Mehrfachbeschäftigung
Mehrfachbeschäftigung tritt in vielen Erscheinungsformen auf, beispielsweise in der Kombination von sozialversicherungspflichtiger Hauptbeschäftigung mit einer geringfügigen Nebentätigkeit oder auch in der selteneren Kombination von mehreren Minijobs. Die individuellen Gründe für die Aufnahme von Mehrfachbeschäftigungen sind noch nicht umfassend erforscht. Als institutioneller Anstoß kann die Änderung der gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen für Mini- und Midi-Jobs gesehen werden. Die Infoplattform bietet Literaturhinweise und Links zum aktuellen Stand der wissenschaftlichen Analyse in Deutschland und im internationalen Bereich.
Zurück zur Übersicht-
Literaturhinweis
Ride-Hail Drivers, Taxi Drivers and Multiple Jobholders: Who Takes the Most Risks and Why? (2023)
Lefcoe, Alexandra D.; Gellatly, Ian R.; Connelly, Catherine E.;Zitatform
Lefcoe, Alexandra D., Catherine E. Connelly & Ian R. Gellatly (2023): Ride-Hail Drivers, Taxi Drivers and Multiple Jobholders: Who Takes the Most Risks and Why? In: Work, Employment and Society online erschienen am 05.08.2023. DOI:10.1177/09500170231185212
Abstract
"Little is known about how the use of ride-hail apps (e.g. Uber, Lyft) affects drivers’ propensity to engage in risky behaviours. Drawing on labour process theory, this study examines how algorithmic control of ride-hail drivers encourages risky driving (i.e. violating road safety rules, carrying weapons). Furthermore, the theory of work precarity is used to explain why multiple jobholders (MJHers), who work for ride-hail companies, drive taxis and hold other jobs, may be more likely to take risks while driving due to income insecurity and erratic work hours. The hypotheses are tested in a sample (N = 191) of ride-hail drivers, taxi drivers and MJHers. The results suggest that MJHers are more likely to engage in risky driving in comparison to ride-hail and taxi drivers. Theoretical, practical and policy implications are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Multiple job-holding: Career pathway or dire straits? (2023)
Zitatform
Pouliakas, Konstantinos & Wieteke S. Conen (2023): Multiple job-holding: Career pathway or dire straits? (IZA world of labor 356), Bonn, 10 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.356
Abstract
"Multiple job-holding, or “moonlighting”, is an important form of atypical employment in most economies. New forms of work, driven by digitalization, may enable its future growth. However, many misconceptions exist, including the belief that multiple job-holders are only low-skilled individuals who moonlight primarily for financial reasons, or that the practice increases during economic downturns. Recent literature highlights the significant links between moonlighting and job mobility. Multiple job-holding allows for the development of workers’ skills and spurs entrepreneurship." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
'It was doing my head in': Low-paid multiple employment and zero hours work (2023)
Zitatform
Smith, Andrew & Jo McBride (2023): 'It was doing my head in': Low-paid multiple employment and zero hours work. In: BJIR, Jg. 61, H. 1, S. 3-23. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12689
Abstract
"This article explores the lived experiences and working time complexities of low-paid workers in legitimate multiple employment and zero hours work. Based on detailed qualitative research, these workers have 2, 3, 4, 5 and even 7 different jobs out of necessity due to low-pay, unpredictable working hours and employment precarity. The research reveals that workers need to be available for (potential) work at any point but may not actually be offered any hours, which we argue constitutes unremunerated labour time. The findings highlight a densification of working time with zero hours work as employers maximize productive effort into specifically numbered, demarcated and minimized working hours, which tightens the porosity of labour. There is a dual fragmentation and individualization of employment, as these workers traverse multiple, expansive, complex and dynamic temporalities of work. This study identifies new economic and temporal indeterminacies of labour, which fundamentally transform the employment relationship and wage-effort bargain." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Staged entrepreneurship: the formation of hybrid and spawning entrepreneurial intentions (2022)
Zitatform
Brändle, Leif & Andreas Kuckertz (2022): Staged entrepreneurship: the formation of hybrid and spawning entrepreneurial intentions. In: Journal of business economics, Jg. 92, H. 6, S. 955-996. DOI:10.1007/s11573-021-01074-5
Abstract
"Most individuals find their way into entrepreneurship through combinations of self-employment and paid employment. However, prior research on entrepreneurial intentions has overlooked intended career transitions. Drawing on social cognitive career theory, we argue that, against the background of personal and environmental factors, individuals form career intentions that involve the combination of and transition between paid employment and self-employment. Such staged entrepreneurial intentions include the delay of entrepreneurial entry by intermediate stages of paid employment (i.e., spawning entrepreneurial intentions) or immediate entrepreneurial entry in parallel combination with paid employment at established organizations (i.e., hybrid entrepreneurial intentions). We test these theoretical ideas based on a survey involving 1003 individuals prior to career entry. The results indicate that individuals proactively align their envisioned career stages according to expected socio-cognitive enablers and barriers (i.e., their entrepreneurial self-efficacy, personal attitudes to entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and socioeconomic status). Notably, we find that individuals with lower levels of perceived social support for an entrepreneurial career more likely intend to combine their existing entrepreneurial activities with a conventional career at an established organization. Furthermore, individuals from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds as well as women are more likely to delay entrepreneurial entry by starting their professional careers in paid employment. The study's primary contribution is the introduction of a novel perspective on entrepreneurial intentions based on individuals' intended career transitions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Wage Posting or Wage Bargaining? A Test Using Dual Jobholders (2022)
Zitatform
Lachowska, Marta, Alexandre Mas, Raffaele D. Saggio & Stephen A. Woodbury (2022): Wage Posting or Wage Bargaining? A Test Using Dual Jobholders. (Upjohn Institute working paper 359), Kalamazoo, Mich., 46 S. DOI:10.17848/wp22-359
Abstract
"This paper examines the behavior of dual jobholders to test a simple model of wage bargaining and wage posting. We estimate the sensitivity of wages and separation rates to wage shocks in a worker's secondary job to assess the degree of bargaining versus wage posting in the labor market. We interpret the evidence within a model where workers facing hours constraints in their primary job may take a second, flexible-hours job for additional income. When a secondary job offers a sufficiently high wage, a worker either bargains with the primary employer for a wage increase or separates. The model provides a number of predictions that we test using matched employer-employee administrative data from Washington State. In the aggregate, wage bargaining appears to be a limited determinant of wage setting. The estimated wage response to improved outside options, which we interpret as bargaining, is precisely estimated, but qualitatively small. Wage posting appears to be more important than bargaining for wage determination overall, and especially in lower parts of the wage distribution. Observed wage bargaining takes place mainly among workers in the highest wage quartile. For this group, improved outside options translate to higher wages, but not higher separation rates. In contrast, for workers in the lowest wage quartile, wage increases in the secondary job lead to higher separation rates but no significant wage increase in the primary job, consistent with wage posting. We also find evidence in support of the hours-constraint model for dual jobholding. In particular, work hours in the primary job do not respond to wages in the secondary job, but hours and separations in the secondary job are sensitive to wages in the primary job due to income effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Wage Posting or Wage Bargaining? A Test Using Dual Jobholders (2022)
Zitatform
Lachowska, Marta, Alexandre Mas, Raffaele D. Saggio & Stephen A. Woodbury (2022): Wage Posting or Wage Bargaining? A Test Using Dual Jobholders. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 40, H. S1, S. S469-S493. DOI:10.1086/718321
Abstract
"We employ a revealed preference test to distinguish between wage posting and wage bargaining. Using a sample of dual jobholders in Washington State, we estimate the sensitivity of wages and separation rates to wage shocks in a secondary job. In lower parts of the wage distribution, improvements in the outside option lead to higher separations rates but not to higher wages, consistent with wage posting. In the highest wage quartile, improved outside options translate to higher wages but not higher separation rates, consistent with bargaining. In the aggregate, bargaining appears to be a limited determinant of wage setting." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Second job holding in Germany – a persistent feature? (2022)
Lentge, Philipp;Zitatform
Lentge, Philipp (2022): Second job holding in Germany – a persistent feature? (University of Lüneburg Working paper series in economics 416), Lüneburg, 37 S.
Abstract
"This paper investigates the persistence and determinants of second job holding in Germany, especially marginal second jobs, following a legislative change allowing extensive dispensation of marginal second jobs from taxes and social security contributions. I document an upward trend in second job holding driven in particular by women. Moreover I find strong evidence for the persistence of second job holding using a dynamic panel model. Further, I identify significant gender differences in the decision to moonlight, where especially women in the lower part of the earnings distribution and women with few years of tenure are most likely to take up a second job." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Increasing Hours Worked: Moonlighting Responses to a Large Tax Reform (2022)
Tazhitdinova, Alissa;Zitatform
Tazhitdinova, Alissa (2022): Increasing Hours Worked: Moonlighting Responses to a Large Tax Reform. In: American Economic Journal. Economic Policy, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 473-500. DOI:10.1257/pol.20190786
Abstract
"Moonlighting is increasingly popular in OECD countries, with 5 to 10 percent of workers holding two or more jobs. However, little is known about the responsiveness of moonlighting to financial incentives due to the lack of identifying variation. This paper studies a unique reform in Germany that allowed workers to hold small secondary jobs tax-free, decreasing the marginal tax rate by between 19.5 to 66 pp. I show that the reform resulted in a dramatic increase in moonlighting that was not offset by reductions in primary earnings and that hours constraints are a key determinant of moonlighting." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
frühere (möglicherweise abweichende) Version erschienen als: NBER working paper, 27726Weiterführende Informationen
-
Literaturhinweis
A New Measure of Multiple Jobholding in the U.S. Economy (2021)
Bailey, Keith A.; Spletzer, James R.;Zitatform
Bailey, Keith A. & James R. Spletzer (2021): A New Measure of Multiple Jobholding in the U.S. Economy. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 71. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2021.102009
Abstract
"We create a measure of multiple jobholding from the U.S. Census Bureau's Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics data. This new series shows that 7.8 percent of persons in the U.S. are multiple jobholders, this percentage is pro-cyclical, and has been trending upward during the past several decades. The data also show that earnings from secondary jobs are, on average, 27.8 percent of a multiple jobholder's total quarterly earnings. Multiple jobholding occurs at all levels of earnings, with both higher- and lower-earnings multiple jobholders earning more than 25 percent of their total earnings from multiple jobs. In a regression analysis that controls for age, gender, and industry, multiple jobholders earn more at all jobs than do non-multiple jobholders. These new statistics tell us that multiple jobholding is more important in the U.S. economy than we knew." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2021 Elsevier) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Dilemma Work: Problem-Solving Multiple Work Roles Into One Work Life (2021)
Zitatform
Chong, Phillipa K. (2021): Dilemma Work: Problem-Solving Multiple Work Roles Into One Work Life. In: Work and occupations, Jg. 48, H. 4, S. 432-469. DOI:10.1177/07308884211017623
Abstract
"Scholars have observed workers combining multiple work roles to earn a living to cope with the vicissitudes of the labor market. In studies of creative labor markets, this trend of workers broadening of their skills is termed “occupational generalism”. Previous scholarship has focused on the structural factors that push and pull workers into generalizing and combining multiple work roles. But we lack an understanding of the subjective experience of work as a generalist. I introduce the concept of dilemma work: a form of problem-solving wherein workers who have generalized their work portfolios, attempt to rationalize their professional practices to overcome conflicts that arise from occupying multiple work roles. Drawing on in-depth interviews with professional writers who also freelance as book reviewers, I find that these generalists use three dilemma work strategies: anchoring another role to guide action in the current one; incorporating multiple roles under a higher role or purpose; and compartmentalizing roles in order to act exclusively within a single identity. I propose the general value of a typology of dilemma work for understanding workers’ experience both within artistic labor markets, and beyond." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
A panel study of the consequences of multiple jobholding: enrichment and depletion effects (2021)
Conen, Wieteke; Stein, Jonas;Zitatform
Conen, Wieteke & Jonas Stein (2021): A panel study of the consequences of multiple jobholding: enrichment and depletion effects. In: Transfer, Jg. 27, H. 2, S. 219-236. DOI:10.1177/1024258920985417
Abstract
"Der vorliegende Artikel leistet einen Beitrag zur Forschung über die erwerbsbiographische Einbettung multipler Arbeitsverhältnisse. Wir untersuchen die Übergangs- und Dauereffekte der Mehrfachbeschäftigung in finanzieller und nicht-finanzieller Hinsicht sowie die Rolle flexibler Arbeitsregelungen und der häuslichen Situation. Zu diesem Zweck analysieren wir Paneldaten aus Deutschland, dem Vereinigten Königreich und den Niederlanden für den Zeitraum 2002 bis 2017. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung wirtschaftlicher Faktoren für die Entscheidung, mehrere berufliche Tätigkeiten auszuüben, und zeigen, dass der Arbeitsmarktkontext eine wichtige Rolle für die Ergebnisse spielt. Die Paneldaten lassen außerdem negative Auswirkungen auf das Wohlbefinden derjenigen erkennen, die mehrere berufliche Tätigkeiten ausüben und Kinder haben. Für den überwiegenden Anteil der Arbeitnehmer ist die Mehrfachbeschäftigung eher eine kurzfristige Episode. Daraus ergibt sich die Frage, ob diese Zeiten der multiplen Arbeitsverhältnisse entweder als eindeutig bereichernd oder belastend erlebt werden oder einfach nur ein Intermezzo in der gesamten Erwerbsbiographie sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
When two (or more) do not equal one: an analysis of the changing nature of multiple and single jobholding in Europe (2021)
Conen, Wieteke; de Beer, Paul;Zitatform
Conen, Wieteke & Paul de Beer (2021): When two (or more) do not equal one: an analysis of the changing nature of multiple and single jobholding in Europe. In: Transfer, Jg. 27, H. 2, S. 165-180. DOI:10.1177/10242589211002630
Abstract
"Ausmaß und Struktur multipler Arbeitsverhältnisse und ihre Konsequenzen für Menschen in Mehrfachbeschäftigung ändern sich in zahlreichen westlichen Volkswirtschaften. Zurzeit stehen nur begrenzte quantitative empirische Erkenntnisse über die sich ändernden Merkmale multipler Arbeitsverhältnisse und über die Frage zur Verfügung, ob sich die ökonomisch prekäre Lage von Menschen im Laufe der Zeit geändert hat. In dem vorliegenden Artikel befassen wir uns in erster Linie mit der Situation von Menschen in Mehrfachbeschäftigung und den für sie geltenden Trends im Vergleich zum „klassischen” Arbeitnehmer oder Arbeitnehmerin in Europa mit nur einem Arbeitsplatz. Dazu untersuchen wir die Arbeitszeiten und gehen außerdem den Fragen nach, ob Arbeitnehmer:innen gern längere Arbeitszeiten hätten und ob sie trotz ihrer Beschäftigung von Armut bedroht sind. Zu diesem Zweck untersuchen wir Daten, die seit Anfang der 2000er Jahre im Rahmen der EU-Arbeitskräfteerhebung und der EU-Statistik über Einkommen und Lebensbedingungen erfasst wurden. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass multiple Arbeitsverhältnisse ein signifikantes und um sich greifendes Phänomen in den Arbeitsmärkten zahlreicher hoch entwickelter Volkswirtschaften sind, wobei sich die Merkmale ständig ändern. Das gilt zum Beispiel für die geschlechtsspezifische Verteilung und Kombination dieser Arbeitsverträge. Die Armutsgefährdung von Erwerbstätigen ist in atypischen Arbeitsverhältnissen relativ hoch, aber die Ergebnisse belegen keinen negativen Trend. Armut trotz Erwerbstätigkeit scheint bei Single-Arbeitnehmer:innen und Arbeitnehmer:innen in atypischen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen zuzunehmen, dies gilt sowohl für Beschäftigte mit nur einem Job als auch für Mehrfachbeschäftigte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Adapting social protection to the needs of multiple jobholders in Denmark, the United Kingdom and Germany (2021)
Jerg, Lukas; Buschoff, Karin Schulze; O'Reilly, Jacqueline;Zitatform
Jerg, Lukas, Jacqueline O'Reilly & Karin Schulze Buschoff (2021): Adapting social protection to the needs of multiple jobholders in Denmark, the United Kingdom and Germany. In: Transfer, Jg. 27, H. 2, S. 237-253. DOI:10.1177/1024258921991039
Abstract
"Mehrfachbeschäftigungen stellen besondere Anforderungen an die soziale Absicherung, die sich deutlich von denen der abhängigen Beschäftigungen und der Selbstständigkeit unterscheiden. Um zu untersuchen, ob und inwieweit sich die Systeme der sozialen Absicherung auf diese Anforderungen einstellen, haben wir für Fallstudien drei Länder mit unterschiedlichem Ausmaß und Trends hinsichtlich der Mehrfachbeschäftigungen ausgewählt: Dänemark, das Vereinigte Königreich und Deutschland. Vor dem Hintergrund politischer Rahmenbedingungen zeigen wir Defizite in der sozialen Absicherung von Mehrfachbeschäftigten in diesen Ländern vor und während der COVID-19-Pandemie auf. Wir gehen der Frage nach, inwieweit die neu entstehende Plattformökonomie diese Defizite noch verstärkt. Ein Ergebnis unserer Analysen ist, dass die Herangehensweise der Beseitigung der Defizite der sozialen Absicherung die unterschiedlichen Eigenarten der nationalen Beschäftigungssysteme widerspiegelt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Multiple job holding in the changing labour market – evidence from Finland (2021)
Kauhanen, Merja;Zitatform
Kauhanen, Merja (2021): Multiple job holding in the changing labour market – evidence from Finland. (Työpapereita / Työn ja talouden tutkimus LABORE 331), Helsinki, 29 S.
Abstract
"Multiple job holding concerns a considerable share of workers in the Finnish labour market, yet there is still only scarce research on its determinants and even less research that would take into account the heterogeneity within the group of multiple job holders. Utilising large register-based panel data from the 2010's this paper studies determinants of multiple job holding treating multiple job holders as one group and of different types of multiple job holding, and also investigates its permanence. The paper finds that men, younger, more educated and living in countryside are more likely to hold multiple jobs relative to the reference groups. For wage and salary earners having temporary contract and part-time work are strongly positively associated with multiple job holding. Economic necessity seems to be an important driver for multiple job holding albeit not for all groups. There is also quite a lot of heterogeneity in the determinants of different types of multiple job holding." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Der Trend zur Zweitbeschäftigung: Nur eine Frage des Geldes? (2021)
Monsef, Roschan; Schmidt, Jörg; Schäfer, Holger;Zitatform
Monsef, Roschan, Holger Schäfer & Jörg Schmidt (2021): Der Trend zur Zweitbeschäftigung: Nur eine Frage des Geldes? In: IW-Trends, Jg. 48, H. 2, S. 45-67. DOI:10.2373/1864-810X.21-02-03
Abstract
"Arbeitnehmer gehen in den letzten Jahren deutlich häufiger einer Nebentätigkeit nach. Daher untersucht die vorliegende Studie, ob Nebentätigkeiten primär zur Vermeidung einer sozialen Notlage ausgeübt werden. Eine empirische Analyse zeigt, dass sich die Motivlage bei Mehrfachbeschäftigten – Arbeitnehmer mit abhängiger Nebentätigkeit – und Hybridbeschäftigten – Arbeitnehmer mit selbstständiger Nebentätigkeit – deutlich unterscheidet. So weisen 41 Prozent der Hybridbeschäftigten einen Hochschulabschluss auf, deutlich mehr als der Anteil bei Einfach- und Mehrfachbeschäftigten. Ihr Einkommen im Haupterwerb fällt überdurchschnittlich aus. Bei Mehrfachbeschäftigten dürften finanzielle Aspekte dagegen eine zentrale Rolle spielen, da ihr Bruttostundenlohn im Haupterwerb geringer als der von Arbeitnehmern ohne Nebenbeschäftigung ist und sie dort zu einem deutlich höheren Anteil in Teilzeit beschäftigt sind. Wird das Gesamteinkommen im Haushalt einschließlich der Einkünfte aus Nebentätigkeiten betrachtet, sind keine nennenswerten Unterschiede zu Einfachbeschäftigten zu erkennen. Weitergehende Analysen zeigen, dass Beschäftigte mit geringeren Einkommen im Haupterwerb auch unter sonst gleichen Bedingungen tendenziell höhere Wahrscheinlichkeiten aufweisen, mehrfachbeschäftigt zu sein. Dies gilt allerdings nicht, wenn auch die Einkommen aus Nebentätigkeiten berücksichtigt werden. Würden demnach durch politische Interventionen beispielsweise Minijobs im Nebenerwerb unattraktiver, könnten damit die sozialen Risiken für Betroffene ansteigen, deren Verdienstmöglichkeiten im Haupterwerb begrenzt sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Multiple jobholding in Europe: features and effects of primary job quality (2021)
Zitatform
Piasna, Agnieszka, Marcello Pedaci & Jan Czarzasty (2021): Multiple jobholding in Europe: features and effects of primary job quality. In: Transfer, Jg. 27, H. 2, S. 181-199. DOI:10.1177/1024258920958836
Abstract
"Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen der Arbeitsplatzqualität der primären beruflichen Tätigkeit und der Bereitschaft, weiteren bezahlten Nebentätigkeiten nachzugehen. Die Analyse umfasst Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer aus 28 europäischen Ländern und verwendet Daten der EWCS (Europäische Erhebung über Arbeitsbedingungen) 2010-2015. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Arbeitnehmer und Arbeitnehmerinnen, deren primäre berufliche Tätigkeit von wirtschaftlicher und beruflicher Unsicherheit geprägt ist, eher zur Ausübung einer weiteren bezahlten Nebentätigkeit neigen. Personen mit mehreren Tätigkeiten berichten über höheren Druck und häufigere unsoziale Arbeitszeiten in ihrer primären beruflichen Tätigkeit, aber auch über mehr Kontrolle und Flexibilität hinsichtlich ihrer Arbeitszeiten, mehr Autonomie und mehr Möglichkeiten, eigene Kompetenzen zur Geltung zu bringen; letzteres lässt sich in erster Linie durch Faktoren der Zusammensetzung der Arbeitnehmerschaft und ihrer Arbeitsplätze erklären. Es ist weiterhin evident, dass Personen mit mehreren Tätigkeiten ganz unterschiedliche Arbeitserfahrungen machen und diese Personen auf Basis der Qualität ihrer primären beruflichen Tätigkeit in sechs Cluster eingeteilt werden können. Das deutet darauf hin, dass die Ausübung mehrerer beruflicher Tätigkeiten durch unterschiedliche Motivationen und Faktoren bestimmt wird. Schließlich konnten wir länderübergreifend eine beträchtliche Bandbreite der Arbeitsplatzqualität bei Personen mit mehreren beruflichen Tätigkeiten feststellen, wobei die negativsten Ergebnisse in den stärker segmentierten Arbeitsmärkten mit einem hohen Anteil atypischer Beschäftigungsverhältnisse zu finden sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
'Working to Live, Not Living to Work': Low-Paid Multiple Employment and Work–Life Articulation (2021)
Zitatform
Smith, Andrew & Jo McBride (2021): 'Working to Live, Not Living to Work': Low-Paid Multiple Employment and Work–Life Articulation. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 35, H. 2, S. 256-276. DOI:10.1177/0950017020942645
Abstract
"This article critically examines how low-paid workers, who need to work in more than one legitimate job to make ends meet, attempt to reconcile work and life. The concept of work-life articulation is utilised to investigate the experiences, strategies and practicalities of combining multiple employment with domestic and care duties. Based on detailed qualitative research, the findings reveal workers with two, three, four, five and even seven different jobs due to low-pay, limited working hours and employment instability. The study highlights the increasing variability of working hours, together with the dual fragmentation of working time and employment. It identifies unique dimensions of work extensification, as these workers have an amalgamation of jobs dispersed across fragmented, expansive and complex temporalities and spatialities. This research makes explicit the interconnected economic and temporal challenges of low-pay, insufficient hours and precarious employment, which creates significant challenges of juggling multiple jobs with familial responsibilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Privilege or necessity? The working lives of People with multiple jobs: Working conditions (2020)
Cabrita, Jorge; Biletta, Isabella; Weber, Tina; Brandsma, Nils;Zitatform
Cabrita, Jorge & Nils Brandsma (2020): Privilege or necessity? The working lives of People with multiple jobs. Working conditions. (Eurofound policy brief), Dublin, 21 S. DOI:10.2806/162748
Abstract
"Although a small proportion of the EU workforce holds down more than one job, it is worth understanding the phenomenon better, not only because it is growing by degrees, but also because of the impact it can have on workers’ health and well-being and what it can tell us about the labour market. While there can be positive facets to multiple-job holding – it can, for example, be a stepping stone for career development – it can also have undesirable consequences for workers’ physical and mental health if it entails very long working hours and poor work–life balance. This policy brief examines the prevalence of multiple-job holding in the EU, its main characteristics and the job quality of the workers who do it. One of the main findings is that multiple-job holding is different for women and men, and also varies significantly with age and income." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Income Taxation and Dual Job Labour Supply (2020)
Zitatform
Choe, Chung, Ronald L. Oaxaca & Francesco Renna (2020): Income Taxation and Dual Job Labour Supply. (IZA discussion paper 13107), Bonn, 31 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines the effects of increasing marginal tax rates on labour supply in a setting in which workers may hold two jobs and may be constrained in their weekly hours on their main jobs. A panel data, multi-equation labour supply model is estimated with correction for tax system endogeneity and multi-sample selection in a correlated random effects framework. Data come from the British Household Panel Survey. The effects of counterfactual increases in marginal tax rates are obtained from Gauss-Seidel simulations of labour supply embedded in a tax system with allowances, tax credits, and child benefits. Labour supply to the main job is reduced by increased marginal tax rates while labour supply to the second job is increased. On net total labour supply is reduced. These effects diminish with increased marginal tax rates. In addition there are labour force withdrawal effects as well as transitions from dual job holding to unitary job holding in response to increased marginal tax rates." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Multiple jobholding in Europe: structure and dynamics (2020)
Conen, Wieteke;Zitatform
Conen, Wieteke (2020): Multiple jobholding in Europe. Structure and dynamics. (WSI study 20), Düsseldorf, 59 S.
Abstract
"This study documents the results of a research project examining where, when and how multiple jobholding has changed in Europe over the past decades. The research was conducted by a research team from the University of Amsterdam (UvA AIAS-HSI) and addresses changes in individual and occupational features as well as the quality of multiple jobholders’ work. The study describes multiple jobholding against the backdrop of an increasingly flexible and fragmented world of work, and, thus, relates the debate on multiple jobholders’ motives, mobility and job out-comes to labour market flexibilisation and fragmentation. The project is part of the European research network “Hybridisation of Work”, which is organized by the Economic and Social Science institute (WSI) of the Hans-Böckler-Foundation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))