Migration und Integration
Bei dem Thema Einwanderung nach Deutschland gilt es auch die Bedingungen einer gelingenden Integration von Zugewanderten in Gesellschaft, Bildung und Arbeit zu untersuchen. Die Arbeitsmarktforschung beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie die Integration in das Bildungs- und Ausbildungssystem, der Zugang zum Arbeitsmarkt sowie die Bedingungen der sozialen Teilhabe und kulturellen Integration verbessert werden können.
Aktuelle Studien zeigen zudem, dass Deutschland angesichts seiner demographischen Herausforderungen dringend auf Zuwanderung angewiesen ist. Inwiefern kann Zuwanderung der Schrumpfung und Alterung des Erwerbspersonenpotenzials entgegenwirken? Welche Entwicklungen in der nationalen und europäischen Einwanderungspolitik begünstigen die Einwanderung von Erwerbspersonen und Fachkräften? Die hier zusammengestellte Literatur bietet einen aktuellen und umfassenden Überblick über den Themenkomplex Migration und Integration.
Literatur zum Thema Flucht und Asyl finden Sie in unserer IAB-Infoplattform Fluchtmigrantinnen und -migranten - Bildung und Arbeitsmarkt.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Does Free Movement of Workers Boost Immigrant Employment? New Evidence from Germany (2021)
Zitatform
Kosyakova, Yuliya & Herbert Brücker (2021): Does Free Movement of Workers Boost Immigrant Employment? New Evidence from Germany. In: Migration Studies, Jg. 9, H. 4, S. 1734-1762., 2021-10-01. DOI:10.1093/migration/mnab047
Abstract
"Extending free movement of workers (FMW) to the new Member States from Central and Eastern Europe was one of the most controversial political decisions in the history of the European Union. In this article, we study how the introduction of FMW affected immigrants’ labor market integration in Germany. Using data from the IAB-SOEP Migration Sample, we show that the introduction of FMW was associated with a higher influx of skilled workers. Moreover, FMW has increased the probability of labor market entry within one year after arrival by 12 percentage points. Correspondingly, FMW improved welfare not only by increasing the scale of migration but also by raising immigrants’ skill level and reducing the time before entry into the labor market. Our findings thus yield new insights on the beneficial effects of FMW on labor market integration of immigrants in the Common Market." (Author's abstract, © 2021 Oxford University Press) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does Immigration Grow the Pie?: Asymmetric Evidence from Germany (2021)
Maffei-Faccioli, Nicolo; Vella, Eugenia;Zitatform
Maffei-Faccioli, Nicolo & Eugenia Vella (2021): Does Immigration Grow the Pie? Asymmetric Evidence from Germany. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 138. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103846
Abstract
"We provide empirical evidence suggesting that net migration shocks can have substantial demand effects, potentially acting like positive Keynesian supply shocks. Using monthly administrative data (2006–2019) for Germany in a structural VAR, we show that the shocks stimulate vacancies, wages, house prices, consumption, investment, net exports, and output. Unemployment falls for natives (dominant job-creation effect), driving a decline in total unemployment, while rising for foreigners (dominant job-competition effect). The geographic origin of migrants and the education level of residents matter crucially for the transmission. Overall, the evidence implies that the policy debate should focus on redistributive strategies between natives and foreigners." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2021 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does Immigration Grow the Pie?: Asymmetric Evidence from Germany (2021)
Maffei-Faccioli, Nicolo; Vella, Eugenia;Zitatform
Maffei-Faccioli, Nicolo & Eugenia Vella (2021): Does Immigration Grow the Pie? Asymmetric Evidence from Germany. (Working paper series / Athens University of Economics and Business, Department of International and European Economic Studies 2021-05), Athen, 38 S.
Abstract
"We provide empirical evidence suggesting that net migration shocks can have substantial demand effects, potentially acting like positive Keynesian supply shocks. Using monthly administrative data (2006-2019) for Germany in a structural VAR, we show that the shocks stimulate vacancies, wages, house prices, consumption, investment, net exports, and output. Unemployment falls for natives (dominant jobcreation effect), driving a decline in total unemployment, while rising for foreigners (dominant job-competition effect). The geographic origin of migrants and the education level of residents matter crucially for the transmission. Overall, the evidence implies that the policy debate should focus on redistributive strategies between natives and foreigners." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Should I stay or should I go? Langfristige Auswirkungen von qualifikationsspezifischen Wanderungsströmen auf Arbeitsangebot und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung (2021)
Zitatform
Maier, Tobias, Michael Kalinowski, Carolin Böse, Nadja Schmitz, Anke Mönnig & Gerd Zika (2021): Should I stay or should I go? Langfristige Auswirkungen von qualifikationsspezifischen Wanderungsströmen auf Arbeitsangebot und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung. (BIBB-Report 2021,01), Leverkusen, 16 S.
Abstract
"Aufgrund der Alterung der Gesellschaft wird die Anzahl an Erwerbspersonen zwischen 2020 und 2040 um rund 1,8 Millionen Personen zurückgehen. Dies zeigt die QuBe-Basisprojektion, welche von durchschnittlichen jährlichen Wanderungsgewinnen von rund 240.000 Personen ausgeht. In diesem Beitrag demonstrieren wir anhand zweier alternativer Szenarien, was eine geringfügige Erhöhung der Zuwanderung („Pull-Szenario“) bzw. Verringerung der Abwanderung („Bleibe-Szenario“) um jährlich jeweils rund 50.000 Personen im Vergleich zur Basisprojektion ab dem Jahr 2022 bedeuten würde. Beide Wanderungsszenarien entfalten eine positive Wirkung auf das Fachkräfteangebot und die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung. Es wird jedoch deutlich, dass eine Erhöhung der Bleibewahrscheinlichkeit einen unmittelbareren und stärkeren Effekt auf die Bevölkerungsentwicklung und die Wirtschaft hat, da nur jede zweite zuwandernde Person langfristig in Deutschland verweilt. Es ist deshalb lohnenswert, die Bleibewahrscheinlichkeit ausländischer Fachkräfte in Deutschland, z. B. durch die Anerkennung ausländischer Berufsqualifikationen, zu erhöhen. Vor allem das Fachkräfteangebot der mittleren Qualifikationsebene würde davon profitieren." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Zika, Gerd; -
Literaturhinweis
Population Aging and Migration (2021)
Poutvaara, Panu;Zitatform
Poutvaara, Panu (2021): Population Aging and Migration. (IZA discussion paper 14389), Bonn, 24 S.
Abstract
"International migration flows largely reflect demographic patterns and economic opportunities. Migration flows increase in expected income and other pull factors in potential destinations, and in push factors in the origin, like high unemployment, low wages, and high population growth. Migration flows decrease in the geographic and cultural distance between the potential origin and destination, and in other migration costs. To the extent that migrants are employed, immigration can alleviate challenges arising from population aging. For origin countries, the effects of migration may go either way, depending on whether increased incentives to invest in education are sufficient to compensate the loss of skilled workers. Throughout the 20th century, Northern America and Australia and New Zealand attracted highest immigration flows. Latin America was consistently a continent of emigration. Europe went through a major reversal from a continent of emigration until 1950s to a continent of immigration. In the 21st century, crucial questions for demographic and migration research are how fertility rate and emigration rate are going to develop in Africa. Even modest increases in emigration from Africa would generate major increases in immigration pressure in the rest of the world, mostly in Europe. Other major questions on the future research agenda are the effects of the climate change and rapid improvements in information technology." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employer sanctions: A policy with a pitfall? (2021)
Stark, Oded; Jakubek, Marcin;Zitatform
Stark, Oded & Marcin Jakubek (2021): Employer sanctions: A policy with a pitfall? (University of Tübingen working papers in business and economics 149), Tübingen, 20 S. DOI:10.15496/publikation-57928
Abstract
"This chapter investigates the impact of the imposition of sanctions for employing illegal migrants on the welfare of native laborers. In response to such sanctions, managers in a firm may be reassigned from the supervision of production to the verification of the legality of the firm's labor force. The chapter analyzes three different conditions of the host country's labor market: full employment, voluntary unemployment, and minimal wage in combination with involuntary unemployment. It is shown that when the sanctions are steep enough, a profit-maximizing firm will assign managers to verification, which impedes the firm's productivity. The impact on the wages and / or employment of the native laborers depends on the efficiency of the verification technology, namely on the percentage of the 'filtered out' illegal laborers in relation to the fraction of reassigned managers. If this efficiency is not high enough, the sanctions bring in their wake consequences that fly in the face of the very aim of their introduction: the welfare of the native laborers will take a beating." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Task specialization and the native-foreign wage gap: Evidence from worker-level data (2021)
Zitatform
Storm, Eduard (2021): Task specialization and the native-foreign wage gap: Evidence from worker-level data. (Ruhr economic papers 928), Essen, 36 S. DOI:10.4419/96973086
Abstract
"Running RIF regressions to decompose wage differences along the distribution, this is the first study documenting that worker-level variation in tasks has played a key role in the widening of the German Native-Foreign Wage Gap. Comparing variation in Individual- vs Occupation-level task measures suggests idiosyncratic differences account for up to 34% of the explained wage gap. Importantly, natives specialize in high-paying interactive activities not only between but also within occupations. In contrast, foreign workers specialize in low-paying manual activities. This enhanced degree of task specialization accounts for 11% of the gap near the top of the distribution and 25% near the bottom, thus offering new insight into sources for imperfect substitution of native and foreign workers in the production function and consequently small migration-induced wage effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
spätere (möglw. abweichende) Version erschienen in: Labour -
Literaturhinweis
Firm productivity and immigrant-native earnings disparity (2021)
Åslund, Olof; Bratu, Cristina; Thoresson, Anna; Lombardi, Stefano;Zitatform
Åslund, Olof, Cristina Bratu, Stefano Lombardi & Anna Thoresson (2021): Firm productivity and immigrant-native earnings disparity. (CReAM discussion paper 2021,37), London, 35 S.
Abstract
"We study the role of firm productivity in explaining earnings disparities between immigrants and natives using population-wide matched employer-employee data from Sweden. We find substantial earnings returns to working in firms with higher persistent productivity, with greater gains for immigrants from non-Western countries. Moreover, the pass-through of within-firm productivity variation to earnings is stronger for immigrants in low-productive, immigrant-dense firms. But immigrant workers are underrepresented in high-productive firms and less likely to move up the productivity distribution. Thus, sorting into less productive firms decreases earnings in poor-performing immigrant groups that would gain the most from working in high-productive firms" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wirtschaftliche Effekte der EU-Arbeitskräftemobilität in den Ziel- und Herkunftsländern: Ein kurzer Literaturüberblick (2020)
Zitatform
Bonin, Holger, Annabelle Krause-Pilatus, Ulf Rinne & Herbert Brücker (2020): Wirtschaftliche Effekte der EU-Arbeitskräftemobilität in den Ziel- und Herkunftsländern. Ein kurzer Literaturüberblick. (Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales. Forschungsbericht 554), Bonn, 45 S.
Abstract
"Der Literaturüberblick bildet den Forschungsstand zu den Effekten der EU-Binnenmigration und ihres Beitrags zur Konvergenz in der Europäischen Union ab. Die Auswirkungen der (Arbeitnehmer-) Freizügigkeit auf die wirtschaftliche und soziale Entwicklung werden diskutiert. Die Analyse bezieht sowohl Ziel- als auch Herkunftsländer der mobilen Erwerbstätigen mit ein. Ausgewertet werden vor allem volkswirtschaftliche (i.d.R. ökonometrische) Studien, zusätzlich werden auch wichtige theoretische Arbeiten in die Darstellung einbezogen. Der Überblick deckt fünf verschiedene Dimensionen ab, die in der Debatte über die wirtschaftliche und soziale Konvergenz der Mitgliedstaaten wesentlich sind und für die aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Migrationsforschung methodisch begründete und empirisch belastbare Erkenntnisse vorliegen: Arbeitsmarktwirkungen, Wachstums- und Produktivitätseffekte, Effekte auf Humankapital (Brain Drain und/oder Brain Gain), fiskalische Effekte sowie soziale und gesellschaftliche Folgen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
An Introduction to the Economics of Immigration in OECD Countries (2020)
Edo, Anthony ; Sweetman, Arthur; Rapoport, Hillel; Ragot, Lionel; Sardoschau, Sulin; Steinmayr, Andreas;Zitatform
Edo, Anthony, Lionel Ragot, Hillel Rapoport, Sulin Sardoschau, Andreas Steinmayr & Arthur Sweetman (2020): An Introduction to the Economics of Immigration in OECD Countries. (IZA discussion paper 13755), 33 S.
Abstract
"The share of the foreign-born in OECD countries is increasing, and this article summarizes economics research on the effects of immigration in those nations. Four broad topics are addressed: labor market issues, fiscal questions, the political economy of immigration, and productivity/international trade. Extreme concerns about deleterious labour market and fiscal impacts following from new immigrants are not found to be warranted. However, it is also clear that government policies and practices regarding the selection and integration of new migrants affect labour market, fiscal and social/cultural outcomes. Policies that are well informed, well crafted, and well executed beneficially improve population welfare." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Let's stick together: Labor market effects from immigrant neighborhood clustering (2020)
Zitatform
Lobo, José & Charlotta Mellander (2020): Let's stick together: Labor market effects from immigrant neighborhood clustering. In: Environment and planning. A, Economy and space, Jg. 52, H. 5, S. 953-980. DOI:10.1177/0308518X19896521
Abstract
"We investigate if there are positive economic effects for individuals residing in ethnic neighborhoods, in particular if the likelihood of labor market participation among foreign-born is affected by residentially aggregating with other people from one’s same native region. We also examine to what extent the income level among foreign-born who have a job is affected by the extent to which they congregate in ethnic enclaves. We use Swedish micro-level data for the time period 2007 to 2015 and run a Heckman estimation for four distinct immigration groups: those from (a) the Middle East; poor and middle-income countries in (b) Africa and (c) Asia; and (d) and those from the former Yugoslavia. We control for personal and neighborhood characteristics as well as workplace characteristics. The results suggest that, in some cases, there may be positive effects from ethnic concentration, but even more from living with first- and second-generation immigrants in general." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2020 a Pion publication) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The long-term growth impact of refugee migration in Europe: A case study (2020)
Manthei, Gerrit;Zitatform
Manthei, Gerrit (2020): The long-term growth impact of refugee migration in Europe. A case study. (Diskussionsbeiträge / Forschungszentrum Generationenverträge 71), Freiburg, 20 S.
Abstract
"Many questions have been raised about the political and economic consequences of the recent surge in refugee immigration in Europe. Can refugee immigration promote long-term per-capita growth? How are the drivers of per-capita growthinfluenced by immigration? What are the policy implications of refugee immigration? Using an adjusted Cobb-Douglas productionfunction,with labour divided into two complementary groups,this study attempts to provide some answers. By applying the model to current immigration data from Germany, the study finds that refugee immigration can lead to long-term per-capita growth in the host country and that the growth is higher if immigrants are relatively young and have sufficiently high qualifications. Further, capital inflowsare a prerequisite for boosting per-capita growth. These findings can inform the migration policiesof countries that continue to grapple with refugee immigration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Understanding access to the labour market through migration channels (2020)
Zitatform
Sandoz, Laure (2020): Understanding access to the labour market through migration channels. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 46, H. 1, S. 222-241. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1502657
Abstract
"The mobility of the 'highly skilled' has become widely researched but only a few researchers have approached this category of migrants from a critical perspective. This article argues that understanding how 'highly skilled migrants' are constructed necessitates considering the conditions in which migration takes place as well as the perceptions and practices associated with these conditions. It uses the concept of 'migration channels' to investigate the enabling and disabling factors associated with different migration situations. The analysis draws on biographic interviews with highly educated migrants in Switzerland, and supplements these with expert interviews and ethnographic observations of people working in institutions that support, guide, or control migrants' access to the labour market. The article shows that categories of migrants are artificial and often do not coincide with lived realities. Migrants actively develop strategies to achieve their personal aspirations, but they also depend on the opportunities available in their environment. The concept of 'migration channels' enables us to capture this interplay between structures and agency by showing how different actors shape the opportunities and constraints faced by different groups of migrants, and how migrants actively deal with them. This concept thus fosters a critical yet empathic understanding of migration experiences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ethnic and migrant penalties in job quality in the UK: the role of residential concentration and occupational clustering (2020)
Zitatform
Zwysen, Wouter & Neli Demireva (2020): Ethnic and migrant penalties in job quality in the UK. The role of residential concentration and occupational clustering. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 46, H. 1, S. 200-221. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1498777
Abstract
"Migrants and ethnic minorities in the UK are found to be disadvantaged in their access to work and earnings, but little is known about the characteristics of the jobs they occupy. This paper studies whether migrants and UK-born ethnic minorities attain similar jobs compared to their white British peers by clustering 17 indicators of job quality - covering intrinsic quality, work-life balance, monetary rewards, and employment conditions - into 5 latent classes. We find that non-white migrants are clustered in the worst jobs, while white migrants do relatively well. UK-born ethnic minorities are indeed less likely to work on the best jobs, but the type of disadvantage differs strongly between ethnic groups. Local deprivation drives some of the worse job quality of UK-born minorities while selection into lower-quality occupations and sectors drives much of the disadvantage of migrants. Co-ethnic support and particularly an economically stronger co-ethnic community in the locality can help shield ethnic minorities from the worst jobs, while ethnic niches in the occupation are associated with low-quality work. Finally, working in migrant-heavy occupations is associated with somewhat lower job quality; primarily affecting other migrants in a possible race to the bottom." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Local labor markets in Canada and the United States (2019)
Albouy, David; Lutz, Chandler; Chernoff, Alex; Warman, Casey;Zitatform
Albouy, David, Alex Chernoff, Chandler Lutz & Casey Warman (2019): Local labor markets in Canada and the United States. (NBER working paper 25709), Cambrige, Mass., 58 S. DOI:10.3386/w25709
Abstract
"We examine local labor markets in the U.S. and Canada from 1990 to 2011 using comparable household and business data. Wage levels and inequality rise with city population in both countries, albeit less in Canada. Neither country saw wage levels converge despite contrasting migration patterns from/to high-wage areas. Local labor demand shifts raise nominal wages similarly, although in Canada they attract immigrant and highly-skilled workers more, while raising housing costs less. Chinese import competition had a weaker negative impact on manufacturing employment in Canada. These results are consistent with Canada's more redistributive transfer system and larger, more-educated immigrant workforce." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Seeking refuge in Europe: spaces of transit and the violence of migration management (2019)
Ansems de Vries, Leonie; Guild, Elspeth;Zitatform
Ansems de Vries, Leonie & Elspeth Guild (2019): Seeking refuge in Europe. Spaces of transit and the violence of migration management. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 45, H. 12, S. 2156-2166. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1468308
Abstract
"In the past few years, spaces of transit have become prominent sites for people seeking refuge in Europe. From railway stations and parks in European cities, to informal settlements around Calais, to the hotspots in Italy and Greece, the movements of people and the techniques that govern them are at the heart of what has been misnamed the 'European refugee crisis'. Drawing on qualitative fieldwork, this article takes spaces of transit as a vantage point for interrogating the relationship between mobility, migration management and violence, focusing on the fracturing of journeys due to forced and obstructed mobility both outside and within the EU. We develop the notion of 'politics of exhaustion' to highlight the impact and protracted character of these forms of migration management - its accumulated effects over time and across spaces - yet without reducing people seeking refuge to passive victims. Struggles for mobility are closely related to the existence and continued adaptation of migration management practices. The notion of fracturing can thus be employed not only to make sense of the violent effects of migration management but also the ways in which conventional conceptions of state and citizenship are challenged by the emergence of alternative living spaces, communities and politics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Im/mobile highly skilled migrants in Qatar (2019)
Zitatform
Babar, Zahra, Michael Ewers & Nabil Khattab (2019): Im/mobile highly skilled migrants in Qatar. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 45, H. 9, S. 1553-1570. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1492372
Abstract
"Most studies on the mobility of highly skilled migrants have been examined with a framework of global talent mobility and under conditions of neoliberal governance and economic globalization. In this study we challenge the notion of the hypermobile knowledge worker. Utilizing mixed methods, we examine the factors that attracted highly skilled migrants to Qatar and the conditions under which they might leave in the future. Rather than finding a group of footloose migrants attracted primarily to high-wage jobs, a lack of taxation or amenities, and with multiple alternative locations of residence, we find that highly skilled migrants exist on a spectrum of immobility. More significantly, this immobility depends on the migrant's region of origin. For Asian and Western migrants immobility is attributed to the Kafala system or employer sponsorship, which hinders occupational and spatial mobility and ties workers to their sponsors. Arab highly skilled migrants are especially affected by lack of security and stability in their home countries, which makes these workers involuntarily immobile. The former group seem to be willing to accept a reduced level of agency and mobility for high income, whereas for the latter security and stability are more fundamental to their decision to come to Qatar." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do immigrants take or create residents' jobs?: evidence from free movement of workers in Switzerland (2019)
Zitatform
Basten, Christoph & Michael Siegenthaler (2019): Do immigrants take or create residents' jobs? Evidence from free movement of workers in Switzerland. In: The Scandinavian journal of economics, Jg. 121, H. 3, S. 994-1019. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12293
Abstract
"In 2002, Switzerland began to adopt free movement of workers with the European Union. We study the effects of the resulting immigration wave on resident workers. We focus on the level of national skill groups and propose an Instrumental Variable approach to address the endogeneity of immigration in this setting. Mostly relying on administrative data on the 2002 - 2011 period, we find that immigration of foreign workers reduced unemployment of residents and had limited adverse effects on their wages and employment. One reason is that younger residents changed to more demanding jobs as a response to the arrival of immigrants." (Autorenreferat, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons)
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Literaturhinweis
Wage performance of immigrants in Germany (2019)
Beyer, Robert C. M.;Zitatform
Beyer, Robert C. M. (2019): Wage performance of immigrants in Germany. In: German economic review, Jg. 20, H. 4, S. e141-e169. DOI:10.1111/geer.12159
Abstract
"This paper updates and deepens our understanding of the wage performance of immigrants in Germany. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel, it documents that immigrant workers initially earn on average 20% less than native workers with otherwise identical characteristics. The gap is smaller for immigrants from advanced countries, with good German language skills, and with a German degree, and larger for others. The gap declines gradually over time but at a decreasing rate and much faster for more recent cohorts. Less success in obtaining jobs with higher occupational autonomy explains half of the wage gap." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Wages of migrant and native employees in Germany: new light on an old issue (2019)
Zitatform
Brunow, Stephan & Oskar Jost (2019): Wages of migrant and native employees in Germany: new light on an old issue. (IAB-Discussion Paper 10/2019), Nürnberg, 48 S.
Abstract
"Voraussichtlich wird die Zahl der in Deutschland beschäftigten Arbeitskräfte zukünftig und demografisch bedingt sinken. Um Fachkräfteengpässen entgegenzuwirken, rückt eine arbeitsmarktgesteuerte Zuwanderung in den Vordergrund. Eine faire und adäquate Entlohnung der zugewanderten Arbeitskräfte setzt die notwendigen Anreize für eine Einwanderung. Das vorliegende Papier analysiert daher das Lohngefälle zwischen ausländischen und einheimischen Vollzeitbeschäftigten. Die Ergebnisse der dreiteiligen Oaxaca-Blinder-Zerlegung auf Basis einer Mincer-Lohngleichung zeigen, dass das Lohngefälle zum Großteil durch beobachtbare Unterschiede in der Ausstattung erklärt werden. Insbesondere Arbeitsmarktregion, Arbeitserfahrung und Firmenmerkmale tragen dazu bei. Unterschiede in der Produktivität können vernachlässigt werden mit der Ausnahme der Arbeitsmarkterfahrung. Hier zeigen sich flachere Erfahrungsprofile der ausländischen Beschäftigten. Die Ergebnisse sind robust und zeigen sich für verschiedene Modellspezifikationen, die u.a. die Selektivität der ausländischen Beschäftigten berücksichtigen. Etwaige Produktivitätsnachteile verschwinden für Ausländer, die mehr als zehn Jahre in den Daten beobachtet oder eingebürgert werden. Unsere Ergebnisse führen zu dem Schluss, dass Lohnunterschiede aus ökonomischer Sicht vernachlässigbar sind und vollzeitbeschäftigte Ausländer im Durchschnitt fair entlohnt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Einwanderungspolitik
- Auswirkungen von Migration
- Wanderungsmotivation und Rückwanderung
- Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Qualifikation, Bildung und Beschäftigung
- Integration und soziale Teilhabe
- internationale Aspekte
- Personengruppen