möglichen Einfluss eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens von 1.500 Euro auf die Bewältigung ihres Pflegealltags einschätzen. Die qualitativen Interviews zeigen ein differenziertes Bild: Einige erwarten Entlastung, finanzielle Sicherheit und größere Selbstbestimmung; andere erwarten kaum Veränderungen ihrer Lebenslage. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, wie eng finanzielle Sicherheit, Wohlbefinden, soziale Netzwerke sowie die Vereinbarkeit von Pflege, Erwerbsarbeit und Privatleben zusammenhängen. Die Arbeit leistet damit einen Beitrag zur sozialökonomischen Pflegeforschung und zur Diskussion über die Zukunft informeller Altenpflege in einer alternden Gesellschaft." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Basic income versus fairness: redistribution with inactive agents (2026)
Germain, Antoine;Zitatform
Germain, Antoine (2026): Basic income versus fairness: redistribution with inactive agents. In: Journal of Public Economics, Jg. 262. DOI:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2026.105738
Abstract
"I study redistribution between inactive, unemployed, and employed agents who are heterogeneous in their preferences and their productive skills in the labor market and at home. The government considers that redistribution across skills is desirable, but redistribution across preferences is not: if everyone has the same preferences, equality is optimal, but if everyone has the same skills, laissez-faire is optimal. In turn, this leads to a simple sufficient statistic to assess any reform: any extra dollar of transfer should go to the agent whose consumption is the furthest below what she would have consumed if everyone had average skills. In high-income countries, the gap between the lowest consumption and the average production is empirically much larger in the labor market than among inactives. Hence, introducing an inactivity benefit, or basic income, would neither be welfare-improving nor optimal for that social welfare function, regardless of labor supply elasticities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Universal basic income and the purpose of work and labour (2026)
Kananen, Johannes;Zitatform
Kananen, Johannes (2026): Universal basic income and the purpose of work and labour. In: World development perspectives, Jg. 43. DOI:10.1016/j.wdp.2026.100786
Abstract
"This article discusses the proposition that a Universal Basic Income provides an exit option from exploitative working conditions. This proposition has been defended from two perspectives. The liberal perspective looks at the proposition from the perspective of the individual human being and the liberal democratic constitution. The Marxian perspective looks at the collective level and the (a)symmetry of power relations between labour and capital. A third perspective can be contrasted with the two, namely the perspective on vita activa and the human condition opened up by Hannah Arendt. Building on these, the article outlines an argument of the transformative potential of UBI as an exit option. UBI can change our egoistic concepts of work so that we understand work as an arena of freedom where we voluntarily put our skills into use for the service of others. Existing social security policies can be seen as a step in the development towards this understanding." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
What Do Unemployed Workers Want: Guaranteed Jobs or Guaranteed Income? (2026)
Zitatform
Lehner, Lukas (2026): What Do Unemployed Workers Want: Guaranteed Jobs or Guaranteed Income? (Working paper / The Levy Economics Institute 1125), Annandale-on-Hudson, NY, 46 S.
Abstract
"This paper studies unemployed workers' preferences for two widely debated social policy innovations often framed as rivals: a job guarantee and a basic income. It addresses how support for the two policies compares, how policy generosity shapes that support, and which groups are most supportive. Leveraging a randomized experiment in a representative survey of unemployed workers in Austria, the analysis documents broad support for both policies: consistently higher for guaranteed jobs though a majority support both policies. Increasing generosity raises support for each policy, and crossing a pay threshold above average unemployment benefits sharply increases willingness to accept guaranteed jobs. Support and willingness to participate are strongest among disadvantaged respondents, while a small socio-economically advantaged minority opposes both policies across generosity levels. The results suggest that guaranteed jobs and guaranteed income are better understood as complementary rather than opposing strategies for strengthening the welfare state in the twenty-first century." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Perspektiven eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens (2026)
Zitatform
Schupp, Jürgen (2026): Perspektiven eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens. In: Sozialpolitikblog H. 21.05.2026.
Abstract
"In der Diskussion über die Reform des Sozialstaats in Deutschland spielt das bedingungslose Grundeinkommens (BGE) eher eine Außenseiterrolle. Dabei bietet es wichtige Referenzpunkte für die schrittweise Erprobung bürokratiearmer, universeller Elemente. Ein Modellprojekt des Deutschen Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW) und des Vereins Mein.Grundeinkommen zeigt, welche Auswirkungen das Grundeinkommen auf das Leben der Empfänger*innen hat." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
From means-tested programs to Universal Basic Income - The role of endogenous participation in transfer programs (2026)
Zitatform
Yang, Fan (2026): From means-tested programs to Universal Basic Income - The role of endogenous participation in transfer programs. In: Journal of monetary economics, Jg. 162. DOI:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2026.103960
Abstract
"This paper studies the effects of replacing the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) with a Universal Basic Income (UBI) in an environment where EITC take-up is incomplete. In contrast, UBI ensures full participation by design, extending benefits to households who do not take up the EITC, at the cost of higher fiscal expenditures. I study this trade-off between expanded coverage and fiscal cost using a life-cycle model with an endogenous EITC participation decision that replicates the observed eligibility and take-up patterns. The results show that a generous UBI ($12,000 annually) reduces welfare due to the substantial fiscal burden it entails, whereas a modest UBI ($3500 per year) improves welfare by reaching previously uncovered households at only a moderate fiscal cost. These findings highlight the importance of the program participation margin in evaluating policy reforms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Who wants what, and why? Attitude polarization and political viability of UBI (2025)
Zitatform
Becker, Bastian & Hanna Schwander (2025): Who wants what, and why? Attitude polarization and political viability of UBI. In: Journal of European Social Policy, S. 1-23. DOI:10.1177/09589287251400044
Abstract
"This study examines attitude polarization as a key determinant of the political viability of policy reforms, using Universal Basic Income (UBI) as a case in point. While public support for UBI is often high in aggregate, little is known about the extent and nature of underlying divisions. Drawing on a stratified online survey (n = 3076) conducted ahead of a local UBI campaign in Germany, we study who supports what type of basic income, and why . Methodologically, we extend conventional conjoint analysis to directly capture polarization over policy design, and complement it with open-ended responses to elicit respondents’ reasoning. Our findings show that polarization centers on the defining features of UBI – its generosity, unconditionality, and financing – yet also reveal areas of common ground for broader political coalitions. By combining a novel methodological approach with a focus on polarization, our study offers new insights into how public attitudes shape the political feasibility of policy reforms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Basic Income and Labor Supply: Evidence from an RCT in Germany (2025)
Bernhard, Sarah ; Schupp, Jürgen ; Bohmann, Sandra; Kasy, Maximilian ; Schwerter, Frederik; Fiedler, Susann;Zitatform
Bernhard, Sarah, Sandra Bohmann, Susann Fiedler, Maximilian Kasy, Jürgen Schupp & Frederik Schwerter (2025): Basic Income and Labor Supply. Evidence from an RCT in Germany. (CESifo working paper 11940), München, 45 S.
Abstract
"How does basic income (a regular, unconditional, guaranteed cash transfer) impact labor supply? We show that in search models of the labor market with income effects, this impact is theoretically ambiguous: Employment and job durations might increase or decrease, match surplus might be shifted to workers or employers, and worker surplus might be reallocated between wages and job amenities. We thus turn to empirical evidence to study this impact. We conducted a pre-registered RCT in Germany, starting 2021, where recipients received 1200 Euro/month for three years. We draw on both administrative and survey data, and find no extensive margin (employment) response, and no impact on on job transitions from either non-employment or employment. We do find a small statistically insignificant intensive margin shift to parttime employment, which implies an excess burden (reduction of government revenues) of ca 7.5% of the transfer. We furthermore observe a small increase of enrollment in training or education." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: DIW-Diskussionspapiere, 2123 -
Literaturhinweis
Basic Income and Labor Supply: Evidence from an RCT in Germany (2025)
Bernhard, Sarah ; Fiedler, Susann; Bohmann, Sandra; Kasy, Maximilian ; Schwerter, Frederik; Schupp, Jürgen ;Zitatform
Bernhard, Sarah, Sandra Bohmann, Susann Fiedler, Maximilian Kasy, Jürgen Schupp & Frederik Schwerter (2025): Basic Income and Labor Supply. Evidence from an RCT in Germany. (DIW-Diskussionspapiere 2123), Berlin, 45 S.
Abstract
"How does basic income (a regular, unconditional, guaranteed cash transfer) impact labor supply? We show that in search models of the labor market with income effects, this impact is theoretically ambiguous: Employment and job durations might increase or decrease, match surplus might be shifted to workers or employers, and worker surplus might be reallocated between wages and job amenities. We thus turn to empirical evidence to study this impact. We conducted a pre-registered RCT in Germany, starting 2021, where recipients received 1200 Euro/month for three years. We draw on both administrative and survey data, and find no extensive margin (employment) response, and no impact on on job transitions from either non-employment or employment. We do find a small statistically insignificant intensive margin shift to parttime employment, which implies an excess burden (reduction of government revenues) of ca 7.5% of the transfer. We furthermore observe a small increase of enrollment in training or education." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Basic Income and Labor Supply: Evidence from an RCT in Germany (2025)
Bernhard, Sarah ; Fiedler, Susann; Schwerter, Frederik; Schupp, Jürgen ; Bohmann, Sandra; Kasy, Maximilian ;Zitatform
Bernhard, Sarah, Sandra Bohmann, Susann Fiedler, Maximilian Kasy, Jürgen Schupp & Frederik Schwerter (2025): Basic Income and Labor Supply. Evidence from an RCT in Germany. (SocArXiv papers 109 2123), Berlin, 45 S.
Abstract
"How does basic income (a regular, unconditional, guaranteed cash transfer) impact labor supply? We show that in search models of the labor market with income effects, this impact is theoretically ambiguous: Employment and job durations might increase or decrease, match surplus might be shifted to workers or employers, and worker surplus might be reallocated between wages and job amenities. We thus turn to empirical evidence to study this impact. We conducted a pre-registered RCT in Germany, starting 2021, where recipients received 1200 Euro/month for three years. We draw on both administrative and survey data, and find no extensive margin (employment) response, and no impact on job transitions from either non-employment or employment. We do find a small statistically insignificant intensive margin shift to part-time employment, which implies an excess burden (reduction of government revenues) of ca 7.5% of the transfer. We furthermore observe a small increase of enrollment in training or education." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: DIW-Diskussionspapiere, 2123 -
Literaturhinweis
Fewer obligations for welfare recipients, more social and economic activities? Results from an experiment with less conditional welfare regimes (2025)
Zitatform
Betkó, János, Niels Spierings, Maurice Gesthuizen & Peer Scheepers (2025): Fewer obligations for welfare recipients, more social and economic activities? Results from an experiment with less conditional welfare regimes. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 54, H. 2, S. 374-391. DOI:10.1017/S0047279423000545
Abstract
"This article presents results of a Dutch randomized experiment, challenging the ‘workfare’ paradigm, which is dominant in many countries. We study whether social assistance (SA) schemes with fewer conditions and more autonomy for recipients stimulate valuable but often overlooked unpaid socio-economic activities (USEA), which are not classified as work. In the qualitative part of the mixed method study, we generated new hypotheses stating that particularly recipients who are older, higher educated, have a migration background, have relatively poor health, or have young children, will spend more time on USEA in less conditional and more autonomous regimes. The quantitative part of the study, where two experimental conditions are compared with the usual treatment of SA recipients, does not show convincing average treatment effects, but does reveal that a less conditional and more autonomy-oriented SA scheme translates into more USEA for older people, people with a migration background and people with relatively poor mental health." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Pilotprojekt Grundeinkommen: kein Rückzug vom Arbeitsmarkt, aber bessere mentale Gesundheit (2025)
Zitatform
Bohmann, Sandra, Susann Fiedler, Max Kasy, Jürgen Schupp & Frederik Schwerter (2025): Pilotprojekt Grundeinkommen: kein Rückzug vom Arbeitsmarkt, aber bessere mentale Gesundheit. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 92, H. 15, S. 221-229. DOI:10.18723/diw_wb:2025-15-1
Abstract
"Im Juni 2021 startete in Deutschland ein groß angelegtes Feldexperiment zum bedingungslosen Grundeinkommen. Zwei in diesem Wochenbericht zusammengefasste Studien untersuchen, wie sich bedingungslose Geldtransfers in Höhe von monatlich 1200 Euro über einen Zeitraum von drei Jahren auf das Ausgaben- und Arbeitsmarktverhalten sowie auf verschiedene Indikatoren der mentalen Gesundheit und des subjektiven Wohlbefindens auswirkten. Die 107 Teilnehmenden sparten rund ein Drittel der Geldzahlungen und damit mehr als doppelt so viel wie die aus 1580 Personen bestehende Vergleichsgruppe. Knapp acht Prozent der Geldzahlungen gaben sie für wohltätige Zwecke oder zur Unterstützung von Familien- und Freundes-Netzwerken aus. Die Teilnehmenden zogen sich weder aus dem Arbeitsmarkt zurück noch reduzierten sie signifikant ihre geleisteten Arbeitsstunden. Die Zahlungen führten jedoch zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung der mentalen Gesundheit und einem Anstieg der allgemeinen Lebenszufriedenheit sowie weiterer Indikatoren des Wohlbefindens. Die Ergebnisse liefern einen evidenzbasierten Baustein zur Versachlichung der sozialpolitisch relevanten Debatte von bedingungslosen Geldzahlungen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Cash Transfers, Mental Health and Agency: Evidence from an RCT in Germany (2025)
Zitatform
Bohmann, Sandra, Susann Fiedler, Maximilian Kasy, Jürgen Schupp & Frederik Schwerter (2025): Cash Transfers, Mental Health and Agency: Evidence from an RCT in Germany. (CESifo working paper 11989), München, 37 S.
Abstract
"Mental health and wellbeing are unequally distributed in high-income countries, disadvantaging low-income individuals. Unconditional, regular, and guaranteed cash transfers may help address this inequality by promoting financial security and agency. We conducted a preregistered RCT in Germany, where treated participants received monthly payments of EUR 1,200 for three years. Cash transfers improve mental health and wellbeing. These effects are substantively large and robust. Cash transfers also improve perceived autonomy, savings, prosocial giving, time with friends, and sleep. Our findings suggest that cash transfers improve mental health and wellbeing if they empower agency and meaningful life changes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Basic income in crisis? (Hard) lessons from the pandemic (2025)
Zitatform
De Wispelaere, Jurgen, Joe Chrisp & Leticia Morales (2025): Basic income in crisis? (Hard) lessons from the pandemic. In: Global Policy, Jg. 16, H. 1, S. 167-174. DOI:10.1111/1758-5899.13461
Abstract
"This short paper reflects on the key lessons we can learn from the political debate around and policy experimentation with (emergency) basic income schemes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. While the pandemic crisis initially seems to have opened up a policy window for introducing a basic income as a crisis instrument, theoretical arguments and empirical observations strongly suggest the reliance of some basic income advocates on crisis events, such as the pandemic, to push forward their policy ideas involves wishful thinking rather than political reality. A feasible roadmap towards introducing basic income requires the hard work of raising public awareness, constructing broad constituencies, and building robust political coalitions rather than waiting for the next crisis to come around the corner." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Soziale Sicherung, Arbeit und Teilhabe: Bruchlinien der Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsgesellschaft (2025)
Dimmel, Nikolaus; Quast-Neulinger, Michaela; Dimmel, Nikolaus; Immervoll, Karl Anton; Exner, Andreas; Blümel, Markus; Mader, Katharina; Immervoll, Karl Anton; Achleitner, Sophie; Lehner, Lukas ;Zitatform
Dimmel, Nikolaus & Karl Anton Immervoll (Hrsg.) (2025): Soziale Sicherung, Arbeit und Teilhabe. Bruchlinien der Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsgesellschaft. (Bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen in der Debatte 4), Linz: pro mente edition, 151 S.
Abstract
"Je schneller die soziale Polarisierung von Vermögen, Erwerbsarbeits- und Einkommenschancen voranschreitet, je größer die Zahl der Prekarier, sozial Abgehängten, Langzeitarbeitslosen, als "überflüssig" Etikettierten wird, desto lauter wird die Forderung nach einem bedingungslosen Grundeinkommen erhoben. Für die einen versprechen Konzepte eines Grundeinkommens einen Befreiungsschlag aus der "ganzen ökonomischen Scheiße" des Kapitalismus (Karl Marx), für die anderen sind sie linke Sozialutopie oder schlimmer noch Anreize, nichts zu tun und der allgemeinen Steuerzahlerin auf der Tasche zu liegen. Die einen erkennen in ihm eine Element sozialer Inklusion, die anderen ein Risiko sozialer Stigmatisierung und Exklusion. Die zugehörige Debatte ist turbulent. Die einen wollen ein Grundeinkommen aus Verbrauchssteuern, die anderen aus Vermögenssteuern bestreiten. Die einen reden über ein Grundeinkommen statt Einkommen aus Erwerbsarbeit, die anderen über eines als Voraussetzung der Aufnahme einer Erwerbsarbeit, die dritten über eines als Entgelt für bislang unentgeltlich geleistete Reproduktionsarbeit. Die einen sprechen von Bedingungslosigkeit als Gegenbild zu den existierenden bedarfsgeprüften, sanktionsbewehrten Transferleistungssystemen, die anderen von der Erwartungshaltung, auf Grundlage eines Grundeinkommens "sein Ding machen" zu können, sich im sozialen Nahraum oder gesellschaftlich einbringen zu können. Die vorliegende Buchreihe versucht Schneisen in das Dickicht der Debatte zu schlagen und stellt grundsätzliche Fragen nach dem Menschenbild in der Grundeinkommensdebatte, der Funktion eines Grundeinkommens, dem Verhältnis von (Erwerbs)Arbeit und Grundeinkommen sowie nach den Bedingungen des Einbaus eines bedingungslosen Grundeinkommens in das bestehende soziale Sicherungssystem. Nikolaus Dimmel und Karl A. Immervoll beschäftigen sich seit Jahren mit Fragen von Grundeinkommen und Grundsicherung, der eine aus Sicht von Wissenschaft und Sozialpolitik, der andere im Rahmen der konkreten Begleitung von Personen als Betriebsseelsorger." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Ein Bürgergeld für alle?: Geschichte und Zukunft eines liberalen Vorschlags (2025)
Gerhardt, Klaus-Uwe;Zitatform
Gerhardt, Klaus-Uwe (2025): Ein Bürgergeld für alle? Geschichte und Zukunft eines liberalen Vorschlags. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 372 S.
Abstract
"Vor mehr als zwei Jahrhunderten wurden in England Lohnzuschüsse für Geringverdienende und Arbeitslose eingeführt. Das als Speenhamland bekannte System wurde gelobt, kritisiert und persifliert. Nach dem Stand der Forschung trugen nicht nur niedrige Energie- und Transportkosten, sondern auch relativ hohe Löhne und Lohnsubventionen zum Vorsprung der britischen Wirtschaft bei, da sie die Massenkaufkraft steigerten. Diese Studie analysiert das Speenhamland-System, seine Funktionsweise und Auswirkungen, und untersucht, warum es trotz positiver Effekte nach 40 Jahren abgeschafft wurde. Die Analyse bietet ein differenziertes Verständnis des Potenzials von Grundeinkommenspolitiken zur Bewältigung sozialer Ungleichheit und der Klimakrise." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis -
Literaturhinweis
Partial basic income has positive and no heterogenous effects on mental health – An analysis of the Finnish basic income randomized experiment among people in unemployment (2025)
Zitatform
Hiilamo, Aapo & Moritz Oberndorfer (2025): Partial basic income has positive and no heterogenous effects on mental health – An analysis of the Finnish basic income randomized experiment among people in unemployment. (MPIDR working paper / Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research 2025-035), Rostock, 30 S. DOI:10.4054/MPIDR-WP-2025-035
Abstract
"A randomized trial of a partial basic income scheme for the population in unemployment in Finland was conducted in 2017–2018. No studies to date that we are aware of have investigated to what extent the effects of the trial on self-reported mental health were heterogeneous. This is an important question for understanding the implications of basic income schemes for the distribution of mental health in a population. We studied effect heterogeneity using data from a survey conducted at the end of the two-year experiment with a response rate of 20% (intervention n=569, control n=1028). Mental health was measured by the MHI-5 five-item instrument. We considered effect heterogeneity across potential indicators of labor market disadvantages, including age, gender, education, prior employment status, household size, and family type. Participants in the intervention group had moderately better mental health compared with those in the control group (adjusted risk difference for poor mental health -0.08 [95%CI: -0.12; -0.03]). Multilevel modelling and causal forest showed no evidence for heterogenous effects on mental health. Our results suggest that basic incomes schemes have no harmful effects on mental health across multiple potential axes of labor market disadvantage, and are unlikely to increase mental health inequalities among people in unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Health effects of cash transfers: Evidence from the Finnish basic income experiment (2025)
Zitatform
Hämäläinen, Kari, Miska Simanainen & Jouko Verho (2025): Health effects of cash transfers: Evidence from the Finnish basic income experiment. In: Journal of Public Economics, Jg. 250. DOI:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2025.105480
Abstract
"This study provides causal evidence that cash transfer programs have the potential to alleviate the income–health trap in advanced countries. We analyze the Finnish basic income experiment, which replaced the minimum unemployment benefits with a guaranteed income for 2,000 randomly selected unemployed persons during the years 2017–2018. The guaranteed income removed all job–search requirements, but participants could still choose to claim unemployment benefits and comply with related obligations. The experiment also increased average income by 9 %–11 %, for two reasons: basic income payments overlapped with benefits due from the pre-experiment period, and basic income was not tapered against labor earnings. Using register data on all prescription medications and secondary care visits, we find that the experiment reduced psychotropic drug use by 8 %–11 %. Our results also suggest a decline in outpatient mental health visits for secondary care. No effects were detected for other health outcomes. Since most participants opted out of the unconditionality aspect of the experiment and continued to claim unemployment benefits, we attribute the observed health effects primarily to the increased income." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.) ((en))