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Betzelt, Sigrid (2023): Teilhabe am Arbeitsmarkt stärken – inklusiv und zielgruppengerecht. In: Sozialer Fortschritt, Jg. 72, H. 9–10, S. 769-773. DOI:10.3790/sfo.72.9-10.769

Abstract

"Zur Prävention der Entstehung und Verfestigung von LZA ist die angekündigte arbeitsmarktpolitische Qualifizierungsoffensive notwendig, aber nicht hinreichend. Die berufliche Aus- und Weiterbildung muss ausgebaut werden, doch auch die Steuerung des Weiterbildungssektors gehört auf den Prüfstand. (...) In Anbetracht der o. g. strukturellen Ursachen von LZA bedarf es einer klugen Infrastruktur- und Wirtschaftspolitik, gerade in strukturschwachen Regionen und angesichts aktueller Transformationsprozesse. Dabei sollten keineswegs nur neue Industrieansiedlungen angestrebt werden, sondern auch ein Ausbau öffentlicher Infrastruktur für alle essenziellen Lebensbereiche. Ein gut ausgebauter öffentlicher bzw. gemeinnütziger Sektor erhöht die Attraktivität von Regionen, bietet sozialökologisch wertvolle Beschäftigung und reduziert soziale Ungleichheiten. Eine aus ökologischen Gründen erforderliche längerfristige Umsteuerung des derzeitigen Produktions- und Konsummodells kann alternative Wege gesellschaftlicher Inklusion beinhalten. Auf absehbare Zeit kommt der Erwerbsarbeit weiterhin die zentrale Vergesellschaftungsfunktion zu. Eine lediglich monetäre Mindestsicherung würde kaum gesellschaftliche Teilhabe ermöglichen, aber soziale Ungleichheiten und Problemlagen vertiefen. Anstatt des überkommenen Aktivierungsregimes bedarf es einer emanzipatorischen, zielgruppengerechten Inklusionsstrategie." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Destefanis, Sergio, Matteo Fragetta & Nazzareno Ruggiero (2023): Active and passive labor-market policies: the outlook from the Beveridge curve. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 55, H. 55, S. 6538-6550. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2022.2159010

Abstract

"Following a panel ARDL approach, we appraise the impact of various indicators of active and passive labor-market policies within the framework of the Beveridge curve across fourteen OECD countries from 1985 to 2013, controlling for other factors, both institutional (tax wedge) and structural (technological progress, globalization). We embed the role of these variables within the specification of the Beveridge curve, finding that the generosity of unemployment benefits has a detrimental impact on labor-market matching, with the duration of benefits and the strictness of the rules pertaining to the deployment of benefits taking a key role in driving this result. Among active labor-market policies, employment incentives and especially training have a favourable effect on matching. There is evidence of a virtuous interaction between active and passive policies. A significantly detrimental role emerges for the tax wedge. These results are consistent across various specifications, and structural relationships are stable throughout the 2008–2013 period." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Gathmann, Christina, Hans-Martin von Gaudecker & Regina T. Riphahn (2023): Arbeitsmarktdaten: Gesetzesänderungen gefordert. In: Wirtschaftsdienst, Jg. 103, H. 11, S. 729-732. DOI:10.2478/wd-2023-0203

Abstract

"Exzellente empirische Forschung und evidenzbasierte Politikberatung benötigen hochwertige Daten. Forschende bewerten die Verfügbarkeit und Qualität von Daten in Deutschland als unzureichend, obwohl es in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten beim Zugang zu Arbeitsmarkt- und Sozialversicherungsdaten Verbesserungen gab. Die Infrastruktur von Forschungsdatenzentren hat den Zugang zu Forschungsdaten im Rahmen enger gesetzlicher Regelungen erleichtert. Die heutigen Datenbedarfe gehen deutlich darüber hinaus: Die Gesetzeslage selbst muss angepasst werden, um leistungsstarke Forschung zu ermöglichen und Politik und Gesellschaft verlässlich auf wissenschaftlicher Basis beraten zu können." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Haug, Kristian Bloch (2023): Structuring the scattered literature on algorithmic profiling in the case of unemployment through a systematic literature review. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 43, H. 5/6, S. 454-472. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-03-2022-0085

Abstract

"Purpose: This article examines the overlooked literature on algorithmic profiling in public employment services (APPES) in the field of public administration. More specifically, it aims to provide an overview and connections to identify directions for future research. Design/methodology/approach: To understand the existing literature, this article conducts the first systematic literature review on APPES. Through inductive coding of the identified studies, the analysis identifies concepts and themes, and the relationships among them. Findings: The literature review shows that APPES constitutes an emerging field of research encompassed by four strands and associated research disciplines. Further, the data analysis identifies 23 second-order themes, five dimensions and ten interrelationships, thus suggesting that the practices and effects of algorithmic profiling are multidimensional and dynamic. Research limitations/implications: The findings demonstrate the importance of future research on APPES undertaking a holistic approach. Studying certain dimensions and interrelationships in isolation risks overlooking mutually vital aspects, resulting in findings of limited relevance. A holistic approach entails considering both the technical and social effects of APPES. Originality/value: This literature review contributes by connecting the existing literature across different research approaches and disciplines." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))

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Sowula, Jakub, Franziska Gehrig, Lyle A. Scruggs, Martin Seeleib-Kaiser & Gabriela Ramalho Tafoya (2023): The end of welfare states as we know them? A multidimensional perspective. In: Social Policy and Administration online erschienen am 20.12.2023. DOI:10.1111/spol.12990

Abstract

"This article highlights the limitations of unidimensional analyses in the comparative welfare state literature and emphasises the need for a more holistic, multidimensional approach incorporating social spending, welfare state outputs and outcomes. To illustrate the utility of a multidimensional approach, we examine the long‐term welfare state trajectories of Sweden and Germany, prototypical social‐democratic and conservative welfare states, respectively, and compare them against the baseline of Europe's prototypical liberal welfare state, the United Kingdom. The social spending (expenditure) and output (generosity) allowed us to identify significant changes in the Swedish welfare state (i.e., retrenchment). The outcome dimension alerts us to a policy drift in the German Welfare State, as relatively stable public spending and welfare generosity until the first half of the 2000s were nonetheless associated with sharply increased inequality and poverty. Overall, our findings suggest that a holistic, multidimensional approach is necessary to fully understand the complexities of welfare state change and continuity, as focusing solely on one dimension can lead to analytical misjudgments. The sharp rise in inequality and poverty across countries raises doubts about whether policymakers and researchers rely too much on outdated assumptions of normality that fail to meet the welfare state realities of today." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Walter, Timo (2023): German labor market reform and the rise of Eastern Europe: dissecting their effects on employment. In: Empirica, Jg. 50, H. 2, S. 351-387. DOI:10.1007/s10663-023-09569-w

Abstract

"From the early 1990s until 2005 the unemployment rate rose in Germany from 7.3 to 11.7%. While the unemployment rate reached its peak in 2005, it decreased steadily in the following years. The fourth stage of the German labor market reform (Hartz IV) was implemented in 2005 with the intent to cut the unemployment rate. This paper investigates the employment and welfare effects of the Hartz IV reform. Moreover, I am interested in the employment impact of German labor market reform due the rise of the East, which is the productivity increase in Germany and Eastern Europe that has fostered joint fast-growing trade. The focus lies on the national and county level (including 402 counties). As the effects on regional labor markets differ and take time, the paper builds on the dynamic and spatial trade model of Caliendo et al. (2019). I find that the Hartz IV reform is responsible for a 25% drop in unemployment, with a particular impact on eastern German counties. The rise of the East leads to an additional positive contribution to the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

Abstract

"Drawing on an extensive analysis of secondary literature, numerous country case studies, and the ILO's 2021 survey encompassing 94 public employment services worldwide, this report sheds light on significant insights. The report underscores that the integration of employment services within a comprehensive policy and legal framework, coupled with continuous capacity-building efforts, leads to enhanced effectiveness and long-term sustainability. Moreover, the report emphasizes the importance of synergies and harmonization between employment services, active labor market policies, social protection policies, and systems. It delves into the modernization of public employment services, extending beyond mere digitalization, by advocating for a holistic approach that assists clients in overcoming labor market and other obstacles. The report also advocates for partnerships with other labor market institutions, training organizations, and social protection entities to broaden their reach and impact." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Aumond, Romain, Valerio Di Tommaso & Gerhard Rünstler (2022): A narrative database of labour market reforms in euro area economies. (Working paper series / European Central Bank 2657), Frankfurt am Main, 61 S.

Abstract

"We present a quarterly narrative database of important labour market reforms in selected euro area economies in between 1995 and 2018 covering 60 events. We provide legal adoption and implementation dates of major reforms to employment protection legislation and unemployment benefits. Estimates based on local projections find negative short-run effects of liberalising reforms on wages, while the employment effects of reforms differ markedly across age groups and partly depend on the state of the economy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bakker, Vincent & Olaf van Vliet (2022): Social Investment, Employment and Policy and Institutional Complementarities: A Comparative Analysis across 26 OECD Countries. In: Journal of Social Policy, Jg. 51, H. 4, S. 728-750. DOI:10.1017/S0047279421000386

Abstract

"Raising employment has been at the heart of EU strategies for over twenty years. Social investment, by now a widely debated topic in the comparative welfare state literature, has been suggested as a way to pursue this. However, there are only a couple of systematic comparative analyses that focus on the employment outcomes associated with social investment. Analyses of the interdependence of these policies with regard to their outcomes are even more scarce. We empirically analyse the extent to which variation in employment rates within 26 OECD countries over the period 1990-2010 can be explained by effort on five social investment policies. We additionally explore the role of policy and institutional complementarities. Using time-series cross-section analyses we find robust evidence for a positive association between effort on ALMPs and employment rates. For other policies we obtain mixed results. ALMPs are the only policies for which we observe signs of policy interdependence, which point at diminishing marginal returns. Additionally, our analysis demonstrates that the interdependence of social investment policies varies across welfare state regimes. Together, this indicates that the employment outcomes of social investment policies are also contingent on the broader framework of welfare state policies and institutions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Celhay, Pablo, Bruce D. Meyer & Nikolas Mittag (2022): What Leads to Measurement Errors? Evidence from Reports of Program Participation in Three Surveys. (IZA discussion paper 14995), Bonn, 43 S.

Abstract

"Measurement errors are often a large source of bias in survey data. Lack of knowledge of the determinants of such errors makes it difficult for data producers to reduce the extent of errors and for data users to assess the validity of analyses using the data. We study the determinants of reporting error using high quality administrative data on government transfers linked to three major U.S. surveys. Our results support several theories of misreporting: Errors are related to event recall, forward and backward telescoping, salience of receipt, the stigma of reporting participation in welfare programs and respondent's degree of cooperation with the survey overall. We provide evidence on how survey design choices affect reporting errors. Our findings help survey users to gauge the reliability of their data and to devise estimation strategies that can correct for systematic errors, such as instrumental variable approaches. Understanding survey errors allows survey producers to reduce them by improving survey design. Our results indicate that survey producers should take into account that higher response rates as well as collecting more detailed information may have negative effects on survey accuracy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Ferragina, Emanuele & Federico Danilo Filetti (2022): Labour market protection across space and time: A revised typology and a taxonomy of countries' trajectories of change. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 32, H. 2, S. 148-165. DOI:10.1177/09589287211056222

Abstract

"We measure and interpret the evolution of labour market protection across 21 high-income countries over three decades, employing as conceptual foundations the ‘regime varieties’ and ‘trajectories of change’ developed by Esping-Andersen, Estevez-Abe, Hall and Soskice, and Thelen. We measure labour market protection considering four institutional dimensions – employment protection, unemployment protection, income maintenance and activation – and the evolution of the workforce composition. This measurement accounts for the joint evolution of labour market institutions, their complementarities and their relation to outcomes, and mitigate the unrealistic Average Production Worker assumption. We handle the multi-dimensional nature of labour market protection with Principal Component Analysis and capture the characteristics of countries’ trajectories of change with a composite score. We contribute to the literature in three ways. (1) We portray a revised typology that accounts for processes of change between 1990 and 2015, and that clusters regime varieties on the basis of coordination and solidarity levels, that is, Central/Northern European, Southern European, liberal. (2) We illustrate that, despite a persistent gap, a large majority of Coordinated Market Economies experiencing a decline in the level of labour market protection became more similar to Liberal Market Economies. (3) We develop a fivefold taxonomy of countries’ trajectories of change (liberalization, dualization, flexibility, de-dualization and higher protection), showing that these trajectories are not always path-dependent and consistent with regime varieties previously developed in the literature." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Kaps, Petra (2022): Mehr Egalität oder mehr Differenz in der Sozialpolitik? In: K. Marquardsen (Hrsg.) (2022): Armutsforschung. Handbuch für Wissenschaft und Forschung, S. 563-575.

Abstract

"Sozialpolitik dient der Verteilung bzw. Umverteilung von Ressourcen in einer Gesellschaft. Je nach normativer Orientierung kann eine Verteilung zwischen den gesellschaftlichen Gruppen in die eine oder andere Richtung stattfinden. Damit kann Sozialpolitik soziale Ungleichheit verstärken oder abschwächen. In diesem Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern Sozialpolitik zur Armutsbekämpfung bzw. Armutsvermeidung beitragen kann und ob dazu egalitäre oder differenzierende Instrumente der Sozialpolitik besser geeignet sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Nieuwenhuis, Rense (2022): No activation without reconciliation? The interplay between ALMP and ECEC in relation to women employment unemployment and inactivity in 30 OECD countries 1985-2018. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2022,04), Uppsala, 36 S.

Abstract

"Comparative welfare state research has mostly examined the outcomes of active labour market policies and work-family reconciliation policies separately. As a result, potential complementarities between these policy areas have received scant attention empirically. Using macro-level data, this study answers the question to what extent, and in which way, governments' efforts in active labour market policies (ALMP) and in early childhood education and care (ECEC) services are correlated with women's employment rates, women's unemployment and inactivity rates in 30 OECD countries from 1985 to 2018. The article theorizes about how the various policies that constitute a welfare state relate to each other, distinguishing between pluralism, complementarity and substitutability. I interpret the empirical findings as being consistent with welfare pluralism, in the sense that ALMP and ECEC policies work together in improving women's employment rates in slightly different ways: ALMP is associated with low female unemployment rates, whereas ECEC also is associated with lower inactivity rates for women. There was, however, more support for the notion of substitution rather than complementarity: the marginal benefits associated with an increase in either ALMP or ECEC were smaller in the context of large investments in the other policy. In other words, the highest rates of women's employment, and the lowest rates of unemployment and inactivity, are found in countries with large investments in both ALMP and ECEC, but such higher investments are associated with diminishing returns." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Nieuwenhuis, Rense (2022): No activation without reconciliation? The interplay between ALMP and ECEC in relation to women employment unemployment and inactivity in 30 OECD countries 1985-2018. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 56, H. 5, S. 808-826. DOI:10.1111/spol.12806

Abstract

"Comparative welfare state research as examined the outcomes of active labour market policies (ALMP) and work-family reconciliation policies by and large been separately. As a result, potential complementarities between these policy areas have received scant attention empirically. Using macro-level data, this study answers the question to what extent, and in which way, governments' efforts in ALMP and in early childhood education and care (ECEC) services are complementary to each other in promoting women's employment rates and reducing women's unemployment and inactivity rates in 30 OECD countries from 1985 to 2018. The article theorises about how the various policies that constitute a welfare state relate to each other, distinguishing between pluralism, complementarity and substitutability. These findings provide support for the notion of welfare pluralism, in the sense that ALMP and ECEC policies work together in improving women's employment rates in slightly different ways: ALMP achieve this through reducing women's unemployment rates, whereas ECEC also achieve lower inactivity rates for women. There was, however, more support for the notion of substitution rather than complementarity: the marginal benefits associated with an increase in either ALMP or ECEC were smaller in the context of large investments in the other policy. In other words, the highest rates of women's employment, and the lowest rates of unemployment and inactivity, are found in countries with large investments in both ALMP and ECEC, but such higher investments are associated with diminishing returns." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Scarano, Gianluca & Barry Colfer (2022): Linking active labour market policies to digitalisation–a review between remote and automated possibilities. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 42, H. 13/14, S. 98-112. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-02-2022-0050

Abstract

"Purpose: The purpose of this article is to develop a conceptual framework that sets out the linkages that exist between digitalisation and active labour market policies (ALMPs). Design/methodology/approach: Based on a narrative literature review, this article seeks to connect two research streams, namely that relating to ALMPs and that relating to digitalisation in the public sector. This exercise requires an understanding of both how the context of digitalisation in the public sector has evolved in relation to technological change and the identification of specific ALMPs that are more sensitive to digitalisation. Findings: Starting from the identification of ideal-types of ALMPs, “employment assistance” can be considered the type of policies most sensitive to digitalisation, looking at main forms of interventions as career guidance, profiling and job-matching tools. The first tool is closer to a technological domain of “remotisation”, while the second is closer to that of “automatisation”. Practical implications Achieving an understanding of the different degrees of sensitivity to digitalisation for various types of ALMPs is relevant for policy-making purposes to identify potential priority areas of strategic investment to enhance this sector. Originality/value: The authors present an understanding of the current state of the digitalisation of public employment services. The literature review itself allowed the authors to conclude that, despite the interests in the public and academic debate, the existing research relating to the digitalisation of public employment services remains scant. At the same time, the article points towards fertile areas for further analysis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Emerald Group) ((en))

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Spiritus, Kevin, Etienne Lehmann, Sander Renes & Floris Zoutman (2022): Optimal Taxation with Multiple Incomes and Types. (CESifo working paper 9534), München, 53 S.

Abstract

"We analyze the optimal nonlinear income tax schedule when taxpayers earn multiple incomes and differ along many unobserved dimensions. We derive the necessary conditions for the government’s optimum using both a tax perturbation and a mechanism design approach, and show that both methods produce the same results. Our main contribution is to propose a numerical method to find the optimal tax schedule. Applied to the optimal taxation of couples, we find that optimal isotax curves are very close to linear and parallel. The slope of isotax curves is strongly affected by the relative tax-elasticity of male and female income. We make several additional contributions, including a test for Pareto efficiency and a condition on primitives that ensures the government’s necessary conditions are sufficient and the solution to the problem is unique." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Fredriksson, Daniel (2021): Reducing unemployment? Examining the interplay between active labour market policies. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 55, H. 1, S. 1-17. DOI:10.1111/spol.12606

Abstract

"Active labour market policies (ALMP) are important tools that welfare states utilize to influence the labour market. This study analyses the macroeconomic effects of different types of ALMP spending on aggregate unemployment rates, and especially if there is evidence of interdependencies between policies. The types of policies scrutinized are public employment services (PES), training programs, public job creation and subsidized employment, where the PES is singled out as a crucial factor that moderates the effects of other types of labour market programs. The study examines 19 welfare states between 1985 and 2013, using error correction modelling to separate between short- and long-term effects. The results indicate that PES, training and subsidized employment reduce unemployment in the short-run, whereas PES and wage subsidies are associated with reduced unemployment when considering long-term effects. However, PES is found to have indirect effects on other policy types and increased spending on PES is shown to reinforce long-term effects of training programs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Heyes, Jason & Ludek Rychly (Hrsg.) (2021): The Governance of Labour Administration. Reforms, Innovations and Challenges. Cheltenham: Elgar, 320 S. DOI:10.4337/9781802203158

Abstract

"Focusing on public administration activities in the field of national labour policy, this timely book provides detailed analyses of labour administration reforms, innovations and challenges in different countries, including detailed case studies from Brazil, Germany, India, Japan, South Africa, Sri Lanka and the US." (Author's abstract, © Edward Elgar Publishing) ((en))

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Knuth, Matthias (2021): Transformative Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Herausforderungen der Arbeitsmarktpolitik unter den Bedingungen der "konfluenten Digitalisierung". (Hans-Böckler-Stiftung. Working paper Forschungsförderung 219), Düsseldorf, 93 S.

Abstract

"Das Zusammentreffen von Post-Corona-Krise, Digitalisierung, Energiewende, Mobilitätswende und Agrarwende erfordert eine arbeitsmarktpolitische Flankierung, die in den überkommenen Strukturen und Kategorien der Arbeitsmarktpolitik nicht darstellbar ist. Es geht weniger um neue Instrumente als vielmehr um grundlegend andere Handlungslogiken und Steuerungsformen. Da eine so weitreichende Reform der Arbeitsmarktpolitik nicht rasch genug umgesetzt werden könnte, wird für eine Übergangszeit von zehn Jahren ein Arbeitsmarktpolitisches Sonderprogramm "Transformation der Arbeitswelt" im Umfang von jährlich vier Milliarden Euro vorgeschlagen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Schöb, Ronnie (2021): Labor market policies, unemployment, and identity. Policies to help the unemployed can affect feelings of identity and well-being, so measures need to be evaluated carefully. (IZA world of labor 270), Bonn, 11 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.270.v2

Abstract

"Psychologen und Ökonomen, die sich mit Lebenszufriedenheit beschäftigen, nutzen verschiedene Maße des Wohlbefindens, um die Wirkungskanäle zu identifizieren, über die Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik die soziale Identität und das Wohlbefinden der Betroffenen beeinflussen. Menschen wieder in Arbeit zu bringen, ist in jedem Fall vorteilhafter, als sie nur für den Einkommensverlust zu entschädigen. Eine Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse unter Berücksichtigung persönlicher Identität und subjektiven Wohlbefindens kann die Wirksamkeit von Arbeitsmarktpolitik steigern und die Balance zwischen einer aktiven (Förderung der Beschäftigungsfähigkeit z. B. durch Trainingsprogramme) und passiven Unterstützung (Versicherung gegen Einkommensverlust) von Arbeitslosen verbessern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Thomsen, Johannes Ulrich (2021): Effekte arbeitsmarktpolitischer Reformen. Beschäftigung in Deutschland 1987 und 2007. (IAB-Bibliothek 373), Bielefeld: wbv, 374 S. DOI:10.3278/301044w

Abstract

"Soziale Ungleichheit ist ein zentrales Thema im gesellschaftlichen Diskurs. Sie wird zu einem großen Teil über die Erwerbstätigkeit und Integration in den Arbeitsmarkt (re-)produziert – daher kommt dem Strukturwandel des Arbeitsmarktes und den Reformen der sozialen Sicherungssysteme eine große Relevanz zu. Angesichts der Digitalisierung mit ihren künftigen Auswirkungen auf den Arbeitsmarkt spielen Analysen der bisherigen Wandlungsprozesse und Sozialreformeffekte eine wichtige Rolle als essentielle Wissensbasis für die Untersuchung und das Verständnis der anstehenden Veränderungsprozesse. Die Studie untersucht die Effekte der deutschen Arbeitsmarktreformen der vergangenen dreißig Jahre. Konnten die Reformen ein breiteres Angebot an Beschäftigungsoptionen schaffen oder hatten sie einen erkennbaren Preis wie schlechtere Beschäftigungsbedingungen? Die Analyse zeigt, inwiefern verschiedene Personengruppen oder Wirtschaftszweige betroffen sind und die Auswirkungen der Flexibilisierung in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß tragen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Jakob, Johannes & Sabrina Klaus-Schelletter (2020): Arbeit im Wandel braucht mehr Arbeitsmarktpolitik. (DGB-Positionspapier), Berlin, 11 S.

Abstract

"In diesem Positionspapier unterbreitet der DGB Vorschläge zur Arbeitsmarktpolitik, die in einem längeren Diskussionsprozess entstanden sind und zum Teil schon im "Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Förderung der beruflichen Weiterbildung im Strukturwandel und zur Weiterentwicklung der Ausbildungsförderung" ("Arbeit-von-morgen-Gesetz") aufgegriffen wurden." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Varjonen, Sampo (2020): Institutional evolution and abrupt change. Reforming the administration of social assistance in Finland. In: International journal of social welfare, Jg. 29, H. 1, S. 62-70. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12373

Abstract

"Historical institutionalist studies have explained institutional change as resulting from critical junctures that interrupt long periods of stability or from endogenous, incremental evolution. Building on these theories, discursive institutionalists have focused on the roles of agency, ideas and discourse as explainers of change. Combining these approaches, this article analyses Finland's decision in 2014 to transfer the administration of basic social assistance from municipalities to the central government. This study demonstrates that institutional change can be both abrupt and evolutionary. Due to sudden, exceptional political circumstances, the decision in question was made quickly and under pressure, circumventing possible veto players. However, it was possible only because of the incremental, endogenous change that had occurred in the way in which social assistance was administered at the municipal level. It enabled a change in political discourse, which eroded the credibility of the ideational frames that policy actors had previously utilised to reject the centralised model." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Berzel, Alexander (2019): Trade-offs zwischen Arbeitsmarkt- und Wirtschaftspolitik. Policy-Präferenzen von Landesregierungen im Vergleich. In: Der moderne Staat, Jg. 12, H. 2, S. 434-463. DOI:10.3224/dms.v12i2.13

Abstract

Komplexe Problemstellungen erfordern häufig Aktivitäten nicht nur in einem, sondern in mehreren Politikfeldern. Gleichzeitig ist das Policy-Making zwischen einzelnen Politikfeldern konfliktbelastet. In dem Beitrag geht es deshalb darum, anhand der beiden Politikfelder Arbeitsmarkt- und regionale Wirtschaftspolitik zu klären, welche unterschiedlichen Präferenzen Landesregierungen zwischen zwei Politikfeldern wieso entwickeln. Als Annäherung wird die Mittelzuweisung der Länder beim Europäischen Sozialfonds (ESF) – als Proxy für Arbeitsmarktpolitik – und beim Europäischen Fonds für Regionale Entwicklung (EFRE) – für Wirtschaftspolitik – analysiert. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich deutliche Varianzen zwischen den Ländern, deren Bestimmungsfaktoren mittels Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) untersucht werden. Insbesondere zwei Erkenntnisse sind hervorzuheben: (1) Hoher arbeitsmarktbezogener Problembedarf impliziert keine höheren Arbeitsmarktinvestitionen, da er meist mit geringer Innovationsfähigkeit einhergeht. Die regionalwirtschaftlichen Problembedarfe scheinen wichtiger als die individuell-arbeitsmarktbezogenen – die Problembedarfe eines Politikfelds überstimmen die Bedarfe eines anderen. (2) Für verstärkte Arbeitsmarktinvestitionen stellen Handlungsspielräume (hier: geringer arbeitsmarktbezogener Problembedarf kombiniert mit einem eigenständigen Arbeitsministerium) eine wichtige Voraussetzung dar. (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Bown, Chad P. & Caroline Freund (2019): Active labor market policies. Lessons from other countries for the United States. (Working paper / Peterson Institute for International Economics 2019-02), Washington, DC, 12 S.

Abstract

"US labor force participation has been weak in recent decades, especially during the recovery of the financial crisis of 2007 - 09. This paper examines several programs that governments in other advanced industrial countries have established to help jobless workers continue to seek employment, not drop out of the labor force, and ultimately find jobs. These programs more actively support out-of-work citizens by facilitating matches between workers and firms, helping workers in their job searches, and sometimes creating jobs when none are available in the private sector. The evidence presented in this paper concludes that job placement services, training, wage subsidies, and other labor adjustment policies can be used to successfully help workers find employment and remain tied to the labor market. By contrast, direct job creation through public works projects and other government programs are less effective in helping workers over the long run." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Brussig, Martin (2019): Was kommt nach der Aktivierung? Neue Leitbilder der Arbeitsmarktpolitik. In: Arbeit. Zeitschrift für Arbeitsforschung, Arbeitsgestaltung und Arbeitspolitik, Jg. 28, H. 2, S. 101-123. DOI:10.1515/arbeit-2019-0008

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Diermeier, Matthias & Judith Niehues (2019): Einschätzungen zur Arbeitslosigkeit. Unwissen befördert systemisches Misstrauen. In: IW-Trends, Jg. 46, H. 2, S. 23-42. DOI:10.2373/1864-810X.19-02-03

Abstract

"Das Ausmaß an Arbeitslosigkeit wird deutlich überschätzt. Das geht aus einer Analyse von 23 europäischen Staaten auf Basis des European Social Survey 2016 hervor. Im Vergleich zur Arbeitslosenquote gemäß der International Labour Organization überschätzten die Deutschen die Arbeitslosigkeit im Jahr 2016 um mindestens 13,6 Prozentpunkte. Zwar fielen die Bewertungen im Zuge der zuletzt rückläufigen Arbeitslosigkeit etwas positiver aus. Gleichwohl vermuteten sowohl im Jahr 2008 als auch in 2016 rund 40 Prozent der Deutschen, die Arbeitslosenquote läge bei mindestens 20 Prozent. Auch in den meisten anderen Ländern hat die Überschätzung zwischen 2008 und 2016 zugenommen. Zwar bewegen sich die Bewertungen in Richtung der tatsächlichen Entwicklung, eine positive Dynamik wird allerdings meist zu wenig positiv, eine negative Dynamik hingegen noch negativer wahrgenommen. Je stärker die Bürger die Arbeitslosigkeit überschätzen, desto weniger vertrauen sie dem politischen System, der Demokratie, den Mitmenschen und supranationalen Institutionen wie der EU. Dies gilt ebenso bei Berücksichtigung des individuellen Bildungs- und Einkommensniveaus - und weitestgehend auch im europäischen Ländervergleich. Die Relevanz der Ergebnisse für die aktuelle politische Debatte zeigt sich in besonderem Maß in dem Zusammenhang zwischen Überschätzung der Arbeitslosigkeit und rechtspopulistischem Wahlverhalten. Vor allem in Westeuropa neigen Menschen mit einer pessimistischen Einschätzung der Arbeitslosigkeit eher rechtspopulistischen Parteien zu." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Eichhorst, Werner & Wolfgang Schroeder (2019): Soziale Innovationen in der Arbeitsmarktpolitik. In: M. Freise & A. Zimmer (Hrsg.) (2019): Zivilgesellschaft und Wohlfahrtsstaat im Wandel : Akteure, Strategien und Politikfelder, S. 205-226. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-16999-2_10

Abstract

"Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt befindet sich in einem kontinuierlichen Wandel, der auch von sozialen Innovationen geprägt ist. Soziale Innovationen nehmen dabei positiven Einfluss auf die Arbeitsmarktlage bestimmter sozialer Gruppen, um diese oder und auch die staatlichen sowie unternehmerischen Akteure zu veränderten Verhaltensformen zu bewegen. Zum einen stellt sich deshalb die Frage, wie sich die Arbeitsmarktpolitik in den letzten Jahren verändert hat. Zum anderen muss hinterfragt werden, welche sozialen Innovationen heute notwendig sind und welche Rolle die Sozialpartner dabei einnehmen. Denn das Kräfteverhältnis zwischen Staat und Sozialpartnern hat sich mit den Gesetzen zur Modernisierung des Arbeitsmarktes 2004/2005 verändert. In der Arbeitsmarktpolitik lässt sich nun eine zunehmende Bedeutung des Zentralstaates und der Kommunen feststellen. Neben den strukturellen politischen Veränderungen wirken durch die Digitalisierung, Automatisierung und eine Zunahme atypischer Beschäftigungsverhältnisse strukturelle Wandlungsprozesse, die den Arbeitsmarkt verändern. Soziale Innovationen sind deshalb insbesondere in der Aus- und Weiterbildung notwendig. Während das deutsche Ausbildungssystem als weltweites Vorbild angesehen wird, werden gleichzeitig auch immer mehr Probleme des Systems sichtbar. Sozialpartner treten hier meist reaktiv in Erscheinung, während die Initiative häufig bei den staatlichen Akteuren liegt. Im Bereich der Weiterbildung treten die Sozialpartner, aber auch Betriebe und Betriebsräte, hingegen innovativ auf und treiben wichtige Maßnahmen voran." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Frøyland, Kjetil, Tone Alm Andreassen & Simon Innvær (2019): Contrasting supply-side, demand-side and combined approaches to labour market integration. In: Journal of social policy, Jg. 48, H. 2, S. 311-328. DOI:10.1017/S0047279418000491

Abstract

"In social policy discussions about activation or ALMP (Active Labour Market Policies), most attention is paid to supply-side approaches, directed towards jobless individuals. In these discussions, little attention is given to demand-side approaches aimed at activating employers, or combined workplace-oriented approaches that combine supply and demand-side elements. The aim of this article is to introduce demand-side and combined approaches developed within the fields of disability policy and vocational rehabilitation to scholarly discussions about activation and ALMP. By comparing these three approaches, we show that demand-side and combined approaches challenge key assumptions underlying the dominant supply-side approaches. They do so by representing different views of a) work - as a right instead of a duty; b) the problem of reduced work capacity - not as individual failure, but rather as a prejudice in attitudes among employers or as a gap between capacities and demands; c) the employers and the labour market - as transformable instead of fixed. Supply-side, demand-side and combined workplace-oriented approaches share the aim of labour market integration; however, their developments seem to have taken place largely in isolation from each other. We argue that when brought together they could form a more comprehensive base for further development of labour market integration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Gehrke, Britta & Enzo Weber (2019): Einschätzung des IAB zur wirtschaftlichen Lage - Januar 2019. In: IAB-Forum H. 31.01.2019, o. Sz., 2019-01-29.

Abstract

"Das deutsche Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) ist 2018 nach vorläufigen Ergebnissen um 1,5 Prozent im Vergleich zum Vorjahr gestiegen. Damit hat sich das Wachstum insbesondere in der zweiten Jahreshälfte zum Vorjahr relativ deutlich abgeschwächt. Hierbei spielten auch Sondereffekte eine Rolle. Im aktuellen Jahr dürfte die Entwicklung insgesamt verhaltener verlaufen als im Durchschnitt des vorherigen Jahres. Dazu tragen insbesondere weltwirtschaftliche Unsicherheiten durch den Brexit und die internationale Handelspolitik bei. Auch das langsamere Wachstum in China dürfte Spuren in der deutschen Exportwirtschaft hinterlassen. Der Arbeitsmarkt bleibt robust gegenüber der konjunkturellen Abschwächung und setzt seinen Aufschwung fort." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Gerstung, Valeska (2019): Niedriglohnbeschäftigung im Wohlfahrtsstaat. Der Einfluss von Ideen und Institutionen auf den Niedriglohnsektor. (Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft), Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 364 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-27640-9

Abstract

"Ist die Größe des Niedriglohnsektors ein Ergebnis staatlicher Arbeitsmarktpolitik und Arbeitsmarktregulierung? Und welche Bedeutung hat der Wohlfahrtsstaat für die Verbreitung von Niedriglohnjobs? Durch Verbindung politökonomischer und wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Perspektiven entwickelt Valeska Gerstung eine ideen- und institutionenbezogene Erklärung für die heterogene Verbreitung von Niedriglohnbeschäftigung in entwickelten Volkswirtschaften. Der Einfluss des Staates auf Niedriglöhne wird mechanismenorientiert dargestellt. Zwischenstaatliche Variation in der Art und Intensität staatlicher Eingriffe in den Arbeitsmarkt wird durch Zugehörigkeit zu unterschiedlichen Wohlfahrtsstaatstypen erklärt. Die Autorin zeigt empirisch, dass Niedriglohnbeschäftigung wesentlich durch (wohlfahrts-)staatliche Eingriffe in den Arbeitsmarkt geprägt wird." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Hessinger, Philipp, Stanitzek, Georg & Gabriele Wagner (Hrsg.) (2019): Märkte und "common ground": Arbeit, gesundheitliche Versorgung, Finanzen. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 284 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-21771-6

Abstract

"Die einzelnen Kapitel des Buchs behandeln die Kontexteffekte, die lateralen Bezüge und die endogenen Ursachen gegenwärtiger System- und Krisenprozesse mit dem Ziel, den Möglichkeitssinn relevanter Akteure aus Wissenschaft, Politik und Gesellschaft zu schärfen. Auf der Basis profunder Analysen der strukturellen wie auch normativen Verfasstheit sowie der intelligenten Re-/Konstruierbarkeit der Arbeits-, Gesundheits- und Finanzmärkte entfaltet Philipp Hessinger seine grundlegende Idee: dass aktuelle Krisen und scheiternde Reformprojekte auch Ausdruck und Folge innerer Blockaden des gesellschaftlichen Möglichkeitsreichtums sind - und genau diesen Möglichkeitsreichtum sucht er zu bergen." (Verlagsangaben, )

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Morgan, Robson & Kelsey J. O'Connor (2019): Labor market policy and subjective well-being during the Great Recession. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 372), Maastricht, 32 S.

Abstract

"Average subjective well-being decreased in Europe during the Great Recession, primarily among people with less than a college education and people younger than retirement age. However, some countries fared better than others depending on their labor market policies. More generous unemployment support, which provided income replacement or programs to assist unemployed workers find jobs, mitigated the negative effects for most of the population, although not youth. In contrast, stricter employment protection legislation exacerbated the negative effects. We present further evidence that suggests the exacerbating effects of employment protection legislation are due to greater rigidities in the labor market, which in turn affect perceived future job prospects. Our analysis is based on two-stage least squares regressions using individual subjective wellbeing data obtained from Eurobarometer surveys and variation in labor market policy across 23 European countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Osiander, Christopher (2019): Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt - ein kurzer Überblick. In: Der medizinische Sachverständige : MedSach, Jg. 104, H. 3, S. 110-115., 2019-03-11.

Abstract

"Der Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über Themen eines einleitenden Vortrages, den der Autor zum Auftakt der 'Heidelberger Gespräche' am 30. Oktober 2018 gehalten hat. Es geht um die allgemeine Lage, strukturelle Probleme und zukünftige Herausforderungen am deutschen Arbeitsmarkt, die ausschnitthaft beleuchtet werden. Insgesamt zeigt sich der Arbeitsmarkt zum Zeitpunkt des Vortrages in guter Verfassung. Dies spiegelt sich u.a. in einem Rückgang der registrierten Arbeitslosigkeit und einer Zunahme der Beschäftigung wider. Dennoch bestehen auch weiterhin teilweise länger bekannte strukturelle Probleme und zukünftige Herausforderungen, von denen der Beitrag einige anschneidet. Dazu zählen z.B. die dauerhaft hohen Arbeitsmarktrisiken, denen sich Geringqualifizierte gegenübersehen. Mittel- und langfristig ist zudem mit einem Rückgang des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials zu rechnen, der auch bei starker (Netto-)Zuwanderung spürbare Auswirkungen auf das Arbeitsangebot haben wird. Die Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt werden u.a. durch die unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägten Substituierbarkeitspotenziale von beruflichen Tätigkeiten deutlich. Ebenfalls eine dauerhafte Aufgabe bleibt die Integration von Langzeitarbeitslosen in den Arbeitsmarkt, die häufig durch verschiedene Integrationshemmnisse erschwert wird. Der Beitrag beschränkt sich zwangsläufig stark auf für den Vortrag ausgewählte Aspekte und verweist auf weiterführende Literatur." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Schwandt, Hannes & Till M. von Wachter (2019): Unlucky cohorts: Estimating the long-term effects of entering the labor market in a recession in large cross-sectional data sets. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 37, H. S1, S. S161-S198. DOI:10.1086/701046

Abstract

"This paper studies the differential persistent effects of initial economic conditions for labor market entrants in the United States from 1976 to 2015 by education, gender, and race using labor force survey data. We find persistent earnings and wage reductions, especially for less advantaged entrants, that increases in government support only partly offset. We confirm that the results are unaffected by selective migration and labor market entry by also using a double-weighted average unemployment rate at labor market entry for each birth cohort and state-of-birth cell based on average state migration rates and average cohort education rates from census data." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Vooren, Melvin, Carla Haelermans, Wim Groot & Henriëtte Maassen van den Brink (2019): The effectiveness of active labor market policies. A meta-analysis. In: Journal of Economic Surveys, Jg. 33, H. 1, S. 125-149. DOI:10.1111/joes.12269

Abstract

"This paper provides a meta-analysis of microeconometric evaluation studies on the effectiveness of active labor market policies. The analysis is built upon a systematically assembled data set of causal impact estimates from 57 experimental and quasi-experimental studies, providing 654 estimates published between January 1990 and December 2017. We distinguish between the short and longer term impacts in our analysis; at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after program start. After correcting for publication bias and country-specific macroeconomic characteristics, subsidized labor and public employment programs have negative short-term impacts, which gradually turn positive in the longer run. Schemes with enhanced services including job-search assistance and training programs do not have these negative short-term effects, and stay positive from 6 until 36 months after program start." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Yerkes, Mara A. & Leydi Johana van den Braken (2019): The ambiguity of social return policies in the Netherlands. In: Social policy and administration, Jg. 53, H. 1, S. 113-127. DOI:10.1111/spol.12409

Abstract

"Social procurement policies, which aim to create employment opportunities for vulnerable groups, such as the long-term unemployed and the disabled, have become increasingly popular in recent years. Despite their growing popularity, empirical research on this topic is limited. Combining insights from the social policy and public administration literatures, we explore the development and implementation of 'social return' policies by the Dutch government. These policies are a form of social procurement that require private employers to spend a percentage of public tenders to hire individuals far removed from the labor market. Social procurement appears, by definition, to be a form of social investment. However, our analysis of the ideas underlying its use in the Netherlands suggests that significant contradictions exist, with evidence of neoliberal New Public Management tendencies, social investment, and the more recent form of public administration, New Public Service. Using extensive document analysis of parliamentary documents, discussions and evaluative reports from 2008 to 2014, we reveal the tensions inherent in the Dutch approach and discuss possible implications for our understanding of social policy and administration as well as social protection." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Allard, Mary Dorinda & Anne E. Polivka (2018): Measuring labor market activity today. Are the words work and job too limiting for surveys? In: Monthly labor review H. November, S. 1-19. DOI:10.21916/mlr.2018.26

Abstract

"The Current Population Survey (CPS) produces some of the nation's most closely watched labor market statistics, including the national unemployment rate. However, some researchers have recently suggested that the labor force questions used in the CPS do not correctly capture workers in informal employment arrangements, causing an undercount in employment. Although we cannot directly measure how many workers might be missed in the CPS, we use data on income-generating activities from the American Time Use Survey to explore possible misclassification of employment in the CPS." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Andersson, Josefine (2018): Lump-sum severance grants and the duration of unemployment. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2018,23), Uppsala, 47 S.

Abstract

"The well-known positive relationship between the unemployment benefit level and unemployment duration can be separated into two potential sources; a moral hazard effect, and a liquidity effect pertaining to the increased ability to smooth consumption. The latter is a socially optimal response due to credit and insurance market failures. These two effects are difficult to separate empirically, but the social optimality of an unemployment insurance policy can be evaluated by studying the effect of a non-distortionary lump-sum severance grant on unemployment durations. In this study, I evaluate the effects on unemployment duration and subsequent job quality of a lump-sum severance grant provided to displaced workers, by means of a Swedish collective agreement. I use a regression discontinuity design, based on the strict age requirement to be eligible for the grant. I find that the lump-sum grant has a positive effect on the probability of becoming unemployed and the length of the completed unemployment duration, but no effect on subsequent job quality. My analysis also indicates that spousal income is important for the consumption smoothing abilities of displaced workers, and that the grant may have a greater effect in times of more favorable labor market conditions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bilbao-Ubillos, Javier, Jesús-Luis Alsasua, Gurutze Intxaurburu & Miren Ullibarri-Arce (2018): Labour market regulations and high quality employment in EU-15 countries. In: Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, Jg. 31, H. 3, S. 207-226. DOI:10.1080/13511610.2017.1384366

Abstract

"The elements that we usually include under the concept of 'labour market institutions' exert a clear influence on the workings of the labour market. However, the assessment of labour market policies and institutions remains mostly focused on their impact on the quantity of jobs, while people's well-being depends crucially on how good their jobs are. This paper is a modest attempt to contribute some evidence and insight to the debate on the effects that particular institutional configurations have on the generation of high-quality employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Blien, Uwe, Linda Borrs, Veronika Hecht, Hannah Illing & Michael Moritz (2018): Vorbild für Tschechien? Auf einem Symposium in Prag stellt das IAB sich und seine Arbeit vor. In: IAB-Forum H. 15.06.2018, o. Sz., 2018-06-14.

Abstract

"In Tschechien besteht Interesse, ein Forschungsinstitut mit dem Schwerpunkt Arbeitsmarkt aufzubauen. Deshalb war eine Reihe von Forscherinnen und Forschern des IAB im April dieses Jahres in Prag, um bei einem eintägigen Symposium in Kooperation mit dem dortigen Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economics Institute über die Arbeit des IAB zu berichten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Bubak, Oldrich (2018): Flexicurity and the dynamics of the welfare state adjustments. In: Transfer, Jg. 24, H. 4, S. 387-404. DOI:10.1177/1024258918781732

Abstract

"Die Verwerfungen der jüngsten globalen Finanzkrise verstärkten mehrere der schon vorhandenen industriellen und ökonomischen Herausforderungen und schoben eine Reihe von oftmals widersprüchlichen Lösungsansätzen in den Vordergrund. In diesem Artikel konzentrieren wir uns auf zwei unterschiedliche Sichtweisen, wie ökonomische Wettbewerbsfähigkeit (wieder) hergestellt und Wachstum ermöglicht werden kann: Flexicurity und Austeritätspolitik. Über die Zukunft dieser widersprüchlichen 'Rezepte' kann im Vergleich von unterschiedlichen politischen Ökonomien viel gelernt werden, insbesondere in Anbetracht der Bedeutung der Sozialpartner bei der Entwicklung von Flexicurity und ihrer unterschiedlichen Fähigkeit, die Ergebnisse von Wohlfahrtsstaaten breiter zu beeinflussen. Es stellen sich zwei Fragen. Was können wir über die Dynamik der permanenten Anpassungen des Wohlfahrtsstaates lernen, wenn wir auf die Rolle und Kapazität der Sozialpartner achten? Wie kann sinnvolle Arbeitsmarktpolitik in diesem paradoxen Umfeld aussehen? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen untersuchen wir das Vereinigte Königreich - mit seiner eher bescheidenen Sozial- und Beschäftigungssicherheit - und Dänemark, das Musterbeispiel für Flexicurity. Die Unterschiede in den Philosophien, bei der Entwicklung ihrer Institutionen und den organisationalen Interaktionen dieser beiden Staaten erklären nicht nur ihre jeweiligen Entscheidungen nach dem Ausbruch der Krise, sondern auch ihre Erwartungen an sozial orientierte Arbeitsmarktpolitik." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Bähr, Holger (2018): Wissenschaftliche Politikberatung: Das IAB setzt auf fünf Qualitätsprinzipien. In: IAB-Forum H. 14.06.2018, o. Sz., 2018-06-11.

Abstract

"Politikberatung ist ein fester Bestandteil der Politikgestaltung in zeitgenössischen Demokratien und eine zentrale Aufgabe des IAB. Doch was macht 'gute' Politikberatung aus? Auch wenn sich die Qualität einzelner Beratungsleistungen nicht messen lässt, können Qualitätsmerkmale benannt und Wege der Qualitätssicherung aufgezeigt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Card, David, Jochen Kluve & Andrea Weber (2018): What works? A meta analysis of recent active labor market program evaluations. In: Journal of the European Economic Association, Jg. 16, H. 3, S. 894-931. DOI:10.1093/jeea/jvx028

Abstract

"We summarize the estimates from over 200 recent studies of active labor market programs. We classify the estimates by type of program and participant group, and distinguish between three different post-program time horizons. Using regression models for the estimated program effect (for studies that model the probability of employment) and for the sign and significance of the estimated effect (for all the studies in our sample) we conclude that: (1) average impacts are close to zero in the short run, but become more positive 2 - 3 years after completion of the program; (2) the time profile of impacts varies by type of program, with larger average gains for programs that emphasize human capital accumulation; (3) there is systematic heterogeneity across participant groups, with larger impacts for females and participants who enter from long term unemployment; (4) active labor market programs are more likely to show positive impacts in a recession." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Carriero, Andrea, Todd E. Clark & Massimiliano Marcellino (2018): Measuring uncertainty and its impact on the economy. In: The Review of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 100, H. 5, S. 799-815. DOI:10.1162/rest_a_00693

Abstract

"We propose a new model for measuring uncertainty and its effects on the economy, based on a large vector autoregression with stochastic volatility driven by common factors representing macroeconomic and financial uncertainty. The uncertainty measures reflect changes in both the conditional mean and volatility of the variables, and their impact on the economy can be assessed within the same framework. Estimates with U.S. data show substantial commonality in uncertainty, with sizable effects of uncertainty on key macroeconomic and financial variables. However, historical decompositions show a limited role of uncertainty shocks in macroeconomic fluctuations." (Author's abstract, © MIT Press Journals) ((en))

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Dietz, Martin, Peter Kupka & Philipp Ramos Lobato (2018): Wirkungsforschung im SGB II. In: Archiv für Wissenschaft und Praxis der sozialen Arbeit, Jg. 49, H. 3, S. 74-83.

Abstract

"Der Gesetzgeber hat das Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung beauftragt, die Wirkungen der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende zu untersuchen. Dabei geht es aber nicht nur um arbeitsmarktpolitische Instrumente, sondern auch um die Höhe der materiellen Leistungen. Was sind also die unterschiedlichen 'Wirkungen' des Gesetzes? Wie werden sie gemessen bzw. erforscht? Und hat die Wirkungsforschung selbst auch eine Wirkung?" (Autorenreferat, © Deutscher Verein für öffentliche und private Fürsorge e.V.)

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Eichhorst, Werner (2018): Rückblick auf die Arbeitsmarktpolitik im Jahr 2017. Interviewführung und Aufzeichnung: Dennis Redeker. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, Jg. 64, H. 2, S. 111-119. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2018-0007

Abstract

"Das Jahr 2017 war erneut ein Jahr des Rekordstandes, was die Zahl der Erwerbstätigen angeht. Auch die Zahl der geleisteten bezahlten Arbeitsstunden, das sogenannte Arbeitsvolumen, hat den höchsten Stand seit der Wiedervereinigung erreicht, während die Arbeitslosigkeit weiter gesunken ist. Auf der Ebene der Gesamtindikatoren beobachten wir also eine sehr positive Entwicklung. Damit einher geht auch ein bemerkenswertes Wachstum der Brutto-Nominallöhne, wenngleich aufgrund des moderaten Anziehens der Inflation die Reallöhne allerdings nicht ganz Schritt halten können. Insgesamt konnten wir im vergangenen Jahrzehnt eine 'normalere' Entwicklung der Löhne beobachten, vor allem im Vergleich zu den 2000er Jahren, was in der Folge zu einer Stabilisierung der Lohnstückkosten geführt hat. Die Entwicklung im vergangenen Jahr sind insbesondere auch auf das positive globale Wirtschaftsklima zurückzuführen, trotz wachsender Unsicherheiten über die weitere Entwicklung des Welthandels, der für die exportorientierte deutsche Wirtschaft von besonderer Bedeutung ist." (Textauszug, © De Gruyter)

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Fuchs, Michaela, Oskar Jost, Klara Kaufmann, Oliver Ludewig & Antje Weyh (2018): Baustelle Arbeitsmarkt - die Beschäftigungsdynamik in Ost und West hat sich angeglichen. In: IAB-Forum H. 09.11.2018, o. Sz., 2018-11-02.

Abstract

"Der Mauerfall und die rasche Einführung der Marktwirtschaft waren für die Wirtschaft der ehemaligen DDR ein beispielloser Schock. Der nachfolgende Umbau von der Zentralverwaltungs- zur Marktwirtschaft war mit einer außerordentlich starken Beschäftigungsdynamik verbunden. Insbesondere in den 1990er Jahren übertraf der Osten den Westen sowohl beim Aufbau als auch beim Abbau von Stellen deutlich. Mittlerweile sind diese Unterschiede weitgehend verschwunden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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González-Alegre, Juan (2018): Active labour market policies and the efficiency of the European Social Fund in Spanish regions. In: Regional Studies. Journal of the Regional Studies Association, Jg. 52, H. 3, S. 430-443.

Abstract

"In diesem Beitrag werden die Determinanten von staatlichen Ausgaben für aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik auf regionaler Ebene mithilfe der Paneldaten einer Stichprobe von 17 spanischen Regionen (1989 - 2010) untersucht. Bei den Schätzungen werden die Endogenität, die Dynamik und die räumliche Abhängigkeit zwischen Regionen berücksichtigt. Die Ergebnisse der Schätzungen werden mithilfe eines einfachen theoretischen Modells von Finanzausgleichszahlungen interpretiert. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass der Europäische Sozialfonds das Ziel der Förderung von Ausgaben für aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik nicht wirksam erreicht und dass Rent-Seeking beim Wettbewerb zwischen Regionen zum Erhalt von Mitteln aus einem gemeinsamen Pool das Gegenteil bewirkt, was sich im Fall von Imitationen noch verschlechtert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Knuth, Matthias (2018): Arbeitsmarktpolitik als Inklusionsprojekt? In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 71, H. 6, S. 456-467. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2018-6-456

Abstract

"Die langfristige Entwicklung der Arbeitsmarktpolitik ist durch widersprüchliche Verschiebungen und Verschränkungen von Inklusion und Exklusion gekennzeichnet. Etwa ab der Jahrtausendwende und bis vor Kurzem dominierten jedoch exkludierende Veränderungen sowohl beim System der Geldleistungen als auch der Förderung. Die Tendenz zur zunehmenden Polarisierung von Lebenslagen wird durch konfligierende Ziele und Logiken zweier 'Rechtskreise' nicht vermindert, sondern im Gegenteil verschärft erfahrbar gemacht. Aktuelle Suchbewegungen nach einem Ausweg sind von Unsicherheit und Orientierungslosigkeit geprägt. Erneute Reformen auf der Instrumentenebene setzen eine Neujustierung der 'Regimelogiken' von Arbeitslosenversicherung und Grundsicherung voraus. Der Beitrag skizziert hierzu einige Vorschläge." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Knörr, Marlene & Enzo Weber (2018): Employment policy cooperation at European level. Issues, instruments, processes, institutions, and policy advice. Nürnberg, 40 S.

Abstract

"In the past twenty years, supranational employment policy cooperation in the European Union has increased significantly. Whereas plenty of programs on numerous employment-related issues were established, cooperation between the member states predominantly occurs on a voluntary basis. Monitoring is conducted via instruments like peer reviews, benchmarking and mutual learning in the formal framework of the European Semester. With regard to designing and evaluating common activities, various EU institutions strongly rely on internal and external research-based policy advice." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Lehwess-Litzmann, René (2018): Is labour market policy heading for social investment in European countries? An analysis of spending trends between 2006 and 2015. In: Zeitschrift für Sozialreform, Jg. 64, H. 3, S. 333-362. DOI:10.1515/zsr-2018-0018

Abstract

"From a perspective of social investment, this article analyses monetary efforts made by European countries in terms of active and passive labour market policy (LMP) between 2006 and 2015. How did spending evolve under the double impression of the social investment discourse and the crisis after 2008? How does LMP now differ from what it was before the crisis? We find that there is no real trend towards social investment in the field of LMP in recent years. This Shows both in the relationship between passive and active spending and in the composition of active spending. In particular, training - crucial to a social investment approach - is further weakened in most countries' policy arrangements. Concerning levels of spending, it is shown that labour market policy gets fiscally more demanding on aggregate, while the amount of resources made available to the average individual job seeker shrinks. Spending on LMP also remains very unequal between European countries." (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)

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Lombardi, Stefano, Oskar Nordström Skans & Johan Vikström (2018): Wage subsidies, job-displacement and Swedish firms. A comparison between policy systems. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2018,06), Uppsala, 35 S.

Abstract

"This paper studies how New Start Jobs (Nystartsjobb) and Employment Subsidies (Anstallningsstod) affect Swedish firms. We study effects on the number of employees, firm performance and other firm level outcomes. We use Swedish administrative data from the period 1998-2008. One result is that treated firms substantially outperform other recruiting firms after hiring through subsidies, both in terms of the number of employees and in terms of various production measures, despite having identical pre-match trajectories. This pattern is clear for the period with Employment Subsidies, but less clear for the period with New Start Jobs. For New Starts Jobs we instead see that they have a clear positive effect on firms' survival rates. Overall, our results suggest that targeted employment subsidies can have large positive effects on post-match outcomes of the hiring firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Lommerud, Kjell Erik, Odd Rune Straume & Steinar Vagstad (2018): Employment protection and unemployment benefits. On technology adoption and job creation in a matching model. In: The Scandinavian journal of economics, Jg. 120, H. 3, S. 763-793. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12244

Abstract

"We analyse the effects of different labour-market policies (employment protection, unemployment benefits, and payroll taxes) on job creation and technology choices in a model where firms are matched with workers of different productivity and wages are determined by ex post bargaining. The model is characterized by two intertwined sources of inefficiency, namely a matching externality and a hold-up externality associated with the bargaining strength of workers. The results depend on the relative importance of the two externalities and on worker risk aversion. 'Flexicurity', meaning low employment protection and generous unemployment insurance, can be optimal if workers are sufficiently risk-averse and the hold-up problem is relatively important." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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Martín Román, Ángel L., Jaime Cuéllar-Martín & Alfonso Moral de Blas (2018): Labor supply and the business cycle: The "Bandwagon Worker Effect". (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 274), Maastricht, 30 S.

Abstract

"The relationship between the labor force participation and the business cycle has become a topic in the economic literature. However, few studies have considered whether the cyclical sensitivity of the labor force participation is influenced by 'social effects'. In this paper, we construct a theoretical model to develop the 'Added Worker Effect' and the 'Discouraged Worker Effect', and we integrate the 'social effects', coining a new concept, the Bandwagon Worker Effect (BWE). To estimate the cyclical sensitivity of the labor force participation, we employ a panel dataset of fifty Spanish provinces for the period 1977-2015. Finally, we use spatial econometrics techniques to test the existence of the BWE in the local labor markets in Spain. Our results reveal that there exists a positive spatial dependence in the cyclical sensitivity of the labor force participation that decreases as we fix a laxer neighborhood criterion, which verifies the existence of the BWE. From the perspective of economic policy, our work confirms that 'social effects' play a key role at the time of determining the economic dynamics of the territories." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Pareliussen, Jon Kristian & Hyunjeong Hwang (2018): Benefit reform for employment and equal opportunity in Finland. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1467), Paris, 39 S. DOI:10.1787/26e12903-en

Abstract

"The combination of different working-age benefits, childcare costs and income taxation creates complexity, reduces work incentives and holds back employment. Major disincentives in Finland are related to tapering rules for unemployment benefits, social assistance and the housing benefit, the extended unemployment benefit for older workers, the childcare fee structure and the homecare allowance. Improved benefit design combined with efficient activation policies can reduce complexity and remove the strongest disincentives while minimising adverse fiscal and social impacts. Replacing current benefits with a basic income would improve incentives for many, but with a drastic redistribution of income and likely increasing poverty as a result. Merging working-age benefits with similar aims and coordinating their tapering against earnings would on the other hand consistently improve work incentives and transparency, while preserving social protection. Once the new income registry comes online, linking benefit payments to real-time incomes, combined with strengthened work incentives, would make for a truly efficient and inclusive benefit system, fit for the future of work. This Working Paper relates to the 2018 OECD Economic Survey of Finland" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Rasmussen, Erling & Michael Fletcher (2018): Employment relations reforms and NewZzealand's 'Productivity Paradox'. In: Australian Journal of Labour Economics, Jg. 21, H. 1, S. 75-92.

Abstract

"In Australia, it has been debated whether the Fair Work Act (FWA) has a negative or positive impact on productivity growth. Likewise, in New Zealand, there has also been considerable interest and debate about that country's so-called 'productivity paradox', though this has yet to be linked to employment relations legislation in recent debates. This is surprising since it has been an explicit aim to raise productivity growth of the two last employment relations reforms. This paper will focus on how employment relations has been supposed to impact on productivity growth during the Employment Contracts Act 1991 and the Employment Relations Act 2000 periods. It will discuss why employment relations reforms have yet to shift the productivity growth and explanations of the 'productivity paradox' so far. This includes how employer attitudes and behaviours may be part of the productivity 'paradox' as well as a brief overview of the research and approaches of the Productivity Commission. The paper suggests that, while employment relations can play a part in lifting productivity levels, what is crucial are contextual factors and how employment relations and other policies combine to reinforce each other." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Rodriguez-Gil, Antonio (2018): Hysteresis and labour market institutions. Evidence from the UK and the Netherlands. In: Empirical economics, Jg. 55, H. 4, S. 1985-2025. DOI:10.1007/s00181-017-1338-y

Abstract

"This paper uses data for the UK and the Netherlands (1983q4 - 2011q4) to test if hysteresis occurs in these economies, and through what mechanisms. The novelty of the paper resides in the use of a VAR-IRF that encompasses previous hysteresis studies, using long-term unemployment, productivity, capital stock and real long-term interest rates, and in the use of specific Labour Market Institutions shocks, such as benefits, taxation or unions' power. This allows us to disentangle what specific demand and supply-variables affect unemployment in the long-run, i.e. the NAIRU. Our findings suggest that there is hysteresis in both countries, and that it happens through several channels. Further, we find that the influence of Labour Market Institutions on unemployment depend on their impact on the real wages-productivity gap. These results have implications for structural and macroeconomic policies that we also discuss. Finally, we investigate the impact of different supply and demand-shock on long-term unemployment and discuss the relevant policy implications." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))

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Struck, Olaf & Franziska Ganesch (2018): Anforderungen an Datenstrukturen in der Arbeits- und Arbeitsmarktforschung. In: WSI-Mitteilungen, Jg. 71, H. 4, S. 307-316. DOI:10.5771/0342-300X-2018-4-307

Abstract

"Anforderungen an Datenstrukturen in der Arbeits- und Arbeitsmarktforschung In Deutschland werden vergleichsweise umfänglich Daten für die Arbeits- und Arbeitsmarktforschung erhoben. Gleichwohl bestehen Defizite. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass die derzeitigen Erhebungen zu vielen wichtigen Fragen, darunter Digitalisierung, neuen (hybriden) Arbeitsformen, Zuwanderung, Qualifikation und Gesundheit an Arbeitsplätzen, nur unzulänglich Antworten zulassen. Zudem benennt er die Anforderungen an eine wissenschaftlich fundierte und aktuelle Arbeits- und Arbeitsmarktforschung und stellt diesen vorhandene Datensätze und ihre Analysemöglichkeiten gegenüber. Deutlich wird: Notwendig ist eine Diskussion über veränderte, praktikable, aber inhaltlich ertragreiche Erhebungen und Datenstrukturen. Dabei geht es um das Ziel, Pro¡blemlagen für Arbeitnehmer, Unternehmen und Gesellschaft, seien sie ökonomischer, qualifikatorischer oder gesundheitlicher Art, wissenschaftlich umfänglicher und präziser als bislang analysieren zu können." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Égert, Balázs (2018): The quantification of structural reforms. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1482), Paris, 39 S. DOI:10.1787/6d883be1-en

Abstract

"This paper summarises earlier OECD work aimed at quantifying the impact of structural reforms on economic outcomes. It overviews: i.) insights obtained for the linear relationships linking policies and economic outcomes (including multi-factor productivity, capital deepening and employment) for an almost complete set of OECD countries, ii.) non-linear results on how policies interact with each other in OECD countries, and iii.) results extended for emerging-market economies looking at whether policy effects vary across countries depending on the level of economic development and whether institutions have an influence on economic outcomes. The paper lists of policies and institutions that could be used to quantify the effect of reforms. It also gives some guidance on how to quantify reforms in OECD and non-OECD countries. It provides mid-point estimates of the long-run effects on per capita income levels through the three supply-side channels. Finally, it raises the issue of estimation and model uncertainty." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2018): Der Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland 2017. In: Amtliche Nachrichten der Bundesagentur für Arbeit, Jg. 65, H. Sondernr. 2, S. 1-230.

Abstract

"Die deutsche Wirtschaft erlebte im Jahr 2017 einen kräftigen Aufschwung. Das reale Bruttoinlandsprodukt ist um 2,2 Prozent gestiegen, nach +1,9 Prozent im Jahr 2016. Der Konjunkturaufschwung ist breit angelegt und wird vor allem von binnenwirtschaftlichen Kräften getragen. Auch der Arbeitsmarkt entwickelte sich sehr gut. Die Erwerbstätigkeit hat wegen des Aufbaus sozialversicherungspflichtiger Beschäftigung kräftig zugenommen. Das Plus resultiert zum größeren Teil aus Zuwanderung und gestiegener Erwerbsneigung, kam aber auch inländischen Arbeitslosen zugute. Arbeitslosigkeit und Unterbeschäftigung sind jahresdurchschnittlich gesunken, obwohl mehr geflüchtete Menschen in Arbeitslosigkeit und Unterbeschäftigung gezählt wurden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (2018): Living and working in Europe 2017. (Eurofound yearbook : living and working in Europe), Dublin, IV, 81 S. DOI:10.2806/603802

Abstract

"Living and working in Europe, Eurofound's 2017 yearbook, provides a snapshot of the latest developments in the work and lives of Europeans as recounted in the Agency's research activities over the course of 2017. As economies recover, Eurofound reported on the positive trends in employment, with rising numbers in work and a continued expansion of employment in good jobs. It also provided an updated account of quality of life in Europe post-crisis, showing that on many dimensions Europeans are doing as well as before the crisis, if not better. Challenges remain, nevertheless: labour markets are beset by long-term unemployment, underemployment and high levels of inactivity; quality of life in many dimensions is poor within certain population groups, and disparities between countries are sometimes stark. Eurofound's work provides a reservoir of knowledge to inform policymakers at EU and national levels in addressing such challenges. The yearbook is accompanied by the Consolidated annual activity report of the Authorising Officer for 2017, which is the Agency's formal reporting on operations, staff and budgets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bosch, Gerhard (2017): Weiterbildung und Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Qualifizierungsanforderungen - Paradigmenwechsel - Reformvorschläge. In: Soziale Sicherheit, Jg. 66, H. 7/8, S. 261-268.

Abstract

"Im Folgenden wird zunächst der Wandel der Qualifikationsanforderungen, der einen Paradigmenwechsel in der Arbeitsmarktpolitik erfordert, analysiert (Abschnitt 1). Danach werden die bisherigen Paradigmenwechsel in der Förderung beruflicher Weiterbildung in der Arbeitsmarktpolitik in den beiden Perioden 1969 bis 2002 (Abschnitt 2) und 2003 bis 2016 (Abschnitt 3) untersucht, bevor die eigenen Reformvorschläge erläutert werden (Abschnitt 4)." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Burgoon, Brian (2017): Practical pluralism in the empirical study of social investment. Examples from active labour-market policy. In: A. Hemerijck (Hrsg.) (2017): The uses of social investment, S. 161-173. DOI:10.1093/oso/9780198790488.003.0014

Abstract

"This chapter explores the empirical challenges of understanding the socioeconomic implications of social investment welfare reform. Such understanding is crucial to gauging the pay-offs and pitfalls of social investment, but is also extremely difficult, given the complex character of social investment and its multiple and interacting consequences for work and well-being. Such complexity, the chapter contends, yields an unusually strong tension between relevance and rigour that dooms any dialogue among social scientists and practitioners with clashing methodological commitments. The present study argues in favour of a practical pluralism to facilitate such dialogue. This pluralism entails combining and comparing empirical work across the full spectrum of relevance and rigour. The chapter illustrates the problems and pluralist solutions with a combination of macro-country-year and macro-individual-year analysis of how active labour-market policies (ALMP) affect the poverty of vulnerable citizens." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Gehrke, Britta & Enzo Weber (2017): Identifying asymmetric effects of labor market reforms. (IAB-Discussion Paper 23/2017), Nürnberg, 35 S.

Abstract

"Dieses Papier untersucht, ob die Effekte von Arbeitsmarktreformen, die die Flexibilität des Arbeitsmarktes erhöhen, mit dem Konjunkturzyklus zusammenhängen. Auf Basis der Such- und Matchingtheorie schlagen wir ein ökonometrisches Modell mit unbeobachtbaren Komponenten und Markov Switching vor, das die Effekte von Reformen in Rezession und Expansion trennt. Unsere Ergebnisse für Deutschland und Spanien zeigen, dass Reformen in Rezessionen kurz- und mittelfristig deutlich geringere positive Effekte auf den Arbeitsmarkt haben. Kurzfristig können die Effekte sogar negativ werden. Dies schränkt das Potential von Reformen kurzfristig die negativen Effekte von Rezessionen abzufedern deutlich ein. Unsere Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Kosten, die damit verbunden sind Reformen in Rezessionen umzusetzen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Greve, Bent (Hrsg.) (2017): Handbook of social policy evaluation. Cheltenham: Elgar, 542 S.

Abstract

This Handbook uses methodologies and cases to discover how and when to evaluate social policy, and looks at the possible impacts of evaluation on social policy decisions. The contributors present a detailed analysis on how to conduct social policy evaluation, how to be aware of pitfalls and dilemmas and how to use evidence effectively.
Organized into three thematic sections, this new resource includes contributions from a variety of researchers from a range of disciplines and countries. The first section explores evaluation and examples of methods used; the second focuses on the intersection between evaluation and policy-making; and the third delves into current social policy in order to discover the use of evaluation within central welfare state policies. One conclusion found is that welfare states are increasingly using evidence, but that it varies from and within different welfare areas.

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Haller, Peter, Elke Jahn, Gesine Stephan, Simon Trenkle & Enzo Weber (2017): Agenda 2010 - zur Diskussion über weitere Reformen der Reform. (IAB-Stellungnahme 05/2017), Nürnberg, 13 S.

Abstract

"Zur Vorbereitung des Jahresgutachtens 2017/18 des Sachverständigenrats zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung wurde das IAB um seine Expertise zur Diskussion über weitere Korrekturen der Agenda 2010 gebeten. Das IAB äußerte sich im Herbst 2017 zu den Effekten der Hartz-Reformen und zu möglichen weiteren politischen Maßnahmen am Arbeitsmarkt, betrachtete die Effekte mit dem Alter steigender Anspruchsdauern des Arbeitslosengeldes und die Auswirkungen der Reform der Bezugsdauer für ältere Arbeitslose ab 45 Jahren von 2006 und ging auf die am 1. April 2017 in Kraft getretenen gesetzlichen Änderungen zu Zeitarbeit und Werkverträgen ein. Die Erkenntnisse hierzu werden in der vorliegenden Stellungnahme zusammengefasst." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Kaps, Petra, Silke Bothfeld, Martin Brussig, Tina Hofmann & Matthias Knuth (2017): Normen und Strukturen einer solidarischen und investiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik. (Hans-Böckler-Stiftung. Working paper Forschungsförderung 047), Düsseldorf, 124 S.

Abstract

"Das Working Paper bilanziert die Veränderungen der normativen und institutionellen Basis der Arbeitsmarktpolitik der letzten Jahre. Es zeigt normative Inkohärenzen, institutionelle Inkonsistenzen, Schnittstellenprobleme und mögliche Handlungsoptionen auf. Es werden Veränderungsbedarfe skizziert, die notwendig wären, um diesen Teil der sozialstaatlichen Grundordnung den veränderten Realitäten am Arbeitsmarkt so anzupassen, dass Übergänge zwischen Beschäftigungen und Einstiege bzw. Wiedereinstiege in Erwerbstätigkeit möglichst gelingen, Teilhabebarrieren abgebaut werden und die Legitimität des Sozialstaats in der Sicht seiner Nutzer/innen wieder steigt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Lubk, Claudia (2017): The concept of sustainability and its application to labor market policy. A discussion of political feasibility, implementation, and measurability. Wiesbaden: Springer, 239 S.

Abstract

"Claudia Lubk analyzes the transferal between the guiding principle of sustainability and the policy field of labor market policy. She discusses both separately to elaborate the most important aspects necessary to make the transition towards sustainable labor market policy. In addition, the author focusses on the political feasibility of measures to implement sustainable policies and considers the challenges posed by realizing the sustainability concept. Based on this analysis, a working definition of sustainable labor market policy is developed." (Publisher's text, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Nahles, Andrea (2017): Die Zukunft gerecht gestalten – gegen Ungleichheiten in Deutschland und Europa. In: Zeitschrift für Staats- und Europawissenschaften, Jg. 15, H. 2/3, S. 553-562. DOI:10.5771/1610-7780-2017-2-3-553

Abstract

"Der Kampf für mehr Gerechtigkeit gehört weder in die Mottenkiste der Ge-schichte, noch darf er auf unser Land beschränkt bleiben. Wenn es gelingt, Ungleichheiten abzubauen, stärkt das den gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt in Deutschland und in Europa. Unsere demokratischen Grundwerte und die Solidarität zwischen den Generationen und zwischen Stärkeren und Schwächeren waren auch in Krisenzeiten nie verhandelbar. Sie werden auch das Fundament sein, auf dem wir die Zukunft gemeinsam gestalten – mit mehr Gerechtigkeit." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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Pühringer, Stephan & Markus Griesser (2017): From the "planning euphoria" to the "bitter economic truth": The transmission of economic ideas into German labour market policies in the 1960s and 2000s. (Working Paper Serie der Institute für Ökonomie und Philosophie / Cusanus Hochschule für Gesellschaftsgestaltung Ök-30), Koblenz, 20 S.

Abstract

"This paper compares the interconnections between dominant economic thought and processes of policy-making in the area of labour market reforms in Germany in the late 1960s and the early 2000s. The transition in labour market policies in this period could be described as a change from an active to an activating approach. At the level of economic discourse these policy changes correspond to a paradigm shift from Keynesian to neoclassical/neoliberal economic thought. We investigated these changes by focussing on two distinct reforms of labour market policies and carried out a critical discourse analysis of the relevant public and academic discourse of economists. We find that the paradigm shift in economic thought was accompanied by a shift in economists' discourses on labour market policy issues." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Seeleib-Kaiser, Martin (2017): The truncated German social investment turn. In: A. Hemerijck (Hrsg.) (2017): The uses of social investment, S. 227-234. DOI:10.1093/oso/9780198790488.003.0020

Abstract

"Traditionally Germany has been categorized as the archetypical conservative welfare state, a categorization not systematically questioned in much of the comparative welfare state regime literature. For many scholars Germany was largely stuck and unable to reform its coordinated market economy and welfare state arrangements at the turn of the twenty-first century, due to a large number of veto points and players and the dominance of two 'welfare state parties'. More recent research has highlighted a widening and deepening of the historically institutionalized social protection dualism, whilst at the same time significant family policy transformations, which can be considered as partially in line with the social investment paradigm, have been emphasized. This chapter sets out to sketch the main policy developments and aims to identify political determinants of social policy change in Germany." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Stockmann, Reinhard & Wolfgang Meyer (Hrsg.) (2017): Die Zukunft der Evaluation. Trends, Herausforderungen, Perspektiven. (Sozialwissenschaftliche Evaluationsforschung 13), Münster: Waxmann, 257 S.

Abstract

"Die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Evaluation ist weltweit ein außergewöhnlicher Erfolg und seit zwanzig Jahren durch ein extremes Wachstum gekennzeichnet. Dies gilt auch für Deutschland, wo Evaluation auf verschiedenen Ebenen institutionalisiert werden konnte. Das vorliegende Buch befasst sich mit drei unterschiedlichen Facetten dieser Institutionalisierung und wagt dabei einen Blick auf mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungstrends.
Im ersten Abschnitt steht die Verankerung von Evaluation in der Gesellschaft im Zentrum der Betrachtungen. Zweifellos ist ohne die rapide wachsende Nachfrage öffentlicher Auftraggeber der Erfolg von Evaluation nicht zu erklären. Wieso aber Evaluation zu einem Schlüsselkonzept gesellschaftlicher Entwicklung geworden ist und ob dieser Trend sich unvermindert fortsetzen wird, sind derzeit offene Fragen.
Damit Evaluation die beschriebenen Funktionen, Anforderungen und Erwartungen in der Gesellschaft erfüllen kann, bedarf es auf der anderen Seite eines professionellen Angebots an entsprechenden Dienstleistungen und Produkten. Die hierfür benötigten Qualifikationen und fachlichen Grundlagen werden allgemein im Wissenschaftssystem vermittelt. Die Entwicklung der Verankerung von Evaluation in Forschung und Lehre sowie die dort zu erwartenden Trends stehen im Fokus des zweiten Abschnitts.
Eng verbunden damit ist die Frage, ob Evaluation zu einer eigenständigen Profession werden soll oder sich als spezieller Anwendungsbereich in den Fachdisziplinen institutionalisieren sollte. Dies betrifft den Stand der Theorie und Methodenentwicklung in der Evaluation sowie deren Alleinstellungsmerkmale gegenüber den etablierten Sozialwissenschaften." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Vandenbroucke, Frank (2017): Structural convergence vs. systems competition. Limits to the diversity of labour market policies in the EMU. Fellowship initiative "Challenges to Integrated Markets". (European economy. Discussion paper 065), Brüssel, 41 S. DOI:10.2765/38194

Abstract

"This essay explores the question of whether successful monetary unions need to limit the diversity of its members' labour market policies and institutions.
DG ECFIN's Fellowship Initiative 2016-2017 'Challenges to integrated markets' culminates and comes to a successful conclusion with the publication of the fellows' contributed papers in our Discussion paper series. Against the background of increasing strains to economic integration at both the global and the European level, the Initiative has brought together a group of outstanding scholars to re-examine integration challenges at the current juncture and to explore the policy options to address these challenges in a discursive interaction process between the group of fellows and Commission services. The research themes of the fellows have spanned a broad area including topics in the political economy of globalisation and integration, issues of macroeconomic policy making at the zero lower interest rate bound, and market integration challenges not least in view of deepening EMU." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Europäische Kommission. Generaldirektion Wirtschaft und Finanzen (2017): The recent reform of the labour market in Italy. A review. (European economy. Discussion paper 072), Brüssel, 42 S. DOI:10.2765/049593

Abstract

"Italy undertook a major reform of the labour market in 2014-2015 (Jobs Act). This paper provides a compendium of the key changes introduced. The analysis shows that the Jobs Act has contributed to bringing Italian labour market institutions more closely into line with international benchmarks and with the principles of flexicurity. Employment protection legislation for permanent contracts has been brought into line with that of major European partners, although it remains more restrictive than the OECD average. The focus of passive labour market policies has shifted from job to worker protection, which will facilitate the reallocation of workers to more productive occupations. The designed strengthening of active labour market policies would improve job matching and reduce structural unemployment, but thorough implementation remains the key factor for achieving this critical goal. Extending the new rules on employment protection legislation also to existing permanent contracts and the strengthening of the collective bargaining framework could be considered as a follow up to the recent reform. Flanking measures to open product markets and reform the public sector are crucial to deliver the entire potential impact of the reform." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Adăscăliței, Dragoș & Clemente Pignatti Morano (2016): Drivers and effects of labour market reforms. Evidence from a novel policy compendium. In: IZA journal of labor policy, Jg. 5, S. 1-32. DOI:10.1186/s40173-016-0071-z

Abstract

"The paper analyses the determinants and short-term effects of labour market reforms, using information from a novel policy compendium that covers 110 developed and developing economies between 2008 and 2014. We find that the approval of reforms is positively associated with the unemployment rate, the simultaneous implementation of fiscal consolidation measures and the presence of a fixed exchange rate regime. Differences in the results are explored by looking at the direction of reforms (i.e. increasing or decreasing legislation), temporal horizon (i.e. temporary or permanent measures) and coverage (i.e. complete or two-tier reforms); while also analysing separately reforms' determinants across domains of labour legislation (e.g. permanent contracts, collective dismissals). Finally, we find that deregulatory labour market reforms tend to increase the unemployment rate in the short run when they are approved during contractionary periods -- while they have a non-significant effect when approved during periods of economic stability or expansion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Eichhorst, Werner & Regina Konle-Seidl (2016): Evaluating labour market policy. (IZA discussion paper 9966), Bonn, 16 S.

Abstract

"Labour market institutions are deemed to have a great influence on the level and structure of employment. This holds for regulation on employment protection, minimum wages or tax/benefit systems as well as active labour market policies. This is why policy makers implement labour market reforms in order to stimulate job creation. The hope linked to labour market reforms is a sustainable reduction of structural and cyclical unemployment. This chapter reviews major approaches and findings on the evaluation of the impact of different labour market institutions but pays particular attention to active labour market policies that play an important role in the portfolio of economic policy makers in many OECD countries for several decades. Rigorous evaluation in this field has grown rapidly since the early 2000s. Describing concrete evaluation studies we focus on the important role of good data, methodological problems and discuss the impact on participants as well as possible effects on non-participants. We further describe how to investigate whether a programme also achieved positive net effects at a macroeconomic level. Finally, we have a closer look on policy implications and interactions with other institutional features." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Figerl, Jürgen, Rudolf Moser & Dennis Tamesberger (2016): "Magisches Vieleck" der Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Ein Vorschlag für eine humane und ökonomisch vernünftige Perspektive. In: SWS-Rundschau, Jg. 56, H. 4, S. 468-488.

Abstract

"Aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik als ein bedeutendes sozial- und wirtschaftspolitisches Handlungsfeld hat mehrere Ziele und Interessengruppen zu vereinen. In der alltäglichen Debatte sowie auch offiziell im Arbeitsmarktservicegesetz werden meist die Wiedereingliederung von Arbeitslosen in den Arbeitsmarkt und die Senkung von Arbeitslosigkeit als Ziele angegeben. Der Artikel schlägt einen erweiterten Zielkanon im Sinne eines magischen Vieleckes für aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik vor. Hierbei charakterisiert sich eine humane und ökonomisch vernünftige Arbeitsmarktpolitik durch eine ausgewogene Berücksichtigung der Interessen von ArbeitnehmerInnen und ArbeitgeberInnen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden zentrale Instrumente der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik in Österreich (Eingliederungsbeihilfe, Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen, sozialökonomische Betriebe und gemeinnützige Beschäftigungsprojekte, Beratungs- und Betreuungseinrichtungen) auf Mikro- und auf Makroebene evaluiert. Es wird gezeigt, dass Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen in der Lage sind, die meisten Ziele zu vereinen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Köppe, Stephan, Benjamin Ewert & Florian Blank (2016): Welfare user roles in a conservative welfare state. Are Germans citizens, consumers or co-producers? In: Journal of international and comparative social policy, Jg. 32, H. 1, S. 1-16. DOI:10.1080/21699763.2015.1118400

Abstract

"Many welfare states have embraced choice and market mechanisms since the 1990s. With respect to welfare users, it has been argued that this led to a change from citizens to consumers. This paper challenges this observation and discusses changes of welfare user roles in the German welfare state. The main argument rests on the assumption that user roles are much more complex and include claimants and co-producers in addition to citizens and consumers. Based on this heuristic model of multiple user roles, empirical evidence for user roles in pension insurance, health care and schools is presented. Indeed, we observe a shift towards consumers in many fields of welfare provision, but German users are still largely addressed as claimants and citizens. Moreover, they are acting as active co-producers, entitled claimants, subversive consumers and needy patients." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Barnow, Burt S. & Jeffrey Smith (2015): Employment and training programs. (NBER working paper 21659), Cambrige, Mass., 154 S. DOI:10.3386/w21659

Abstract

"This chapter considers means-tested employment and training programs in the United States. We focus in particular on large, means-tested federal programs, including the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA), its successor the Workforce Investment Act (WIA), that program's recent replacement, the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), the long-running Job Corps program, and the Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) program. The first part of the chapter provides details on program history, organization, expenditures, eligibility rules, services, and participant characteristics. In the second part of the chapter, we discuss the applied econometric methods typically used to evaluate these programs, which in the United States means primarily social experiments and methods such as matching that rely on an assumption of 'selection on observed variables.' The third part of the chapter reviews the literature evaluating these programs, highlighting both methodological and substantive lessons learned as well as open questions. The fourth part of the chapter considers what lessons the evaluation literature provides on program operation, especially how to best allocate particular services to particular participants. The final section concludes with the big picture lessons from this literature and discussion of promising directions for future research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Card, David, Jochen Kluve & Andrea Weber (2015): What works? A meta analysis of recent active labor market program evaluations. (IZA discussion paper 9236), Bonn, 54 S.

Abstract

"We present a meta-analysis of impact estimates from over 200 recent econometric evaluations of active labor market programs from around the world. We classify estimates by program type and participant group, and distinguish between three different post-program time horizons. Using meta-analytic models for the effect size of a given estimate (for studies that model the probability of employment) and for the sign and significance of the estimate (for all the studies in our sample) we conclude that: (1) average impacts are close to zero in the short run, but become more positive 2-3 years after completion of the program; (2) the time profile of impacts varies by type of program, with larger gains for programs that emphasize human capital accumulation; (3) there is systematic heterogeneity across participant groups, with larger impacts for females and participants who enter from long term unemployment; (4) active labor market programs are more likely to show positive impacts in a recession." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Carter, Eleanor & Adam Whitworth (2015): Creaming and parking in quasi-marketised welfare-to-work schemes. Designed out of or designed in to the UK work programme? In: Journal of social policy, Jg. 44, H. 2, S. 277-296. DOI:10.1017/S0047279414000841

Abstract

"'Creaming' and 'parking' are endemic concerns within quasi-marketised welfare-to-work (WTW) systems internationally, and the UK's flagship Work Programme for the long-term unemployed is something of an international pioneer of WTW delivery, based on outsourcing, payment by results and provider flexibility. In the Work Programme design, providers' incentives to 'cream' and 'park' differently positioned claimants are intended to be mitigated through the existence of nine payment groups (based on claimants' prior benefit type) into which different claimants are allocated and across which job outcome payments for providers differ. Evaluation evidence suggests however that 'creaming' and 'parking' practices remain common. This paper offers original quantitative insights into the extent of claimant variation within these payment groups, which, contrary to the government's intention, seem more likely to design in rather than design out 'creaming' and 'parking'. In response, a statistical approach to differential payment setting is explored and is shown to be a viable and more effective way to design a set of alternative and empirically grounded payment groups, offering greater predictive power and value-for-money than is the case in the current Work Programme design." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Cholezas, Ioannis & Nikolaos C. Kanellopoulos (2015): Labour market reforms in Greece and the wage curve. In: Economics letters, Jg. 136, H. November, S. 19-21. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2015.08.026

Abstract

"We offer strong evidence of a wage curve mechanism in Greece, which seems to be substantially enhanced by reforms aimed at increasing labour market flexibility. Male, older, more qualified and rural employees appear to be more sensitive to regional unemployment." (Author's abstract, © 2015 Elsevier) ((en))

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Gal, Peter & Adam Theising (2015): The macroeconomic impact of policies on labour market outcomes in OECD countries. A reassessment. (OECD Economics Department working papers 1271), Paris, 65 S. DOI:10.1787/5jrqc6t8ktjf-en

Abstract

"This paper presents a first set of updates and extensions of the large body of existing evidence about the aggregate labour market impact of structural policies, in the context of enhancing the OECD's supply-side framework for the quantification of reform packages. In line with previous findings, elements of the tax benefit system, activation policies and wage setting institutions are found to be robust policy determinants of the aggregate employment and unemployment rates. Looking beyond the overall employment impact, outcomes for vulnerable groups such as the low educated, the youth and the elderly tend to be more affected by certain structural policies, including specific measures targeted at them. Finally, more competition-friendly product market regulations are also found to impact aggregate employment rates positively and significantly, although less robustly." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Lavagnini, Martina & Antonella Mennella (2015): The latest italian labour market reforms in the perspective of decent work basic-relations-fairness proposal. In: Global Labour Journal, Jg. 6, H. 2, S. 156-172.

Abstract

"This work is a contribution to the debate on 'decent work', here developed as an instrument to measure an aspect of human development. The concept, conceived by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in 1999, is here interpreted in relation to Sen's (1999) capability approach. The main idea is that decent work 'can be a liberator' (Sen, 1999: 116). Elements identified in the basicrelations- fairness proposal are grouped into three profiles, which are ordered into two levels. Obstacles to decent work or 'working defects' are understood as the distance from the actual to the desired labour condition, and improvements of the quality of labour are interpreted as approaching the desired situation. The proposal is firstly presented theoretically, then used to interpret labour market reforms in Italy from the 'Treu law' in 1997 to 'Fornero reform' in 2012." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Martin, John P. (2015): Activation and active labour market policies in OECD countries. Stylised facts and evidence on their effectiveness. In: IZA journal of labor policy, Jg. 4, S. 1-29. DOI:10.1186/s40173-015-0032-y

Abstract

"Activation policies aimed at getting working-age people off benefits and into work have become a buzzword in labour market policies. Yet they are defined and implemented differently across OECD countries and their success rates vary too. The Great Recession has posed a severe stress test for these policies with some commentators arguing that they are at best 'fair weather' policies. This paper sheds light on these issues mainly via the lens of recent OECD research. It presents the stylized facts on how OECD countries have responded to the Great Recession in terms of ramping up their spending on active labour market policies (ALMPs), a key component in any activation strategy. It then reviews the macroeconomic evidence on the impact of ALMPs on employment and unemployment rates. This is followed by a review of the key lessons from recent OECD country reviews of activation policies. It concludes with a discussion of crucial unanswered questions about activation." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Mayhew, Ken (2015): UK labour market policy then and now. In: Oxford review of economic policy, Jg. 31, H. 2, S. 199-216. DOI:10.1093/oxrep/grv017

Abstract

"This article considers the evolution of UK labour market policy during the last 30 years. It does this through the lens of the 'social model'. The social model encompasses the employment relations system, the social welfare system, and the education and training system. It was changed dramatically by the Thatcher and Major governments. The succeeding Labour and Coalition governments largely embraced this new model and, in some ways, increased the pace of change. The consequences for labour market performance - employment, unemployment, productivity, and inequality - are explored." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Stephan, Gaëtan & Julien Lecumberry (2015): The German unemployment since the Hartz reforms. Permanent or transitory fall? In: Economics letters, Jg. 136, H. November, S. 49-54. DOI:10.1016/j.econlet.2015.08.003

Abstract

"The Hartz reforms were designed to make the German labor market more flexible in order to reverse the increasing trend of unemployment. This paper employs unobserved components models in order to distinguish permanent from transitory movements in the German unemployment rate. Our results show that the permanent component of the German unemployment was reduced in the range of 1.1 and 2.6 percentage points after the Hartz reforms." (Author's abstract, © 2015 Elsevier) ((en))

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Wiggan, Jay (2015): Reading active labour market policy politically. An autonomist analysis of Britain's Work Programme and Mandatory Work Activity. In: Critical social policy, Jg. 35, H. 3, S. 369-392. DOI:10.1177/0261018315588231

Abstract

"Drawing on Autonomist Marxist theory this article situates the 2010 - 15 Conservative - Liberal Coalition government's active labour market policy as the most recent phase in a state 'strategy of underdevelopment' (Cleaver, 1977) to erode the autonomy of labour power and facilitate a reconfiguration of labour and work to impose (competition for) undesirable jobs on the terms and conditions offered by capital (Peck, 2001: 349). The article contends that Mandatory Work Activity and the Work Programme facilitate a pattern of differentiated activation, where segmentation and stratification of the non-employed population (re)produces an insecure, disciplined, segmented and stratified labour power for insecure, segmented, stratified labour markets. From the perspective of capital and the state the differential job outcomes associated with these programmes are less a mark of policy failure than of policy success." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Zimmermann, Klaus F. & Alexander S. Kritikos (Hrsg.) (2015): Evidence-based policy making in labor economics. The IZA world of labor guide 2015. London: Bloomsbury, 248 S.

Abstract

"Evidence-based Policy Making in Labor Economics distills and condenses the best thinking and research on labor economic issues to enable decision-makers to make better informed policy decisions. Written by well-known labor economists worldwide, research findings on key policy issues are presented in a compact and readable format, as distillations of comprehensive evidence-based research with concise policy recommendations. Designed to act as a quick reference, this guide brings together summaries of over 100 articles published on IZA World of Labor to give busy policymakers and advisors worldwide instant access to reliable and up-to-date guidance on key policy topics including: migration and integration; the minimum wage; supporting an aging workforce; the gender pay gap; youth unemployment; and education." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2015): Zur Entwicklung der arbeitsmarktbedingten Staatsausgaben in Deutschland. In: Monatsbericht der Deutschen Bundesbank, Jg. 67, H. 4, S. 13-31.

Abstract

Nach einer Abklärung des Begriffs arbeitsmarktbedingter Ausgaben stellt der Bericht über die Finanzentwicklung der Bundesagentur für Arbeit fest, dass sowohl die Ausgaben für das Arbeitslosengeld I als auch für Maßnahmen der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik deutlich abgenommen haben, also die arbeitsmarktbedingten Bundesausgaben (insbesondere Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende), die nach der Hartz IV-Reform zunächst spürbar angestiegen, nach 2009 stetig gesunken sind. Die Ausgabenentwicklung der Gebietskörperschaften für Grundsicherungsleistungen für Arbeitsuchende verläuft insgesamt gesehen ebenfalls in Richtung einer finanziellen Entlastung. Für Bund, Länder und Gemeinden zeichnet sich derzeit aber keine weitere spürbare Entlastung hinsichtlich der arbeitsmarktbedingten Aufwendungen ab. Die fiskalischen Auswirkungen des im Jahr 2015 eingeführten Mindestlohns für verschiedene Berufsgruppen hängen entscheidend von den Beschäftigungseffekten ab. Die ausgelösten Lohnsteigerungen mindern für sich genommen den Transferbedarf seitens des Staates und steigern überdies seine Einnahmen. Soweit Arbeitsplätze wegfallen, was insbesondere bei Anhebungen des Mindestlohns in der Zukunft zu befürchten ist, ergeben sich dagegen Belastungen auch für die öffentlichen Haushalte. Die mit Blick auf eine grundlegende Umgestaltung der Arbeitslosenversicherung im europäischen Kontext mitunter geforderte europäische Arbeitslosenversicherung als teilweiser Ersatz der nationalen Systeme überzeugt die Autoren solange nicht, bis eine deutlich weitergehende und grundlegende Harmonisierung der wirtschafts- und sozialpolitischen Rahmensetzung in der EU erfolgt ist. Der Anhang dokumentiert wichtige finanzwirksame gesetzliche Neuregelungen im Bereich der Arbeitsmarktpolitik seit dem Jahr 2005. (IAB)

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Caliendo, Marco, Robert Mahlstedt & Oscar A. Mitnik (2014): Unobservable, but unimportant? The influence of personality traits (and other usually unobserved variables) for the evaluation of labor market policies. (IZA discussion paper 8337), Bonn, 41 S.

Abstract

"Many commonly used treatment effects estimators rely on the unconfoundedness assumption ('selection on observables') which is fundamentally non-testable. When evaluating the effects of labor market policies, researchers need to observe variables that affect both treatment participation and labor market outcomes. Even though in many countries it is possible to access (very) informative administrative data, concerns about the validity of the unconfoundedness assumption remain. The main concern is that the observed characteristics of the individuals may not be enough to properly address potential selection bias. This is especially relevant in light of the research on the influence of personality traits and attitudes on economic outcomes. We exploit a unique dataset that contains a rich set of administrative information on individuals entering unemployment in Germany, as well as several usually unobserved characteristics like personality traits, attitudes, expectations, and job search behavior. This allows us to empirically assess how estimators based on the unconfoundedness assumption perform when alternatively including or not these usually unobserved variables. Our findings indicate that these variables play a significant role for selection into treatment and labor market outcomes, but do not make for the most part a significant difference in the estimation of treatment effects, compared to specifications that include detailed labor market histories. This suggests that rich administrative data may be good enough to draw policy conclusions on the effectiveness of active labor market policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Enichlmair, Christina & Eva Heckl (2014): Erfolg arbeitsmarktpolitischer Bildungsmaßnahmen. Angewandte Kriterien und Indikatoren am Beispiel Deutschland. (AMS report 104), Wien, 47 S.

Abstract

"Ziel dieser von der KMU Forschung Austria im Auftrag der Abt. Arbeitsmarktforschung und Berufsinformation des AMS Österreich im Jahr 2013 realisierten Studie ist eine Darstellung, wie in Deutschland der Erfolg arbeitsmarktpolitischer Bildungsmaßnahmen definiert wird und welche Indikatoren herangezogen werden, um diesen Erfolg zu messen.
Nach der Einleitung (Kapitel 1) wird in Kapitel 2 erläutert, wie die Arbeitsmarktpolitik in Deutschland organisiert ist, welche Instrumente es im (Weiter-)Bildungsbereich gibt und welche im Rahmen der Studie untersucht werden. Zudem werden die Besonderheiten in der deutschen Wirkungsforschung dargestellt und erläutert, auf welche Datengrundlagen bei Evaluierungen / Wirkungsanalysen von arbeitsmarktpolitischen Instrumenten im Bildungsbereich zurückgegriffen wird.
Kapitel 3 behandelt die konkreten Erfolgskriterien und Indikatoren, die in Deutschland für die Wirkungsanalyse von Bildungsmaßnahmen herangezogen werden. Soweit es möglich ist, werden diese den Bewertungskriterien für arbeitsmarktpolitische Bildungsmaßnahmen gemäß AMS Österreich zugeordnet, um eine bessere Übersichtlichkeit und Vergleichbarkeit mit den österreichischen Indikatoren zu gewährleisten. In Kapitel 4 werden die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung in einer zusammenfassenden Analyse dargestellt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Arranz, José María, Carlos García Serrano & Virginia Hernanz (2013): Active labour market policies in Spain. A macroeconomic evaluation. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 152, H. 2, S. 327-348. DOI:10.1111/j.1564-913X.2013.00182.x

Abstract

"Using aggregate panel data on Spain's 17 regions for the period 1987 - 2010, the authors present a macroeconomic assessment of a variety of active labour market policies, including employment subsidies for permanent contracts, job-creation schemes and vocational training programmes. Their results suggest that employment subsidies for permanent contracts had no notable effect on aggregate levels of permanent or temporary employment. However, they do appear to have had a small positive effect on transitions from unemployment to employment, and from temporary to permanent employment, particularly since the 1997 labour reform. Better targeted subsidies, the authors conclude, would have incurred fewer deadweight and substitution effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bauer, Angela & Thomas Kruppe (2013): Policy Styles. Zur Genese des Politikstilkonzepts und dessen Einbindung in Evaluationsstudien. (IAB-Discussion Paper 22/2013), Nürnberg, 30 S.

Abstract

"Dieser Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über den Forschungsstand zum Politikstilkonzept und diskutiert dessen Potenzial für die Analyse der Wirkungen arbeitsmarktpolitischer Programme. Ausgangspunkt ist, dass die Heterogenität administrativer Organisationen stärker in den Blick genommen werden sollte - insbesondere, wenn solche Agenten/-innen des Wandels einem fundamentalen inneren Reformprozess unterliegen. Ihr Agieren sowie ihre Offenheit für Reformen kann so erschlossen und kategorisiert und Hypothesen zur ihrer Reform- und Lernfähigkeit generiert werden. Bisherige Politikstilanalysen fallen hingegen oftmals durch definitorische Beliebigkeit und mangelnde Operationalisierung auf. Ziel ist es deshalb, den Forschungsstand zu strukturieren und aufzuzeigen, wie das Konzept für eine auf Wirkungsfragen abzielende Evaluationsforschung fruchtbar gemacht werden kann. Da der Blick so u.a. auch auf komplexe Bereiche wie Informelles und die kulturelle Verankerung von (Organisations-)Politik gelegt wird, können selbst zunächst irrational wirkende Muster eines variablen Instrumenteneinsatzes systematisch erfasst werden. Insbesondere im Kontext von Analysen arbeitsmarktpolitischer Programme stellt dieses Konzept eine wichtige Ergänzung zu ökonomischen und soziologischen Ansätzen dar, wenn es um die Evaluation von Instrumentenwahl bzw. Instrumenteneinsatz und deren Wirkungen z.B. auf die individuellen Eingliederungschancen der Teilnehmenden geht. Eine Verbindung von Kontextwissen aus Politikwissenschaft und Soziologie mit ökonometrischer Analyseschärfe verspricht hier eine fruchtbare Symbiose." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Häusermann, Silja, Anton Hemerijck, Daniel Clegg, Jane Jenson, Johan B. Davidsson, Maarten Keune, Patrick Emmenegger, Ingela Naumann, Jochen Clasen, Bruno Palier, Bernhard Ebbinghaus, Colin Crouch & Maurizio Ferrera (2013): The politics of the new welfare state. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 316 S.

Abstract

"Since the early 1990s, European welfare states have undergone substantial changes, in terms of objectives, areas of intervention, and instruments. Traditional programmes, such as old age pensions have been curtailed throughout the continent, while new functions have been taken up. At present, welfare states are expected to help non-working people back into employment, to complement work income for the working poor, to reconcile work and family life, to promote gender equality, to support child development, and to provide social services for an ageing society. The welfare settlement that is emerging at the beginning of the 21st century is nonetheless very different in terms of functions and instruments from the one inherited from the last century. This book seeks to offer a better understanding of the new welfare settlement, and to analyze the factors that have shaped the recent transformation." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Inhaltsverzeichnis:
Giuliano Bonoli, David Natali: The Politics of the 'New' Welfare States: Analysing Reforms in Western Europe (3-17);
Jane Jenson: A New Politics for the Social Investment Perspective: Objectives, Instruments, and Areas of Intervention in Welfare Regimes (21-44);
Colin Crouch, Maarten Keune: The Governance of Economic Uncertainty: Beyond the 'New Social Risks' Analysis (45-67);
Anton Hemerijck: Stress-testing the New Welfare State (68-90);
Giuliano Bonoll: Blame Avoidance and Credit Claiming Revisited (93-110);
Silja Häusermann: The Politics of Old and New Social Policies (111-132);
Jochen Clasen, Daniel Clegg: Adapting Labour Market Policy to a Transformed Employment Structure: The Politics of 'Triple Integration' (135-157);
Ingela Naumann: Childcare Politics in the 'New' Welfare State: Class, Religion, and Gender in the Shaping of Political Agendas (158-181);
Bernhard Ebbinghaus: Europe's Transformations Towards a Renewed Pension System (182-205);
Johan B. Davidsson, Patrick Emmenegger: Insider-Outsider Dynamics and the Reform of Job Security Legislation (206-229);
Bruno Palier: Tuming Vice into Vice: How Bismarckian Welfare States have Gone from Unsustainability to Dualization (233-255);
Maurizio Ferrera: The New Spatial Politics of Welfare in the EU (256-283);
Giuliano Bonoli, David Natali: Multidimensional Transformations in the Early 21st Century Welfare States (287-306).

Abstract

"This report provides an initial evaluation of the comprehensive reform of the Spanish labour market undertaken in 2012. The report was commissioned to the OECD by the Spanish government and it complements the evaluation of the 2012 labour market reform undertaken by the Labour Ministry (Ministerio de Empleo y Seguridad Social (MEySS)) and presented in September 2013.
The evaluation presented in this report should be considered preliminary and mainly confined to the short-time impact of the reform, given the fact that only a short amount of time has passed since the reform was undertaken and the complexity of assessing the impact of such a comprehensive reform.
The objective of this report is to describe the key components of the 2012 reform and place them in the context of the evolution of labour market institutions in other OECD member countries, with a particular focus on collective bargaining and employment protection legislation. The report also assesses the impact of the reform on the ability of firms to adjust wages and working time to cope with demand shocks (so-called internal flexibility), as well as the flows in the labour market for different types of contracts and the overall duality of the Spanish labour market. The report also considers what complementary reforms would be required to improve the effectiveness of the labour market reform, in particular in the area of active labour market policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"In dem Bericht sind die arbeitsmarktpolitischen Meilensteine der 17. Legislaturperiode im Bereich der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende (Zweites Buch Sozialgesetzbuch - SGB II) und im Bereich der Arbeitsförderung (Drittes Buch Sozialgesetzbuch - SGB III) dargestellt. Der Bericht gibt zudem einen Überblick über zentrale arbeitsmarktpolitische Bundesprogramme sowie über das Fachkräftekonzept der Bundesregierung. Erfolge, die auf dem Arbeitsmarkt erzielt wurden und Herausforderungen, vor denen die Arbeitsmarkpolitik künftig steht, werden in dem Bericht aufgezeigt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Brown, Alessio J. G. & Johannes Köttl (2012): Active labor market programs. Employment gain or fiscal drain? (Kieler Arbeitspapier 1785), Kiel, 46 S.

Abstract

"This paper provides a new perspective in classifying ALMPs depending on their main objective, also in light of their relevance and cost-effectiveness during normal times, during a crisis, and during recovery. We distinguish ALMPs that provide incentives for retaining employment, incentives for creating employment, incentives for seeking and keeping a job, incentives for human capital enhancement, and improved labor market matching. We will discuss their direct and indirect effects determining their cost- effectiveness as well as to provide examples which may provide lessons to learn for transition and developing countries. This paper provides a systematic overview of how, why, when and to what extent specific policies are effective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Fricke, Hans, Susanne Koch & Peter Kupka (2012): Evaluation von Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Methoden, Möglichkeiten, Grenzen. In: S. Bothfeld, W. Sesselmeier & C. Bogedan (Hrsg.) (2012): Arbeitsmarktpolitik in der sozialen Marktwirtschaft : vom Arbeitsförderungsgesetz zum Sozialgesetzbuch II und III, S. 213-229, 2011-06-01. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-00145-2_13

Abstract

"Welchen Stellenwert die Evaluation aktiver Arbeitsmarktpolitik in der Wahrnehmung zumindest der (politischen) Fachöffentlichkeit inzwischen hat, zeigt sich daran, dass die im Koalitionsvertrag zwischen CDU, CSU und FDP aus dem Jahr 2009 (CDU/CSU/FDP 2009) enthaltene Klausel, dass die arbeitsmarktpolitischen Instrumente 'auf den Prüfstand gestellt' werden sollen, ganz automatisch in einen umfassenden Evaluationsauftrag übersetzt wurde. Sicherlich ist Arbeitsmarktpolitik heute eines der Politikfelder mit dem höchsten Maß an wissenschaftlicher Begleitung und Diskurs zwischen Wissenschaft und Politik. Evaluation steht im Dienste einer evidenzbasierten Politik." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)