Brain Drain? Brain Gain? Folgen der internationalen Wanderung
Arbeitskräftemobilität über Staatsgrenzen hinweg ist ein mit Hoffnungen und Ängsten verbundenes Phänomen. In der politischen Debatte konkurrieren auf Begrenzung zielende Reaktionsmuster mit Vorschlägen, die auf eine aktive Steuerung der Migration in den heimischen Arbeitsmarkt zielen.
Was bedeutet internationale Wanderung für die Herkunfts-, was für die Aufnahmeländer? Insbesondere die Migration gut ausgebildeter Menschen wurde oft unter dem Schlagwort des "Brain Drain" als schädlich für Wohlfahrt und Entwicklung ihrer Heimatländer betrachtet. Die Forschung zeichnet inzwischen jedoch ein differenzierteres Bild. Dieses Themendossier stellt eine Auswahl der theoretischen und empirischen Literatur vor.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
Labor mobility and the world economy (2006)
Foders, Federico; Wolf, Holger; Kleinert, Jörn; Kapur, Devesh; Willmann, Gerald; Jain, Sanjay; Williamson, Jeffrey G.; Hatton, Thimothy J.; Pasquetti, Stefania; Greenaway, David; Nelson, Douglas R.; Gang, Ira N.; Paldam, Martin; Langhammer, Rolf J.; Mukand, Sharun W.; Lundborg, Per; Bonin, Holger; König, Doris; Gaggermeier, Christian; Wong, Kar-yiu; Foders, Federico; Silva, Jaquim Ramos; Felbermayr, Gabriel ; Langhammer, Rolf J.; Epstein, Gil S.; Barry, Frank; Chand, Sheetal K.; Kohler, Wilhelm ; Brücker, Herbert ; Allmendinger, Jutta; Bröcker, Johannes;Zitatform
Foders, Federico & Rolf J. Langhammer (Hrsg.) (2006): Labor mobility and the world economy. Berlin u.a.: Springer London, 357 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-540-31045-7
Abstract
"The recent landings of illegal immigrants on the Italian and Spanish coasts, the immigrant riots in France, and the migratory pressure faced by many countries are an indication that migration will remain high on the agenda of international public policy for some time. In order to generate insights urgently needed by policy makers, this book takes stock of current migration research and seeks to contribute to the ongoing debate on the implications of labor flows and the scope for designing strategies to improve the management of migration both at the national and international levels. In this book, prominent and innovative scholars focus on such topics as the impact of brain drain on growth, the relationship between labor, trade, and capital flows, outsourcing and social values as determinants of migration, the benefits of immigration for different types of receiving countries, and EU migration policies vis-a-vis third countries" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
"Brain drain competition" policies in Europe: a survey (2006)
Giannoccolo, Pierpaolo;Zitatform
Giannoccolo, Pierpaolo (2006): "Brain drain competition" policies in Europe. A survey. (Universita degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Faculta di Scienze Statistiche. Working papers 2006/201), Milano, 25 S.
Abstract
"In this paper we give a survey of the principal 'Brain Drain Competition' policies implemented in Europe. The key strategies and mechanisms found are: making the academic system more open and flexible; improving the regulatory conditions particularly on immigration; better sign-posting and information at national level; dedicated grants for foreign researchers; adapting income situations to market forces; providing tax reductions specifically for researchers and knowledge workers; more active international marketing and support for international researchers. Finally, we analyse the effects of these policies on the Brain Drain in Europe by giving examples of countries (i.e. UK, France, Germany, Belgium, etc) that that effectively reverse the Brain Drain and attract foreign researchers, and the exemplum of the Italy that it is 'a countries that supplies talent to Europe and the Americas'." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Brain drain from Turkey: an investigation of students' return intentions (2006)
Güngör, Nil Demet; Tansel, Aysit;Zitatform
Güngör, Nil Demet & Aysit Tansel (2006): Brain drain from Turkey. An investigation of students' return intentions. (IZA discussion paper 2287), Bonn, 46 S.
Abstract
"The emigration of skilled individuals from Turkey attracted greater media attention and the interest of policymakers in Turkey, particularly after the experience of recurrent economic crises that have led to an increase in unemployment among the highly educated young. This study estimates a model of return intentions using a dataset compiled from an Internet survey of Turkish students residing abroad. The findings of this study indicate that, as expected, higher salaries offered in the host country and lifestyle preferences, including a more organized environment in the host country, increase the probability of student non-return. However, the analysis also points to the importance of prior return intentions and the role of the family in the decision to return to Turkey or stay overseas. It is also found that the compulsory service requirement attached to government scholarships increases the probability of student return. Turkish Student Association membership also increases return intentions. Longer stay durations, on the other hand, decrease the probability of return. These findings have important policy implications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The international migration of knowledge workers: when is brain drain beneficial? (2006)
Kuhn, Peter; McAusland, Carol;Zitatform
Kuhn, Peter & Carol McAusland (2006): The international migration of knowledge workers. When is brain drain beneficial? (IZA discussion paper 2493), Bonn, 25 S.
Abstract
"We consider the welfare effects of the emigration of workers who produce a public good (knowledge). We distinguish between the knowledge diversion and knowledge creation effects of such emigration, and show that the remaining residents of a country can gain from emigration, even when tastes for knowledge goods exhibit a kind of 'home bias'. In contrast to existing models of beneficial brain drain (BBD), our results do not require agglomeration economies, education-related externalities, remittances, return migration, or an emigration 'lottery'. Instead, they are driven purely by the public nature of knowledge goods, combined with differences in market size that induce greater knowledge creation by emigrants abroad than at home. BBD is even more likely in the presence of weak sending-country intellectual property rights (IPRs), or when source country IPR policy is endogenized." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: NBER working paper series , 12761 -
Literaturhinweis
The international migration of knowledge workers: when is brain drain beneficial? (2006)
Kuhn, Peter; McAusland, Carol;Zitatform
Kuhn, Peter & Carol McAusland (2006): The international migration of knowledge workers. When is brain drain beneficial? (NBER working paper 12761), Cambridge, Mass., 22 S. DOI:10.3386/w12761
Abstract
"We consider the welfare effects of the emigration of workers who produce a public good (knowledge). We distinguish between the knowledge diversion and knowledge creation effects of such emigration, and show that the remaining residents of a country can gain from emigration, even when tastes for knowledge goods exhibit a kind of 'home bias'. In contrast to existing models of beneficial brain drain (BBD), our results do not require agglomeration economies, education-related externalities, remittances, return migration, or an emigration 'lottery'. Instead, they are driven purely by the public nature of knowledge goods, combined with differences in market size that induce greater knowledge creation by emigrants abroad than at home. BBD is even more likely in the presence of weak sending-country intellectual property rights (IPRs), or when source country IPR policy is endogenized." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 2493 -
Literaturhinweis
Competing for global talent (2006)
Kuptsch, Christiane; Fong, Pang Eng;Zitatform
Kuptsch, Christiane & Pang Eng Fong (Hrsg.) (2006): Competing for global talent. Geneva, 286 S.
Abstract
"Global talent has never been more mobile or sought after. A complex phenomenon that takes many forms, the movement of people with skills includes migrants crossing borders for temporary stays abroad as well as settlement, students moving for degrees and temporary and permanent stays, and even tourists and refugees who decide to stay abroad and use their skills. Countries attracting global talent increase their stock of human and technological skills, and in the past decade many have welcomed foreign professionals and students to redress domestic skill shortages and to quicken economic growth. This book includes general and theoretical papers on skilled migration and also papers on the country experiences of Australia, India, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It addresses the socio-economic and cultural challenges created by increased mobility in a world where globalizing and localizing forces are at work simultaneously." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The brain drain of Ph.Ds from Europe to the United States: what we know and what we would like to know (2006)
Moguerou, Philippe;Zitatform
Moguerou, Philippe (2006): The brain drain of Ph.Ds from Europe to the United States. What we know and what we would like to know. (EUI working paper RSCAS 2006,11), Fiesole, 34 S.
Abstract
"In this paper we discuss the widely acknowledged so-called 'European brain drain'. We find that there is an asymmetry in the flows of Ph.D. students and post-doctorate researchers between Europe and the United States, to the advantage of the latter. However, we point out that this conclusion is based on incomplete and imperfect data, particulary at the post-doctoral level. This does not allow us to draw any definitive conclusion on the European brain-drain question. We argue that, in the context of increasingly knowledge-based economies, brain drain is a complex question as the current situation tends to imply many types of return, circulation and recirculation of the highly educated. We identify three main unsolved issues. Firstly, few things are known on the return migration of European Ph.D.s. Secondly, tha net balances in the brain-gain and brain-loss have to be placed in relation to the stock of Ph.D.s. Thirdly, uncertainty remains about the 'quality' of Ph.D.s who 'circulate'. We argue that a correct assessment of the European brain drain would have to seriously consider these issues and would require a European statistical information system on Ph.D. mobility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Costs and benefits of migration for Central European countries (2006)
Okolski, Marek;Zitatform
Okolski, Marek (2006): Costs and benefits of migration for Central European countries. (CMR Working Papers 07/65), Warszawa, 91 S.
Abstract
"The part 1 (Overview of the literature on the Central European experience with migration during the transition period) contains a descriptive review of literature on the costs and benefits of migration in Central European countries. The literature here means the selected and highly representative analytical reports of wide circulation, both published and unpublished, available in languages known to the author (Czech, Slovak, English, French, German, Polish and Russian).
In the following section 2.1. (Remittances) I present the selected research results on the micro and macroeconomic level.
In the following section 2.2. (Labour market allocations) selected aspects of labour market allocations related to international mobility - both in terms of outflow and inflow of labour force - will be presented and discussed. The first part is based on the Polish example due to the fact that currently it is the only country in the region where emigration is of relative importance. Additionally, Polish economy suffered the most painful negative effects of its labour market restructuring, which caused extremely high unemployment rates. Migration was perceived as a possible solution to labour market disequilibrium. The second part is devoted to the effects of migrants' inflow to the most important receiving countries in the region.
The following section 2.3. (Brain exchange) contains a discussion of the scale, mechanisms and consequences of the temporary or permanent migration of highly qualified people from CE. I will discuss mainly the Polish experience (as it seems, quite representative for the rest of the countries in the region), but the analysis will be enriched by the results of the studies in other CE countries, mainly Hungary.
Section 2.4. will discuss micro-regional and micro-socio-economic effects in a home country perspective (the case of Poland).
Section 2.5. will discuss Micro-regional or sector-specific effects in a receiving country perspective.
Section 3. will discuss distinct (country-specific and topic-specific) gaps in the literature (research) concerning the effects of migration.
Section 4. deals with major policy challenges an proposal of specific migration policy solutions and research activities." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Migration: who gains, who loses (2006)
Panagariya, Arvind;Zitatform
Panagariya, Arvind (2006): Migration. Who gains, who loses. In: Brookings Trade Forum.
Abstract
Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über das komplexe Phänomen der internationalen Wanderung zwischen Entwicklungsländern und Industrieländern. Mittels eines Ein Gut-Zwei Faktoren-Modells werden die Grundzüge der Migration erläutert. Die Frage, ob befristete Auswanderung für Entwicklungsländer eine Entwicklungsstrategie sein kann, wird kritisch diskutiert. Anhand eines Zwei Güter-Zwei Faktoren-Modells werden Asymmetrien in der Wohlfahrtsökonomie der Migration diskutiert. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Auswanderer selbst in jedem Fall von der Auswanderung profitierten; auf die Wohlfahrt der zurückbleibenden Bevölkerung in den Entwicklungsländern wirkt sich Auswanderung jedoch negativ aus. Dies gilt vor allem für kleine Entwickungsländer und für die Auswanderung Hochqualifizierter. Für die Einwanderungsländer ist Einwanderung Niedrigqualifizierter mit der Befürchtung verbunden, dass diese die gesellschaftliche Wohlfahrt beeinträchtigt, indem sie für die niedrigqualifizierten Inländer zu Lohnsenkungen führt und die steuerfinanzierten Sozialsysteme belastet. Diese Befürchtungen können empirisch nicht belegt werden. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass Einwanderer nicht nur eine steuerliche Belastung für die inländische Bevölkerung darstellen, sondern für diese auch Werte schaffen. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
The new argonauts: regional advantage in a global economy (2006)
Saxenian, AnnaLee;Zitatform
Saxenian, AnnaLee (2006): The new argonauts. Regional advantage in a global economy. Cambridge u.a.: Harvard University Press, 424 S.
Abstract
"Like the Greeks who sailed with Jason in search of the Golden Fleece, the new Argonauts--foreign-born, technically skilled entrepreneurs who travel back and forth between Silicon Valley and their home countries--seek their fortune in distant lands by launching companies far from established centers of skill and technology. Their story illuminates profound transformations in the global economy. Economic geographer AnnaLee Saxenian has followed this transformation, exploring one of its great paradoxes: how the 'brain drain' has become 'brain circulation', a powerful economic force for development of formerly peripheral regions. The new Argonauts - armed with Silicon Valley experience and relationships and the ability to operate in two countries simultaneously - quickly identify market opportunities, locate foreign partners, and manage cross-border business operations." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A simple model of brain circulation (2006)
Schmitt, Nicolas; Soubeyran, Antoine;Zitatform
Schmitt, Nicolas & Antoine Soubeyran (2006): A simple model of brain circulation. In: Journal of International Economics, Jg. 69, H. 2, S. 296-309. DOI:10.1016/j.jinteco.2005.06.011
Abstract
"This paper analyzes the allocation of two types of individuals differentiated by talent between two countries where they choose to be workers or entrepreneurs. An equilibrium with international migration exists when countries' talent endowments are sufficiently different. It is consistent with one-way or two-way migration whether individuals are entrepreneurs or workers. Although allowing migration increases domestic welfare in one country and decreases it in the other, it is always supported by majority voting in both countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The human face of global mobility: international highly skilled migration in Europe, North America and the Asia-Pacific (2006)
Smith, Michael Peter; Feldblum, Miriam; Freeman, Gary P.; Falsirom, Dana Zartner; Recchi, Ettore; Batalova, Jeanne; Favell, Adrian; Chakravartty, Paula; Hill, David K.; Bozkurt, Odül; Lowell, B. Lindsay; Szelenyi, Katalin; Money, Jeanette;Zitatform
Smith, Michael Peter & Adrian Favell (Hrsg.) (2006): The human face of global mobility. International highly skilled migration in Europe, North America and the Asia-Pacific. (Comparative urban and community research 08), New Brunswick u.a.: Transaction Publ., 314 S.
Abstract
"Alongside flows of trade and capital. the free movement of professionals. technical personnel. and students is seen as a key aspect of globalization. Yet not much detailed empirical research has been completed about the trajectories and experiences of these highly skilled or highly educated international migrants. What little is known about these forms of 'global mobility,' and the politics that surround them, contrasts with the abundant theories and accounts of other topes of international migration - such as low income economic migration from less developed to core countries in the international political economy. Drawing on the work of a long-standing discussion group at the Center for Comparative and Global Research of UCLA's International Institute, this collection bridges conventional methodological divides, bringing together political scientists, sociologists, demographers, and ethnographers. It explores the reality behind assumptions about these new global migration trends. It challenges widely held views about the elite characteristics of these migrants. the costs and consequences of the brain drain said to follow from the migration of skilled workers. the determinants of national policies on high skilled migrants. and the presumed 'effortlessness' of professional mobility in an integrating world. The volume also sheds new light on international student migration, the politics of temporary, non-immigrant workers in the United States, new international forms of regulating movement, and the realities of the everyday lives of multinational employees in the world's transnational cities. Key differences between the regional contexts of this migration in Europe, North America, and the Asia-Pacific are also emphasized." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Brain drain versus brain gain: an exploratory study of ex-host country nationals in Central and East Europe (2006)
Tung, Rosalie L.; Lazarova, Mila;Zitatform
Tung, Rosalie L. & Mila Lazarova (2006): Brain drain versus brain gain. An exploratory study of ex-host country nationals in Central and East Europe. In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 17, H. 11, S. 1853-1872.
Abstract
"To fuel further growth and development, many countries in Central and East Europe that have made the transition from socialist to market economies are anxious to reverse the brain drain by attracting their nationals who have studied and/or worked abroad to return. This study seeks to examine the experiences and challenges encountered by nationals upon their return home, after having lived abroad for an extensive period of time. These people are referred to as 'ex-holt country nationals' (EHCNs). The findings of this exploratory study of 86 EHCNs, all recipients of prestigious scholarships to study abroad, have important implications, both theoretical and practical, for international human resource management, including governmental attempts to curb or reverse brain drain from their respective countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
International migration, remittances, and the brain drain (2006)
Zitatform
Özden, Caglar & Maurice Schiff (Hrsg.) (2006): International migration, remittances, and the brain drain. Houndmills u.a.: Palgrave Macmillan, 274 S. DOI:10.1596/978-0-8213-6372-0
Abstract
"International migration, the movement of people across international boundaries, has enormous economic, social, and cultural implications in both origin and destination countries. It is estimated that some one hundred and eighty million people (three per cent of the world's population) are living in countries in which they were not born. Among these are millions of highly-educated people who moved to developed countries from developing countries that already suffer from low levels of human capital and skilled workers. Moreover, the flow of formal remittances from migrants to their relatives in their countries of birth has exhibited a very rapid and accelerating rate of growth. Estimated to exceed one hundred billion dollars annually, remittances surpass foreign aid and account for the largest source of foreign capital for dozens of countries. This timely volume provides an in-depth examination of the relationship between - and the impacts on - migration, remittances, and development. Using new household surveys and census data, the determinants of migration and the impact of migration and remittances on various measures of welfare are analyzed. Others issues discussed include the migration of skilled workers, the impact of international students and skilled migration in the United States, the determinants of internal and international migration from rural areas whilst providing a critical examination of the new 'brain drain' literature." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Weiterführende Informationen
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Literaturhinweis
International migration outlook: SOPEMI 2006, annual report (2006)
Zitatform
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2006): International migration outlook. SOPEMI 2006, annual report. (International migration outlook 30), Paris, 329 S.
Abstract
"This first edition of the International Migration Outlook, a revised and expanded version of what was previously published under the title Trends in International Migration, brings the reader detailed analysis of recent trends in migration movements and policies in OECD countries. For the first time, it includes harmonised statistics on long-term international migration inflows for most OECD countries. The report highlights the growing importance of immigrants from Russia, Ukraine, China and Latin America, as well as the increasing feminisation of the flows.
This volume covers the increasing interest of member countries in the recruitment of highly skilled immigrants as well as the recourse to temporary, often seasonal, low-skilled immigrants. Special attention is paid to improving the management of migration flows and integration policies focusing on programmes for newcomers, from compulsory language courses to job-oriented initiatives, and to the strengthening of anti-discrimination and diversity measures. Developments in international co-operation for labour migration as well as for better border control in the fight against irregular migration are also described, with a special focus on the impact of the European Union enlargement on inflows of immigrant workers to OECD countries.
This publication also includes special chapters dealing with the management of migration inflows through quotas and numerical limits and a new look at the links between migration, remittances and the economic development of sending countries. Country notes, under a new format for this edition, describe recent trends in migration movements and policies, including re-designed standardised tables. The statistical annex contains the latest data on foreign and foreign-born populations, migration flows and naturalisations." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))Weiterführende Informationen
Hier finden Sie die deutsche Ausgabe -
Literaturhinweis
Moving people and knowledge: scientific mobility in the European Union (2005)
Ackers, Louise;Zitatform
Ackers, Louise (2005): Moving people and knowledge. Scientific mobility in the European Union. In: International migration, Jg. 43, H. 5, S. 99-129.
Abstract
"This paper considers the relationship between highly skilled scientific migration (HSM) and the transfer of knowledge within the European Union (EU). To understand these processes we need to conceptualize the phenomenon and then develop appropriate operational tools. HSM engages two key concepts: (1) the concept of skill or knowledge; and (2) the concept of migration. Analysing the impact of HSM requires an understanding of who is moving (and the quality of their skills) and the nature of their migration. This might include consideration of the direction of flows; their frequency, duration, and permanency; and the propensity to return. In order to evaluate the impact of these processes on the regions concerned and develop appropriate policy responses, we need to examine the relationship between scientific mobility and the transfer of knowledge. Much existing literature focuses on the size and direction of migratory flows assuming a clear correlation between human mobility and the transfer of knowledge to identify the 'winning' and 'losing' regions. More recent work emphasizing 'circulation'. questions these assumptions and suggests that flows may not be unidirectional, homogenous, or permanent and may be mitigated by certain 'compensatory' mechanisms This article considers some of the issues raised in the literature and the ways in which the variables identified may interact to shape these relationships with important implications for sending and receiving countries and individual scientists. This article does not endeavour to present new conclusions. Drawing on a pilot project concerned with the mobility of Italian scientists, it begins to map out a research agenda capable of informing a new study of scientific migration in the context of EU enlargement that may potentially inform other research in this field." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
High skilled immigration in the international arena (2005)
Chiswick, Barry R.;Zitatform
Chiswick, Barry R. (2005): High skilled immigration in the international arena. (IZA discussion paper 1782), Bonn, 11 S.
Abstract
"This conceptual paper, prepared for a United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Migration and Development, is concerned with the international mobility of high-skilled workers, previously referred to as the 'brain drain'. After discussing the historical background of high-skilled international migration, the paper examines the reasons for the recent growth in demand for high-skilled workers in the technologically advanced nations. If then examines the impact of high-skilled migration on the level and distribution of income in the destinations. The causes and consequences of high-skilled emigration from the perspective of the origins or sending countries are examined. Educational finance and taxing policies that encourage emigration, emigrant remittances, and the 'brain gain' from returning emigrants are discussed. Alternative public policies are considered." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Zieht es die Besten fort?: Ausmaß und Formen der Abwanderung deutscher Hochqualifizierter in die USA (2005)
Zitatform
Diehl, Claudia & David Dixon (2005): Zieht es die Besten fort? Ausmaß und Formen der Abwanderung deutscher Hochqualifizierter in die USA. In: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, Jg. 57, H. 4, S. 714-734.
Abstract
"Gegenstand des Beitrags sind die Wanderungsbewegungen deutscher Hochqualifizierter in die USA seit Beginn der 1990er Jahre. Um Ausmaß und Entwicklung dieses Phänomens zu analysieren, werden deutsche Auswanderungsdaten, amerikanische und deutsche (Mikro-) Zensusdaten sowie Daten der amerikanischen Einwanderungsbehörden herangezogen. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Auswanderung deutscher Hochqualifizierter in die USA vor allem seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre an Bedeutung gewonnen hat. Dieser Befund muss aber in zweierlei Hinsicht relativiert werden. Zum einen lassen sich absolut betrachtet nur wenige Deutsche dauerhaft zu Erwerbszwecken in den USA nieder. Zum anderen ist der Anstieg in der Zahl der hochqualifizierten Auswanderer in erster Linie eine Folge des Anstiegs der zeitlich befristeten US-Aufenthalte. Darüber hinaus gibt es keine Hinweise darauf, dass das Risiko der Verstetigung dieser temporären Aufenthalte im Untersuchungszeitraum substanziell zugenommen hat." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Student flows and migration: an empirical analysis (2005)
Dreher, Axel; Poutvaara, Panu;Zitatform
Dreher, Axel & Panu Poutvaara (2005): Student flows and migration. An empirical analysis. (CESifo working paper 1490), Berlin, 29 S.
Abstract
"Using panel data for 78 countries of origin we examine the impact of student flows to the United States on subsequent migration there over the period 1971-2001. What we find is that the stock of foreign students is an important predictor of subsequent migration. This holds true whether or not the lagged endogenous variable is included. The relationship is robust to the inclusion of time and country dummies, and remains when we account for outliers. The basic results also hold for a cross section of 36 countries of origin and 9 host countries. Our results have important policy implications which we discuss in the last section." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Beyond the headlines: new evidence on the brain drain (2005)
Dumont, Jean-Christophe; Lemaitre, Georges;Zitatform
Dumont, Jean-Christophe & Georges Lemaitre (2005): Beyond the headlines. New evidence on the brain drain. In: Revue economique, Jg. 56, H. 6, S. 1275-1300.
Abstract
"Since the end of the 1990s, issues related to international migration, and more particularly to the international mobility of highly-qualified workers, are receiving once again increasing attention from policy makers. Despite the fact that the brain drain debate is an old one, however, little in the way of solid data was available until recently to inform the discussions in this area. This paper describes a new data source on the foreign-born population in oecd countries, by country of birth and educational attainment, and provides a number of preliminary results from this database. Expatriation of the highly qualified is seen to be associated with small country size, insularity and a low incidence of persons with high attainment, suggesting that limited opportunities with respect to education and labour markets would appear to be important factors affecting the expatriation decision." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))