Soziale Netzwerke und Arbeitsmarkt
Bei der Personalsuche und der Suche nach freien Arbeitsplätzen werden von Betrieben und Arbeitsuchenden auch soziale Netzwerke genutzt. Darunter sind nicht nur die persönlichen Beziehungen über Verwandte und den Freundeskreis etc. zu verstehen, sondern auch "technisch vermittelte" Kontakte über Facebook, Xing etc. Soziale Netzwerke liefern oftmals Informationen über den Betrieb bzw. die Person, die über herkömmliche Rekrutierungs- und Suchkanäle (z.B. Stellenanzeige, Bewerbungsunterlagen) nicht oder nur schwer zugänglich sind.
In der Infoplattform ist die aktuelle wissenschaftliche Literatur zur Bedeutung und zum Nutzen sozialer Netzwerke bei der Personal- und Arbeitsplatzsuche zusammengestellt.
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Literaturhinweis
The recruitment paradox: network recruitment, structural position, and East German market transition (2015)
Zitatform
Benton, Richard A., Steve McDonald, Anna Manzoni & David F. Warner (2015): The recruitment paradox. Network recruitment, structural position, and East German market transition. In: Social forces, Jg. 93, H. 3, S. 905-932. DOI:10.1093/sf/sou100
Abstract
"Economic institutions structure links between labor-market informality and social stratification. The present study explores how periods of institutional change and post-socialist market transition alter network-based job finding, in particular informal recruitment. We highlight how market transitions affect both the prevalence and distribution of network-based recruitment channels: open-market environments reduce informal recruitment's prevalence but increase its association with high wages. We test these propositions using the case of the former East Germany's market transition and a comparison with West Germany's more stable institutional environment. Following transition, workers in lower tiers increasingly turned toward formal intermediaries, active employee search, and socially 'disembedded' matches. Meanwhile, employers actively recruited workers into higher-wage positions. Implications for market transition theory and post-socialist stratification are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The value of hiring through employee referrals (2015)
Burks, Stephen V.; Cowgill, Bo; Housman, Michael; Hoffman, Mitchell;Zitatform
Burks, Stephen V., Bo Cowgill, Mitchell Hoffman & Michael Housman (2015): The value of hiring through employee referrals. In: The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Jg. 130, H. 2, S. 805-839. DOI:10.1093/qje/qjv010
Abstract
"Using personnel data from nine large firms in three industries (call centers, trucking, and high-tech), we empirically assess the benefit to firms of hiring through employee referrals. Compared to nonreferred applicants, referred applicants are more likely to be hired and more likely to accept offers, even though referrals and nonreferrals have similar skill characteristics. Referred workers tend to have similar productivity compared to nonreferred workers on most measures, but referred workers have lower accident rates in trucking and produce more patents in high-tech. Referred workers are substantially less likely to quit and earn slightly higher wages than nonreferred workers. In call centers and trucking, the two industries for which we can calculate worker-level profits, referred workers yield substantially higher profits per worker than nonreferred workers. These profit differences are driven by lower turnover and lower recruiting costs for referrals." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Dynamiken und Belastbarkeit sozialen Kapitals: Plädoyer für eine lebensverlaufssoziologische Perspektive (2015)
Böhnke, Petra; Gefken, Andreas;Zitatform
Böhnke, Petra & Andreas Gefken (2015): Dynamiken und Belastbarkeit sozialen Kapitals. Plädoyer für eine lebensverlaufssoziologische Perspektive. In: Leviathan, Jg. 43, H. 3, S. 388-409. DOI:10.5771/0340-0425-2015-3-388
Abstract
"Der sozialstaatliche Wandel der letzten Jahre macht Sozialkapital verstärkt zu einer Ressource, die maßgeblich über Lebenschancen entscheidet. Wer über Sozialkapital verfügt oder nicht und welchen Veränderungen es unterliegt, sind immer wichtiger werdende Fragen. Über Sozialkapital als abhängige und veränderliche Größe ist aber bislang wenig bekannt. Wir plädieren deshalb für eine lebensverlaufstheoretische Erweiterung der Sozialkapitalforschung, um Einsichten zur Verfügbarkeit von Unterstützungsressourcen und zur Belastbarkeit sozialer Beziehungen in kritischen Lebensphasen zu gewinnen. Damit rücken altersspezifische Normen und Normalitätserwartungen an Hilfeleistungen sowie institutionelle und sozialstrukturelle Kontexte in den Blick, die den Möglichkeitsraum für die Generierbarkeit von Sozialkapital abstecken. Diese Perspektive ist derzeit besonders vielversprechend, weil sie in der Lage ist, neue Bedarfe und Gefährdungen der Ressource Sozialkapital aufzuzeigen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
With a little help from my friends? Quality of social networks, job finding and job match quality (2015)
Cappellari, Lorenzo; Tatsiramos, Konstantinos;Zitatform
Cappellari, Lorenzo & Konstantinos Tatsiramos (2015): With a little help from my friends? Quality of social networks, job finding and job match quality. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 78, H. August, S. 55-75. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2015.04.002
Abstract
"This paper studies the effect of network quality on job finding and job match quality using longitudinal data and a direct measure of network quality, which is based on the employment of friendship ties. Various identification strategies provide robust evidence that a higher number of employed contacts increases the job finding rate. Network quality also increases wages for high-skilled workers forming networks with non-familial contacts. Instead, for low-skilled workers, more employed familial contacts lead to a negative but not significant effect on wages. These findings reconcile previous mixed evidence of network effects on wages, indicating heterogeneity by skill level and relationship type." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Competition in the Sharing Economy (2015)
Demary, Vera;Zitatform
Demary, Vera (2015): Competition in the Sharing Economy. (IW policy paper 2015,19), Köln, 27 S.
Abstract
"Sharing goods, services or knowledge is at the center of the so-called Sharing Economy. Businesses are usually based on online platforms that match demand and supply which is in many cases, but not always provided by individuals. Sharing Economy companies typically compete with traditional companies in many different markets. The main challenge of this type of competition currently is the application of the existing regulation. While incumbent firms adhere to this, Sharing Economy companies often feel it does not apply to their business model. This paper examines the organization of the Sharing Economy and the functioning of markets and competition in it. Europe is lagging behind the United States with respect to the diffusion of Sharing Economy businesses and the number of successful companies. Therefore this paper also offers policy advice from a European perspective to level the playing field between traditional and Sharing Economy companies and to promote the formation of the latter in Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Career optimism: The roles of contextual support and career decision-making self-efficacy (2015)
Garcia, Patrick Raymund James M.; Restubog, Simon Lloyd D.; Bordia, Sarbari; Bordia, Prashant; Roxas, Rachel Edita O.;Zitatform
Garcia, Patrick Raymund James M., Simon Lloyd D. Restubog, Prashant Bordia, Sarbari Bordia & Rachel Edita O. Roxas (2015): Career optimism: The roles of contextual support and career decision-making self-efficacy. In: Journal of vocational behavior, Jg. 88, H. June, S. 10-18. DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2015.02.004
Abstract
"Drawing from the social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986), we examined the role of parental support, teacher support, and career decision-making self-efficacy as sources of career optimism. We tested our proposed model using 235 computer science majors from a large university in the Philippines. Surveys were conducted over two measurement periods (1 year apart). Results revealed that Time 1 parental and teacher support were positively associated with Time 2 career optimism. Furthermore, we found that these direct relationships were fully mediated by Time 1 career decision-making self-efficacy. These results remained significant even after controlling for neuroticism and past performance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How individual characteristics shape the structure of social networks (2015)
Girard, Yann; Hett, Florian; Schunk, Daniel;Zitatform
Girard, Yann, Florian Hett & Daniel Schunk (2015): How individual characteristics shape the structure of social networks. In: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Jg. 115, H. July, S. 197-216. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2014.12.005
Abstract
"We study how students' social networks emerge by documenting systematic patterns in the process of friendship formation of incoming students; these students all start out in a new environment and thus jointly create a new social network. As a specific novelty, we consider cooperativeness, time and risk preferences - elicited experimentally - together with factors like socioeconomic and personality characteristics. We find a number of robust predictors of link formation and of the position within the social network (local and global network centrality). In particular, cooperativeness has a complex association with link formation. We also find evidence for homophily along several dimensions. Finally, our results show that despite these systematic patterns, social network structures can be exogenously manipulated, as we find that random assignments of students to groups on the first two days of university impacts the students' friendship formation process." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The role of coworker-based networks in the labour market (2015)
Glitz, Albrecht;Zitatform
Glitz, Albrecht (2015): The role of coworker-based networks in the labour market. In: CESifo DICE report, Jg. 13, H. 1, S. 25-32.
Abstract
"With the arrival of administrative data that provide comprehensive longitudinal information on individual work relationships, the systematic analysis of coworker-based networks and their role in the labour market has experienced an enormous boost in recent years. Moving ever closer to capturing actual personal interaction, several researchers have studied this important dimension of social networks within the context of established theoretical models, providing strong overall evidence that coworker-based networks play a positive role in labour market outcomes. My own findings show that this happens both through these networks' positive effect on the flow of information about job opportunities (Glitz 2013), and through their ability to reduce uncertainty about match-specific productivity (Glitz and Vejlin 2015)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Young adult social networks and labour market attachment: interpersonal dynamics that shape perspectives on job attainment (2015)
Graham, John R.; Eisenstat, Marilyn; Shier, Micheal L.;Zitatform
Graham, John R., Micheal L. Shier & Marilyn Eisenstat (2015): Young adult social networks and labour market attachment. Interpersonal dynamics that shape perspectives on job attainment. In: Journal of social policy, Jg. 44, H. 4, S. 769-786. DOI:10.1017/S0047279415000276
Abstract
"Following a qualitative study design with young adults (aged seventeen to twenty-nine) of a racialised minority status (n = 36) in a low-income community in Toronto, Canada, we found that social relationships and dynamics greatly influenced perspectives towards labour market success. Respondents identified that interpersonal relationships with employers, family members and neighbourhood/community members influenced their perseverance and motivation for upward social mobility through securing and maintaining employment. The findings highlight the fundamental relationship between perceptions of upward social mobility and individual social capital. In particular, the wide array of social networks that can influence the perspectives of racial minority young adults - both positively and negatively. The findings extend contemporary discussions about the relationship between social capital and career aspirations among racial minority young adults, to include a spectrum of interrelated social networks that collectively aid in improving personal development. While contemporary discussions focus on the utility of informal knowledge sharing about career development and post-secondary attainment, the findings here demonstrate the importance of policy and programme solutions that support the mobilisation of a wider array of embedded social resources, within the social networks of racial minority young adults, that help support positive perceptions towards upward social mobility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social networks and the success of university spin-offs: toward an agenda for regional growth (2015)
Hayter, Christopher S.;Zitatform
Hayter, Christopher S. (2015): Social networks and the success of university spin-offs. Toward an agenda for regional growth. In: Economic Development Quarterly, Jg. 29, H. 1, S. 3-13. DOI:10.1177/0891242414566451
Abstract
"This study explores the economic factors that are associated with the success of university spin-offs. Drawing on a unique sample of academic entrepreneurs from research institutions in New York State, the article finds that spin-off success is dependent on both the type and size of the academic entrepreneur's social network. Specifically, extraregional networks of nonacademic contacts -- including investors, researchers from other companies, and advisors -- allow academic entrepreneurs access to a broader base of knowledge and other resources important to spin-off success, which leads to regional economic development." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Neueinstellungen im Jahr 2014: Mindestlohn spielt schon im Vorfeld eine Rolle (2015)
Zitatform
Kubis, Alexander, Martina Rebien & Enzo Weber (2015): Neueinstellungen im Jahr 2014: Mindestlohn spielt schon im Vorfeld eine Rolle. (IAB-Kurzbericht 12/2015), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Von dem flächendeckenden gesetzlichen Mindestlohn, der seit Januar 2015 gilt, werden unterschiedliche Effekte erwartet, die sich aber erst nach einiger Zeit bewerten lassen. Die IAB-Stellenerhebung im vierten Quartal 2014 liefert Indizien dafür, dass Betriebe ihr Verhalten bereits vor der Einführung des Mindestlohns angepasst haben und er somit bereits vor seinem Inkrafttreten Wirkung zeigte. Das lässt sich gerade bei Neueinstellungen im Mindestlohn- und Niedriglohnbereich im Jahr 2014 beobachten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Who gets the top jobs? The role of family background and networks in recent graduates' access to high-status professions (2015)
Macmillan, Lindsey; Vignoles, Anna; Tyler, Claire;Zitatform
Macmillan, Lindsey, Claire Tyler & Anna Vignoles (2015): Who gets the top jobs? The role of family background and networks in recent graduates' access to high-status professions. In: Journal of social policy, Jg. 44, H. 3, S. 487-515. DOI:10.1017/S0047279414000634
Abstract
"There is currently debate inpolicy circles about access to 'the upper echelons of power' (Sir John Major, ex Prime Minister, 2013). This research explores the relationship between family background and early access to top occupations. We find that privately educated graduates are a third more likely to enter into high-status occupations than state educated graduates from similarly affluent families and neighbourhoods, largely due to differences in educational attainment and university selection. We find that although the use of networks cannot account for the private school advantage, they provide an additional advantage and this varies by the type of top occupation that the graduate enters." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social networks and labour market access among Brazilian migrants in Ireland (2015)
Maher, Garret; Cawley, Mary;Zitatform
Maher, Garret & Mary Cawley (2015): Social networks and labour market access among Brazilian migrants in Ireland. In: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Jg. 41, H. 14, S. 2336-2356. DOI:10.1080/1369183X.2015.1061424
Abstract
"This paper investigates migrant access to employment using concepts from Granovetter [1973. 'The Strength of Weak Ties.' American Journal of Sociology 78 (6): 1360 - 1380; Granovetter, M. 1983. 'The Strength of Weak Ties: A Network Theory Revisited.' Sociological Theory 1: 201 - 233] relating to 'strong' and 'weak' ties in networks and from Coleman [1988. 'Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital.' American Journal of Sociology 94: 95 - 121] and Putnam [2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster] relating to the role of social capital in creating bonding and bridging relationships. Ethnographic research was conducted among Brazilian labour migrants in small towns in Ireland and returnees in Brazil who were recruited initially through an agent in the late 1990s to work in meat processing. Within a short time social networks began to assume importance in accessing employment, including family and friends, Brazilian 'brokers' and 'non-pay Irish intermediaries'. Strong ties and bonding social capital were present within the migrant group, but weak ties and bridging social capital were also established which provided access to employment locally. These results provide further support for recent advice by Patulny and Svendsen [2007. 'Exploring the Social Capital Grid: Bonding, Bridging, Qualitative, Quantitative.' International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 27 (1/2): 32 - 51] and Ryan[2011. 'Migrants' Social Networks and Weak Ties: Accessing Resources and Constructing Relationships Post-Migration.' The Sociological Review 59 (4): 707 - 724] that researchers should examine the ways in which social capital and resources are used in networks instead of assuming a simple dichotomy between the roles of different types of ties." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A labour market that works: connecting talent with opportunity in the digital age (2015)
Manyika, James; Lund, Susan; Dobbs, Richard; Robinson, Kelsey; Valentino, John;Zitatform
Manyika, James, Susan Lund, Kelsey Robinson, John Valentino & Richard Dobbs (2015): A labour market that works. Connecting talent with opportunity in the digital age. Washington, DC, 88 S.
Abstract
"Labor markets around the world haven't kept pace with rapid shifts in the global economy, and their inefficiencies have taken a heavy toll. Millions of people cannot find work, even as sectors from technology to healthcare struggle to fill open positions. Many who do work feel overqualified or underutilized. These issues translate into costly wasted potential for the global economy. More important, they represent hundreds of millions of people coping with unemployment, underemployment, stagnant wages, and discouragement.
Online talent platforms can ease a number of labor-market dysfunctions by more effectively connecting individuals with work opportunities. Such platforms include websites, like Monster.com and LinkedIn, that aggregate individual résumés with job postings from traditional employers, as well as the rapidly growing digital marketplaces of the new 'gig economy,' such as Uber and Upwork. While hundreds of millions of people around the world already use these services, their capabilities and potential are still evolving. Yet even if they touch only a fraction of the global workforce, we believe they can generate significant benefits for economies and for individuals (exhibit)." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Childcare and geographical mobility in southern Europe (2015)
Mendez, Ildefonso;Zitatform
Mendez, Ildefonso (2015): Childcare and geographical mobility in southern Europe. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 154, H. 4, S. 581-603. DOI:10.1111/j.1564-913X.2015.00032.x
Abstract
"This article investigates the association between the availability of childcare and low geographical mobility in southern Europe where, the author argues, couples that have or plan to have children live close to their parents in order to reconcile work and family life by taking advantage of their mothers' low labour force participation rate. He presents a behavioural model showing couples' fertility, female employment and mobility decisions, and tests the model's predictions using ECHP data. The deterrent effect of a woman working on the couple's mobility is found to be significant only for couples who have children and live in southern Europe." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Race, self-selection, and the job search process (2015)
Zitatform
Pager, Devah & David S. Pedulla (2015): Race, self-selection, and the job search process. In: American Journal of Sociology, Jg. 120, H. 4, S. 1005-1054. DOI:10.1086/681072
Abstract
"While existing research has documented persistent barriers facing African-American job seekers, far less research has questioned how job seekers respond to this reality. Do minorities self-select into particular segments of the labor market to avoid discrimination? Such questions have remained unanswered due to the lack of data available on the positions to which job seekers apply. Drawing on two original data sets with application-specific information, we find little evidence that blacks target or avoid particular job types. Rather, blacks cast a wider net in their search than similarly situated whites, including a greater range of occupational categories and characteristics in their pool of job applications. Additionally, we show that perceptions of discrimination are associated with increased search breadth, suggesting that broad search among African-Americans represents an adaptation to labor market discrimination. Together these findings provide novel evidence on the role of race and self-selection in the job search process." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do parental networks pay off? Linking children's labor-market outcomes to their parents' friends (2015)
Zitatform
Plug, Erik, Bas van der Klaauw & Lennart Ziegler (2015): Do parental networks pay off? Linking children's labor-market outcomes to their parents' friends. (IZA discussion paper 9074), Bonn, 45 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines whether children are better off if their parents have stronger social networks. Using data on high-school friendships of parents, we analyze whether the number and characteristics of friends affect the labor-market outcomes of children. While parental friendships formed in high school appear long lasting, we find no significant impact on their children's occupational choices and earnings prospects. These results do not change when we account for network endogeneity, network persistency and network measurement error. Only when children enter the labor market, we find that friends of parents have a marginally significant but small influence on the occupational choice of children." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Studying user income through language, behaviour and affect in social media (2015)
Preotiuc-Pietro, Daniel; Volkova, Svitlana; Lampos, Vasileios; Aletras, Nikolaos; Bachrach, Yoram;Zitatform
Preotiuc-Pietro, Daniel, Svitlana Volkova, Vasileios Lampos, Yoram Bachrach & Nikolaos Aletras (2015): Studying user income through language, behaviour and affect in social media. In: PLoS one, Jg. 10, H. 9, S. 1-17. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0138717
Abstract
"Automatically inferring user demographics from social media posts is useful for both social science research and a range of downstream applications in marketing and politics. We present the first extensive study where user behaviour on Twitter is used to build a predictive model of income. We apply non-linear methods for regression, i.e. Gaussian Processes, achieving strong correlation between predicted and actual user income. This allows us to shed light on the factors that characterise income on Twitter and analyse their interplay with user emotions and sentiment, perceived psycho-demographics and language use expressed through the topics of their posts. Our analysis uncovers correlations between different feature categories and income, some of which reflect common belief e.g. higher perceived education and intelligence indicates higher earnings, known differences e.g. gender and age differences, however, others show novel findings e.g. higher income users express more fear and anger, whereas lower income users express more of the time emotion and opinions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How urbanization affect employment and social interactions (2015)
Zitatform
Sato, Yasuhiro & Yves Zenou (2015): How urbanization affect employment and social interactions. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 75, H. April, S. 131-155. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2015.01.011
Abstract
"We develop a model where the unemployed workers in the city can find a job either directly or through weak or strong ties. We show that, in denser areas, individuals choose to interact with more people and meet more random encounters (weak ties) than in sparsely populated areas. We also demonstrate that, for a low urbanization level, there is a unique steady-state equilibrium where workers do not interact with weak ties, while, for a high level of urbanization, there is a unique steady-state equilibrium with full social interactions. We show that these equilibria are usually not socially efficient when the urban population has an intermediate size because there are too few social interactions compared to the social optimum. Finally, even when social interactions are optimal, we show that there is over-urbanization in equilibrium." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gelegenheitsstrukturen, Kontakte, Arbeitsmarktintegration: ethnospezifische Netzwerke und der Erfolg von Migranten am Arbeitsmarkt (2015)
Scheller, Friedrich;Zitatform
Scheller, Friedrich (2015): Gelegenheitsstrukturen, Kontakte, Arbeitsmarktintegration. Ethnospezifische Netzwerke und der Erfolg von Migranten am Arbeitsmarkt. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 292 S.
Abstract
"Inwiefern können ethnospezifische Netzwerkstrukturen einen Beitrag zur Erklärung herkunftsspezifischer Differenzen bei der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Migranten leisten? Mit Hilfe der Daten des Sozio-ökonomischen Panels untersucht Friedrich Scheller, welche Rolle die ethnische Zusammensetzung individueller Kontaktnetzwerke sowie die regionale (Herkunfts-)Gruppengröße für Unterschiede im Arbeitsmarkterfolg zwischen Migranten unterschiedlicher Herkunft in Deutschland spielen. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf einen positiven Effekt interethnischer Kontakte auf die Arbeitsmarktintegration hin. Der beobachtete Zusammenhang der regionalen Gruppengröße mit dem Arbeitsmarkterfolg hingegen ist weniger deutlich. Dennoch ist dieser möglicherweise eher in der Lage, herkunftsgruppenspezifische Unterschiede zu erklären." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Inhaltsverzeichnis bei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek -
Literaturhinweis
Job referral networks and the determination of earnings in local labor markets (2015)
Schmutte, Ian M.;Zitatform
Schmutte, Ian M. (2015): Job referral networks and the determination of earnings in local labor markets. In: Journal of Labor Economics, Jg. 33, H. 1, S. 1-32. DOI:10.1086/677389
Abstract
"Despite their documented importance in the labor market, little is known about how workers use social networks to find jobs and their resulting effect on earnings. I use geographically detailed US employer-employee data to infer the role of social networks in connecting workers to jobs in high-paying firms. To identify social interactions in job search, I exploit variation in social network quality within small neighborhoods. Workers are more likely to change jobs, and more likely to move to a higher-paying firm, when their neighbors are employed in high-paying firms. Furthermore, local referral networks help match high-ability workers to high-paying firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Ein Tor zur Inklusion: Potenziale Sozialer Medien in Situationen der Arbeitslosigkeit (2015)
Suphan, Anne;Zitatform
Suphan, Anne (2015): Ein Tor zur Inklusion. Potenziale Sozialer Medien in Situationen der Arbeitslosigkeit. St. Gallen, 463 S.
Abstract
"Der Verlust des Arbeitsplatzes bedeutet weit mehr als der Wegfall des geregelten Einkommens. Zwei darüber hinausgehende negative Folgen stellen das erhöhte subjektive Exklusionsempfinden sowie die Verschlechterung der mentalen Gesundheit dar. Um diese beiden Konsequenzen abfedern zu können, sind insbesondere soziale Ressourcen relevant, die als Stress-Puffer fungieren können. Im Zuge des Arbeitsplatzverlustes reduziert sich jedoch der Umfang dieser sozialer Ressourcen, da Betroffene nicht mehr direkt zum Kollegen- und Arbeitsumfeld gehören. Die Nutzung von Web 2.0-Anwendungen, insbesondere Soziale Netzwerkseiten, Foren oder Communities, ermöglichen das Knüpfen und Aufrechterhalten von Kontakten. Sozialen Medien bieten daher zumindest theoretisch ein Potential zur Aktivierung sozialer Ressourcen. Diese können wiederum zur Reduktion der negativen Konsequenzen von Erwerbslosigkeit führen. Das Internetnutzungsverhalten und das beschriebene Potential waren bisher kaum Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher Studien. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, diese Lücke mit zu schließen und die Potentiale der Internetnutzung sowie das Nutzungsverhalten zu analysieren. Im Rahmen eines triangulären Forschungsansatzes werden 2414 standardisierte Telefoninterviews, 28 qualitative Interviews und ergänzende Tagebuchaufzeichnungen zur Analyse des Nutzungsverhaltens, der Determinanten und der Auswirkungen der Internetnutzung herangezogen. Auf Basis dieser Daten lassen sich vier verschiedene Typen des Internetnutzungsverhaltens identifizieren: Nichtnutzer, sporadische, konsumierende sowie vielseitige Nutzer. Diese Nutzungstypen variieren hinsichtlich der Fähigkeiten, materiellen Ausstattung, der Nutzungsmotive sowie der Erfahrungen im Umgang mit dem Internet. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit zeigen, dass die aktive Internetnutzung, d.h. die Bereitstellung eigener Inhalte im Internet, sowohl emotionale als auch informationelle Unterstützung positiv beeinflusst. Diese beiden Ausprägungen sozialer Unterstützung im Internet haben jedoch keinen Einfluss auf das subjektive Exklusionsempfinden der Betroffenen. Allerdings wird die Verschlechterung der mentalen Gesundheit in Folge der Erwerbslosigkeit von informationeller Hilfestellung im Internet abgefedert. Zusammenfassend verweisen die Ergebnisse darauf, dass das Potential Sozialer Medien im Kontext von Arbeitslosigkeit ausschließlich in der Versorgung mit Informationen besteht." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Social capital and job search behaviour of long-term welfare recipients (2015)
Varekamp, Inge; Knijn, Trudie; Gaag, Martin van der; Bos, Peter;Zitatform
Varekamp, Inge, Trudie Knijn, Martin van der Gaag & Peter Bos (2015): Social capital and job search behaviour of long-term welfare recipients. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 35, H. 11/12, S. 738-755. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-10-2014-0092
Abstract
"Purpose: Long-term welfare recipients in the Netherlands are either long-term unemployed or part-time employed in jobs that generate incomes below the subsistence level. The question is whether reintegration policies aiming at their return to - a fulltime - job should consider individual social network factors besides psychological and human capital factors. The purpose of this paper is to investigate welfare recipients' job search behaviour, in particular how individual social capital is distributed, and whether it is related to job search activities.
Design/methodology/approach: Standardised and structured interviews were conducted with 189 long-term unemployed welfare recipients. An adapted version of the Resource Generator instrument was used to measure individual access to social capital.
Findings: Social capital scales measuring domestic social resources, status-related social resources, expert advice on regulations and financial matters, and advice on finding a job were developed and psychometrically tested. Status-related social resources were more easily accessible to men and higher educated persons. Advice on finding a job was more easily accessible to recently unemployed individuals. Domestic social resources were less accessible to ethnic minorities. Persons with more social capital, specifically status-related social resources and advice in finding a job, showed more active job search behaviour.
Social implications: The differences in job search activities between respondents with more social capital and those with less social capital were present but to a small degree, and therefore there is no argument for reintegration activities to focus on enlarging social capital.
Originality/value: This study addresses the instrumental functions of the social network by multidimensionally scrutinising the resources that social relationships provide access to." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Social contacts and referrals in a labor market with on-the-job search (2015)
Zitatform
Zaharieva, Anna (2015): Social contacts and referrals in a labor market with on-the-job search. In: Labour economics, Jg. 32, H. January, S. 27-43. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2014.12.001
Abstract
"This paper develops a matching model of the labor market with heterogeneous firms, on-the-job search and family referrals. The overall effect of referrals on wages can be decomposed into three distinct components. First, if referrals are used to help unemployed partners find jobs, then recommended workers are disproportionately concentrated in the left tail of the earnings distribution. This is a negative concentration effect of referrals, which emerges because workers accept (forward to the partner) job offers from more (less) productive employers. Second, if referrals are also used by workers to pool their less successful employed partners to more productive jobs, then the process of on-the-job search is intensified. This is a positive pooling effect of referrals. Third, better connected workers bargain higher wages for a given level of productivity. This is a positive effect of referrals on reservation wages and earnings. In the equilibrium, the overall effect of referrals can be positive (wage premiums) or negative (wage penalties). The negative effect is dominating in labor markets with strong productivity heterogeneity of firms and large bargaining power of workers. Otherwise, the positive effect is dominating. Referrals can have a negative effect on social welfare if there is a sharp drop in the search intensity after workers accept low productivity jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Getting a job: the effect of employment sectors and men's and women's networks (2015)
Zochert, Andrea;Zitatform
Zochert, Andrea (2015): Getting a job: the effect of employment sectors and men's and women's networks. In: Schmollers Jahrbuch, Jg. 135, H. 1, S. 47-53. DOI:10.3790/schm.135.1.47
Abstract
"Most jobs these days are never advertised. People find them through social networks. However, access to social networks is unequal by gender. This paper concentrates on how employment sectors that are segregated by gender affect the probability of men and women getting jobs through social networks. Furthermore, the paper reveals how men's and women's same-sex contacts are correlated with getting jobs. Based on data from the SOEP 2011 and 2012 logistic regressions, with average marginal effects, are estimated to compare the probability of getting a job through social networks for men and women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Using social media to measure labor market flows (2014)
Antenucci, Dolan; Cafarella, Michael; Levenstein, Margaret C.; Shapiro, Matthew D.; Ré, Christopher;Zitatform
Antenucci, Dolan, Michael Cafarella, Margaret C. Levenstein, Christopher Ré & Matthew D. Shapiro (2014): Using social media to measure labor market flows. (NBER working paper 20010), Cambridge, Mass., 50 S. DOI:10.3386/w20010
Abstract
"Social media enable promising new approaches to measuring economic activity and analyzing economic behavior at high frequency and in real time using information independent from standard survey and administrative sources. This paper uses data from Twitter to create indexes of job loss, job search, and job posting. Signals are derived by counting job-related phrases in Tweets such as 'lost my job.' The social media indexes are constructed from the principal components of these signals. The University of Michigan Social Media Job Loss Index tracks initial claims for unemployment insurance at medium and high frequencies and predicts 15 to 20 percent of the variance of the prediction error of the consensus forecast for initial claims. The social media indexes provide real-time indicators of events such as Hurricane Sandy and the 2013 government shutdown. Comparing the job loss index with the search and posting indexes indicates that the Beveridge Curve has been shifting inward since 2011." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Networking the unemployed: can policy interventions facilitate access to employment through informal channels? (2014)
Zitatform
Bonoli, Giuliano (2014): Networking the unemployed. Can policy interventions facilitate access to employment through informal channels? In: International social security review, Jg. 67, H. 2, S. 85-106. DOI:10.1111/issr.12040
Abstract
"It is widely known that informal contacts and networks constitute a major advantage when searching for a job. Unemployed people are likely to benefit from such informal contacts, but building and sustaining a network can be particularly difficult when out of employment. Interventions that allow unemployed people to effectively strengthen their networking capability could as a result be promising. Against this background, this article provides some hints in relation to the direction that such interventions could take. First, on the basis of data collected on a sample of 4,600 newly-unemployed people in the Swiss Canton of Vaud, it looks at the factors that influence jobseekers' decisions to turn to informal contacts for their job search. The article shows that many unemployed people are not making use of their network because they are unaware of the importance of this method. Second, it presents an impact analysis of an innovative intervention designed to raise awareness of the importance of networks which is tested in a randomized controlled trial setting." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Information disclosure and job search: evidence from a social networks experiment (2014)
Dong, Z. K.; Huang, D. S.; Tang, F. F.;Zitatform
Dong, Z. K., D. S. Huang & F. F. Tang (2014): Information disclosure and job search. Evidence from a social networks experiment. In: Applied Economics Letters, Jg. 21, H. 4, S. 293-296. DOI:10.1080/13504851.2013.856992
Abstract
"We report the results of an experiment that determined the importance of an information disclosure policy in job search behaviour. We controlled the level of employment information disclosed after every experimental round. When we announced the subjects' wage levels, which at that point they had accepted along with their counterparts in a social network, the subjects' average reservation wages increased significantly according to their initial preference. However, when this information was not revealed, the reservation wage remained the same despite the availability of the social network. We suggest that the green-eyed monster effect may be significant in explaining these results." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job search behaviour and job search success of the unemployed (2014)
Zitatform
Eppel, Rainer, Helmut Mahringer & Andrea Weber (2014): Job search behaviour and job search success of the unemployed. (WIFO working papers 471), Wien, 40 S.
Abstract
"We combine information from a job-seeker survey and two sources of administrative data to shed light on the job search behaviour and job search success of the unemployed. Our particular focus is on the way the Public Employment Service (AMS) shapes job search effort and outcomes in terms of the exit rate to work and of post-unemployment job match quality. Job-seekers attach a high value to internet job search, but social networks are by far the most promising job search channel. The AMS has a central role in the job search process of the unemployed, particularly for job-seekers with low education and long unemployment record. We find a positive link between the amount of AMS counselling and job search effort. Our results indicate that the AMS is effective in facilitating exit from unemployment to paid work - directly, through placing of jobs and increasing the efficiency of job search, as well as indirectly, by stimulating job search effort. The jobs placed by this intermediary do not significantly differ in job tenure from those generated by other channels, but they are rather poorly paid. After adjustment for differences in covariates, monthly starting wages are significantly lower for people placed via the AMS compared with those successful with the internet and private employment agencies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Your very private job agency: job referrals based on residential location networks (2014)
Hawranek, Franziska; Schanne, Norbert;Zitatform
Hawranek, Franziska & Norbert Schanne (2014): Your very private job agency. Job referrals based on residential location networks. (IAB-Discussion Paper 01/2014), Nürnberg, 33 S.
Abstract
"Diese Studie untersucht die Effekte von Job-Empfehlungen, die aus dem Wohnumfeld herrühren. Wir verwenden geocodierte Prozessdaten für die erwerbstätige Bevölkerung (in sozialversicherungspflichtiger und geringfügiger Beschäftigung) und die entsprechenden Betriebe in der Metropolregion Rhein-Ruhr, Deutschlands größter Metropolregion (und die zweitgrößte der EU). Wir schätzen die Wahrscheinlichkeit, mit der zwei Personen am selben Ort arbeiten, wenn sie in derselben Nachbarschaft wohnen (gemessen in einem 500m Î 500m Raster), und vergleichen diese mit der Wahrscheinlichkeit, wenn eine der beiden Personen in einer angrenzenden Rasterzelle wohnt. Wir finden einen signifikanten Zuwachs in der Wahrscheinlichkeit zusammen zu arbeiten, wenn die Personen in derselben Nachbarschaft wohnen; dieser Befund bleibt über verschiedene Spezifikationen robust. Wir differenzieren die Empfehlungseffekte nach sozioökonomischen Gruppen und finden vor allem für Migranten aus den traditionellen Gastarbeiterentsendeländer und aus den neuen EU-Mitgliedsstaaten starke Effekte. Darüber hinaus können wir eine Reihe von Aspekten untersuchen, um das Verständnis bezüglich Job-Empfehlungen zu vertiefen: Die Unterscheidung zwischen dem Effekt auf Zusammenarbeit in derselben Nachbarschaft und demselben Betrieb - möglicherweise das genauere Maß für Job-Empfehlungen - zeigt, dass letztere insgesamt kleiner ausfallen. Darüber hinaus finden wir, dass die Konzentration von Beschäftigung zwar auch einen positiven Zusammenhang erzeugt, aber nur eine kleine Rolle im Hinblick auf die Größenordnung des Empfehlungseffektes spielt. Wenn wir Kurzstreckenpendler (innerhalb desselben Postleitzahlbezirks) ausschließen, bleiben die Wahrscheinlichkeiten gemeinsam zu arbeiten unverändert, was unsere Interpretation dieser Wahrscheinlichkeit als Netzwerkeffekt untermauert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Do labor market networks have an important spatial dimension? (2014)
Zitatform
Hellerstein, Judith K., Mark J. Kutzbach & David Neumark (2014): Do labor market networks have an important spatial dimension? In: Journal of urban economics, Jg. 79, H. January, S. 39-58. DOI:10.1016/j.jue.2013.03.001
Abstract
"We test for evidence of spatial, residence-based labor market networks. Turnover is lower for workers more connected to their neighbors generally and more connected to neighbors of the same race or ethnic group. Both results are consistent with networks producing better job matches, while the latter could also reflect preferences for working with neighbors of the same race or ethnicity. For earnings, we find a robust positive effect of the overall residence-based network measure, whereas we usually find a negative effect of the same-group measure, suggesting that the overall network measure reflects productivityenhancing positive network effects, while the same-group measure may capture a non-wage amenity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Networks and youth labor market entry (2014)
Hensvik, Lena; Nordström Skans, Oskar;Zitatform
Hensvik, Lena & Oskar Nordström Skans (2014): Networks and youth labor market entry. In: Nordic Economic Policy Review H. 1, S. 81-117.
Abstract
"This paper provides an overview of existing knowledge regarding the role played by social networks in the process where young workers are matched to employing firms. We discuss standard theories of why social networks may be an important element in the job-matching process and survey the empirical literature on labor market networks with an emphasis on studies pertaining to the role of social contacts during the school-to-work transition phase. In addition, we present some novel evidence on how contacts established while working during the final year in high school affect youth labor market entry. Finally, we discuss how insights from this literature can be used to improve the quality of social programs targeted towards young workers in the Nordic countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
On-the-job search and finding a good job through social contacts (2014)
Horvath, Gergely;Zitatform
Horvath, Gergely (2014): On-the-job search and finding a good job through social contacts. In: The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 1-33. DOI:10.1515/bejte-2013-0033
Abstract
"The interactions between on-the-job search and finding a job through social contacts are investigated in a Diamond - Mortensen - Pissarides search model with heterogeneous wages. Workers may find a job through their social contacts and on the formal market. The presence of social contacts increases the overall welfare in society as it rises the number of workers earning high wages and decreases the unemployment rate. However, unemployed workers finding a job through social ties earn lower wages on average than those who obtain a job on the formal market. This result follows from on-the-job search: employed workers pass only those offers on to their neighbors that pay (weakly) lower wages than their current wages earned. Despite the wage discount, unemployed workers still might find it beneficial to search via social ties because arrival rate of offers is higher for this channel than for the formal market when the number of neighbors is sufficiently large. There is a trade-off between unemployment duration and wages earned for workers obtaining a job via social ties." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupational mismatch and social networks (2014)
Horváth, Gergely;Zitatform
Horváth, Gergely (2014): Occupational mismatch and social networks. In: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Jg. 106, H. October, S. 442-468. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2014.07.017
Abstract
"A labor market model with heterogeneous workers and jobs is provided to investigate the effects of social networks as a job information channel regarding the level of mismatch between workers and firms. The efficiency in producing good matches of the formal market is compared to that of social networks. It is assumed that links between workers represent favoring relationships: workers recommend each other for any kinds of jobs, regardless of the quality of the resulting match. This study shows that as the fraction of ties connecting similar agents (homophily) increases, the level of mismatch decreases. If this fraction is sufficiently high, networks provide good matches at a higher rate than the formal market, for any efficiency level of the market. In this case, the mismatch level is lower in economies with social networks than it would be if workers did not use social contacts for job search. Hence, the presence of social networks can reduce mismatch despite favoritism. Implications of mismatch creation for the expected wages of jobs obtainable through different search methods are also discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Internet-based employer search and vacancy duration: evidence from Finland (2014)
Nivalainen, Henna;Zitatform
Nivalainen, Henna (2014): Internet-based employer search and vacancy duration. Evidence from Finland. In: Labour, Jg. 28, H. 1, S. 112-140. DOI:10.1111/labr.12027
Abstract
"This study investigates the effect of the introduction of the public employment agency's Internet-based service on the duration of employer search. The analysis exploits the introduction of a web-based service by the Finnish Employment Agency in October 2002. The results, based on information on job vacancies announced via the public employment agency between 2002 and 2003, indicate that the introduction of the web service, in general, shortened the duration of employer search. However, we find that the introduction of the web-based service shortened the average duration of vacancies in some regions but not in others. In addition, employers in urban areas were more likely to benefit from the introduction of the online service." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stellenbesetzungsprozesse am deutschen Arbeitsmarkt: Schwierigkeiten und die besondere Bedeutung sozialer Netzwerke (2014)
Rebien, Martina;Zitatform
Rebien, Martina (2014): Stellenbesetzungsprozesse am deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. Schwierigkeiten und die besondere Bedeutung sozialer Netzwerke. (IAB-Bibliothek 349), Bielefeld: Bertelsmann, 137 S. DOI:10.3278/300855w
Abstract
"Was zeichnet schwierige Stellenbesetzungen bei der betrieblichen Personalsuche aus? Welche Rolle spielen dabei soziale Netzwerke - also Freunde, Verwandte und andere persönliche Kontakte? Sind Jobs, die über soziale Netzwerke gefunden wurden, tatsächlich 'bessere' Jobs? Und welche Vorteile haben Betriebe, die ihr Personal über soziale Netzwerke rekrutieren? Diesen Fragen geht Martina Rebien in ihrer Dissertationsschrift nach. Sie legt dar, dass einige gängige Annahmen über Schwierigkeiten bei der Stellenbesetzung und über die Bedeutung sozialer Netzwerke am Arbeitsmarkt einer tieferen empirischen Überprüfung nicht standhalten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
E-Book Open Access -
Literaturhinweis
Effects of social networks on finding an apprenticeship in the German vocational training system (2014)
Roth, Tobias;Zitatform
Roth, Tobias (2014): Effects of social networks on finding an apprenticeship in the German vocational training system. In: European Societies, Jg. 16, H. 2, S. 233-254. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2013.821622
Abstract
"Previous research indicates that social relationships can influence the probability of successfully finding a first job. This paper contributes to this field of research by empirically analysing the rarely studied question, if social networks can help adolescents find an apprenticeship in the strongly company-based vocational training system of Germany. In contrast to most previous studies, not only the youth's networks, but also their mothers' networks are taken into account. In addition to the social, the ethnic composition of the networks is also considered. Event data analyses of German panel data on natives and migrants from the project 'Young Immigrants in the German and Israeli Educational System' show that adolescents' networks have no effect on the success of an apprenticeship search. In contrast, the mothers' networks play a crucial role." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Rolle sozialer Netzwerke für den Erfolg von Einheimischen und Migranten im deutschen (Aus-)Bildungssystem (2014)
Roth, Tobias;Zitatform
Roth, Tobias (2014): Die Rolle sozialer Netzwerke für den Erfolg von Einheimischen und Migranten im deutschen (Aus-)Bildungssystem. (Soziologische Studien), Aachen: Shaker, 307 S.
Abstract
"Die Annahme, wonach Akteure durch ihr soziales Umfeld in ihrem Handeln beeinflusst werden und sie selbst wiederum die sie umgebenden Akteure beeinflussen, stellt einen der Grundgedanken der Soziologie dar. Hinsichtlich des Bildungs- und Arbeitsmarkterfolgs wird häufig davon ausgegangen, dass neben individuellen Eigenschaften wie Intelligenz auch die sozialen Netzwerke einer Person einen wichtigen Einfluss haben. Gleichzeitig bestehen diesbezüglich aber deutliche Lücken in der empirischen Forschung. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in diesem Buch der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern soziale Kontakte den Bildungserfolg und die Lehrstellensuche von Schülern mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund beeinflussen. Hierbei werden einschlägige Theorien besprochen, der empirische Forschungsstand dargestellt und detaillierte eigene Analysen durchgeführt. Insgesamt gibt die vorliegende Arbeit einen umfassenden Überblick darüber, welche Auswirkungen verschiedene Eigenschaften von Schüler- und von Mütternetzwerken auf unterschiedliche Determinanten des Bildungserfolgs und beim Übergang in das Berufsausbildungssystem haben." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Coworkers, networks, and job search outcomes (2014)
Zitatform
Saygin, Perihan Ozge, Andrea Weber & Michèle A. Weynandt (2014): Coworkers, networks, and job search outcomes. (IZA discussion paper 8174), Bonn, 37 S.
Abstract
"Social networks are an important channel of information transmission in the labor market. This paper studies the mechanisms by which social networks have an impact on labor market outcomes of displaced workers. We base our analysis on administrative records for the universe of private sector employment in Austria where we define work-related networks formed by past co-workers. To distinguish between mechanisms of information transmission, we adopt two different network perspectives. From the job-seeker's perspective we analyze how network characteristics affect job finding rates and wages in the new jobs. Then we switch to the perspective of the hiring firm and analyze which types of displaced workers get hired by firms that are connected to a closing firm via past co-worker links. Our results indicate that employment status and the firm types of former co-workers are crucial for the job finding success of their displaced contacts. Moreover, 21% of displaced workers find a new job in a firm that is connected to their former workplace. Among all workers that were displaced from the same closing firm those with a direct link to a former co-worker are twice as likely to be hired by the connected firm than workers without a link. These results highlight the role of work related networks in the transmission of job information and strongly suggest that job referrals are an important mechanism." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Free to move?: a network analytic approach for learning the limits to job mobility (2014)
Schmutte, Ian M.;Zitatform
Schmutte, Ian M. (2014): Free to move? A network analytic approach for learning the limits to job mobility. In: Labour economics, Jg. 29, H. August, S. 49-61. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2014.05.003
Abstract
"Job mobility has many overlapping determinants that are hard to characterize solely on the basis of industry or occupation transitions. Workers may match with, and move to, particular jobs on the basis of match quality, preferences, human capital, and mobility costs. This paper implements a novel method based on complex network analysis to describe how workers move from job to job. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), I find first that the labor market is composed of four distinct segments between which job mobility is relatively unlikely. Second, these segments are not well-described on the basis of industry, occupation, demographic characteristics, or education. Third, mobility segments are associated with earnings heterogeneity, and there is evidence of positive assortative matching across segments. Fourth, the boundaries to job mobility are counter-cyclical: workers move more freely when unemployment is low." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social capital activation and job searching: embedding the use of weak ties in the American institutional context (2014)
Sharone, Ofer;Zitatform
Sharone, Ofer (2014): Social capital activation and job searching: embedding the use of weak ties in the American institutional context. In: Work and occupations, Jg. 41, H. 4, S. 409-439. DOI:10.1177/0730888414538432
Abstract
"By comparing job seekers' use of weak ties in Israel and the United States, this article shows that Granovetter's canonical findings are rooted in the particular institutional context of the American white-collar labor market. Drawing on in-depth interviews with three distinct groups of white-collar job seekers: Americans searching in the United States, Israelis searching in Israel, and Israelis searching in the United States, this article untangles cultural and institutional factors underlying the use of weak ties and shows how labor market institutions and processes of hiring shape systematic variations in job seekers' utilization of weak ties." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mobilities and neighbourhood belonging in cities and suburbs (2014)
Watt, Paul; Kajdanek, Katarzyna; Hellinga, Annemette; Huq, Rupa; Andreotti, Alberta ; Smets, Peer; Fuentes Moreno, Francisco Javier; Keil, Roger; Giglia, Angela; Le Galés, Patrick; Bohlin, Anna; Le Grand, Elias; Young, Douglas; Millington, Gareth; Gato Assuncao, Maria; Oppenchaim, Nicolas;Zitatform
Watt, Paul & Peer Smets (Hrsg.) (2014): Mobilities and neighbourhood belonging in cities and suburbs. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 257 S. DOI:10.1057/9781137003638
Abstract
"Contemporary city and suburban dwellers are constantly on the move - commuting to work and travelling for leisure as well as moving homes. Does this mean that people are rootless and lack a sense of belonging to particular places, and especially to the neighbourhoods in which they live? Or does enhanced mobility coexist with feelings of community, belonging and being at home? These questions are examined in the chapters of this collection through an exciting series of neighbourhood-based case studies drawn from original research undertaken in the cities and suburbs of Europe, North America and Africa. This book discusses place belonging, gated communities, social mixing in post-regeneration neighbourhoods, transnational and forced mobility, suburban youth, and everyday social relations between 'newcomers' and 'old-timer'. The chapters illustrate how neighbourhoods are made and remade through flows of people as they circulate in and out of, within and around these residential locales via everyday travel and periodic residential relocation. This interdisciplinary collection employs a range of theoretical approaches drawn from urban studies, sociology, social anthropology, geography and planning." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Inhalt:
Paul Watt, Peer Smets: Introduction ( 1-22);
Alberta Andreotti, Patrick Le Gaks, Francisco Javier Moreno Fuentes: Local and Transnational Everyday Practices in Four European Cities: Are New Barbarians an the Road? ( 23-41);
Angela Giglia: Consumption Practices and Local Belonging Among Condominium Residents in Mexico City ( 42-59);
Maria Assuncao Gato: Living in a(n) (un)Gated Community: Neighbourhood Belonging in Lisbon's Parque das Nacoes ( 60-79);
Peer Smets, Annemette Hellinga: Belonging and Microsettings in a Rotterdam Housing Complex (80-99);
Anna Bohlin: Neighbours, Newcomers and Nation-Building: Producing Neighbourhood as Locality in a Post-Apartheid Cape Town Suburb (100-120);
Paul Watt, Gareth Millington, Rupa Huq: East London Mobilities: The 'Cockney Diaspora' and the Remaking of the Essex Ethnoscape (121-144);
Nicolas Oppenchaim: Teenagers' Mobilities and Sense of Belonging in the Parisian Sensitive Urban Areas (145-163);
Elias le Grand: Class, Community and Belonging in a 'Chav Town' (164-181);
Katarzyna Kajdanek: Newcomers vs. Old-Timers? Community, Cooperation and Conflict in the Post-Socialist Suburbs of Wroclaw, Poland ( 182-200);
Roger Keil, Douglas Young: In-Between Mobility in Toronto's New (Sub)urban Neighbourhoods (201-221);
Paul Watt, Peer Smets: Conclusion (222-228). -
Literaturhinweis
How personal relations work: individual market adaptation and collective action in flexible labour markets (2013)
Apitzsch, Birgit;Zitatform
Apitzsch, Birgit (2013): How personal relations work. Individual market adaptation and collective action in flexible labour markets. In: Industrielle Beziehungen, Jg. 20, H. 2, S. 116-141. DOI:10.1688/1862-0035_IndB_2013_02_Apitzsch
Abstract
"Im Kontext der zunehmenden Lockerung der Bindung zwischen Beschäftigten und Unternehmen wie auch traditionellen Mitbestimmungsformen werden Netzwerke als wichtige Möglichkeit der individuellen Risikobewältigung gesehen. Ebenso wird ihnen das Potenzial zugeschrieben, die Interessen temporär Beschäftigter zu organisieren und ihre Arbeitsbedingungen zu verbessern. Dieser Beitrag zielt mit einer Untersuchung der Formen und Funktionen persönlicher Netzwerke in der deutschen Film- und Fernsehwirtschaft auf ein besseres Verständnis der Arbeitsbeziehungen in flexiblen Arbeitsmärkten. Die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Untersuchung zeigen organisationale und institutionelle Bedingungen auf, unter denen Netzwerke zum individuellen Interessenhandeln, zu einer Organisierung oder auch zu einer Fragmentierung der Beschäftigteninteressen beitragen. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist hier die Unterscheidung nicht nur nach der Stärke sozialer Beziehungen, sondern auch zwischen vertikalen und horizontalen Beziehungen, sowie die Interaktionen zwischen individuellen und kollektiven Strategien der Netzwerknutzung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
How do the unemployed search for a job?: evidence from the EU Labour Force Survey (2013)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald & Daniel Baumgarten (2013): How do the unemployed search for a job? Evidence from the EU Labour Force Survey. In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 2, S. 1-25. DOI:10.1186/2193-9012-2-22
Abstract
"Auf Basis von harmonisierten Mikrodaten wird in diesem Papier das Job-Suchverhalten von Arbeitslosen in Europa untersucht. Dabei richtet sich das Augenmerk sowohl auf individuelle und haushaltsspezifische Determinanten des Suchverhaltens als auch auf Unterschiede zwischen den Ländern. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl individuelle als auch haushaltsspezifische Charakteristika - letztere vor allem bei Frauen - eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Jedoch bestehen, selbst wenn man für diese Faktoren kontrolliert, erhebliche Unterschiede zwischen den Ländern, die mit institutionellen Charakteristika des Arbeitsmarktes im Zusammenhang stehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Social networks and peer effects at work (2013)
Zitatform
Beugnot, Julie, Bernard Fortin, Guy Lacroix & Marie-Claire Villeval (2013): Social networks and peer effects at work. (IZA discussion paper 7521), Bonn, 40 S.
Abstract
"This paper extends the standard work effort model by allowing workers to interact through networks. We investigate experimentally whether peer performances and peer contextual effects influence individual performances. Two types of network are considered. Participants in Recursive networks are paired with participants who played previously in isolation. In Simultaneous networks, participants interact in real-time along an undirected line. Mean peer effects are identified in both cases. Individual performances increase with peer performances in the recursive network. In the simultaneous network, endogenous peer effects vary according to gender: they are large for men but not statistically different from zero for women." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
"You'd be perfect for this:": understanding the value of hiring through referrals (2013)
Burks, Stephen; Housman, Michael; Cowgill, Bo; Hoffman, Mitchell;Zitatform
Burks, Stephen, Bo Cowgill, Mitchell Hoffman & Michael Housman (2013): "You'd be perfect for this:". Understanding the value of hiring through referrals. (IZA discussion paper 7382), Bonn, 18 S.
Abstract
"Employee referrals are a very common means by which firms hire new workers. Past work suggests that workers hired via referrals often perform better than non-referred workers, but we have little understanding as to why. In this paper, we demonstrate that this is primarily because referrals allow firms to select workers better-suited for particular jobs. To test our model, we use novel and detailed productivity and survey data from nine large firms in three industries: call-centers, trucking, and high-tech/IT. Referred workers are 10-30% less likely to quit and have substantially higher performance on rare 'high-impact metrics' (e.g. creating patents and avoiding truck accidents), despite having similar characteristics and similar performance on non-rare metrics. To identify the source of these behavioral differences, we develop four new statistical tests, all of which indicate that firms benefit from referrals predominantly by selecting workers with a better fit for the job, as opposed to referrals selecting workers with higher overall quality; to referrals enabling monitoring or coaching; or to it being more enjoyable to work with friends. We document that workers refer others like themselves, not only in characteristics but in behavior (e.g. unsafe workers refer other unsafe workers), suggesting that firms may gain by incentivizing referrals most from their best workers. Referred workers achieve substantially higher profits per worker and the difference is driven by referrals from high productivity workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social networks and employment: Outcomes (Part 2) (2013)
Zitatform
Castilla, Emilio J., George J. Lan & Ben A. Rissing (2013): Social networks and employment: Outcomes (Part 2). In: Sociology compass, Jg. 7, H. 12, S. 1013-1026. DOI:10.1111/soc4.12095
Abstract
"In this second article, we continue to survey research that addresses work and employment from a social network perspective. Building on a companion article in this volume, which explores in-depth the main network mechanisms presented in the literature, this article reviews studies addressing how social networks may shape key employment outcomes for both individuals and organizations. Network access and activation may shape individuals' selection into employment opportunities in addition to a variety of post-hire outcomes including employee performance, promotion, rewards, job satisfaction, and termination. Organizations too may be influenced by their network position and by the activation of certain ties, ultimately affecting key outcomes such as firm performance, innovation, and learning measures. We conclude by discussing promising areas for future research on how social networks interact with employment." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social networks and employment: Mechanisms (Part 1) (2013)
Zitatform
Castilla, Emilio J., George J. Lan & Ben A. Rissing (2013): Social networks and employment: Mechanisms (Part 1). In: Sociology compass, Jg. 7, H. 12, S. 999-1012. DOI:10.1111/soc4.12096
Abstract
"While substantial progress has recently been made in the literature on social networks and employment, this research has not been accompanied by a larger organizing framework. In this article, we attempt to provide such framework while reviewing the literature that addresses the context of work and employment from a social network perspective - that is, research based on the assumption that actors are embedded in networks of social relations and interactions. In particular, our review focuses on the primary mechanisms that help explain how networks may shape employment outcomes and processes, namely, by conveying resources and providing signals to others. Ties among social actors may transfer better or unique resources such as information, learning, influence, and support, which consequently may affect key employment outcomes. Ties may also provide signals concerning ability, legitimacy/trust, status, and relationship meaning. We conclude by presenting a number of alternative arguments in the literature and discussing future directions for the research on social networks and employment." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor market and search through personal contacts (2013)
Chuhay, Roman;Zitatform
Chuhay, Roman (2013): Labor market and search through personal contacts. In: The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, Jg. 13, H. 1, S. 1-23. DOI:10.1515/bejte-2012-0021
Abstract
"In this article, we consider the impact of personal contacts on the labor market outcome. Unlike previous studies, we do not assume any particular network structure or vacancies communication protocol. Instead, we state three general properties of matching functions that allow us to establish the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium and characterize the impact of social ties on the labor market. In particular, we show that a monotonically increasing matching function in socialization level is a necessary and sufficient condition for having monotonically decreasing unemployment and increasing wage and market tightness. However, the same does not apply to vacancy rate. We establish a condition under which a monotonically increasing matching function produces a vacancy rate that first increases in socialization level, but then decreases." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Personalsuche in Deutschland: Kleine und mittlere Betriebe im Wettbewerb um Fachkräfte (2013)
Zitatform
Dietz, Martin, Alexander Kubis, Ute Leber, Anne Müller & Jens Stegmaier (2013): Personalsuche in Deutschland: Kleine und mittlere Betriebe im Wettbewerb um Fachkräfte. (IAB-Kurzbericht 10/2013), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Mit der konjunkturellen Erholung nach der Wirtschaftskrise hat die Fachkräftediskussion in Deutschland wieder an Fahrt gewonnen. Der Wettbewerb um gut ausgebildete Mitarbeiter stellt vor allem kleine und mittlere Betriebe vor besondere Herausforderungen. Kleine Betriebe bieten zwar mehr offene Stellen an als die mittleren und die großen Betriebe zusammen. Sie haben aber deutlich weniger Bewerber als große Betriebe und nutzen im Durchschnitt weniger Suchwege pro Stellenangebot. Fast ein Viertel ihrer Suchprozesse führt nicht zu einer Stellenbesetzung. Dass die Handlungsoptionen der kleinen Betriebe bei der Personalrekrutierung allerdings noch nicht ausgeschöpft sind, zeigen die Ergebnisse aus zwei Betriebsbefragungen des IAB." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Personalfluktuation in Deutschland 2011 nach Betriebsgröße
- Offene Stellen in Deutschland 2006 bis 2011 nach Betriebsgröße
- Durchschnittliche Zahl von Bewerbern bei erfolgreichen Stellenbesetzungen 2011 nach Betriebsgröße und Eignung
- Durchschnittliche Dauer der Personalsuche in Deutschland 2011 nach Betriebsgröße
- Verhältnis der Beschäftigten für qualifizierte Tätigkeiten zu den Beschäftigten für einfache Tätigkeiten, Deutschland 2006 bis 2011 nach Betriebsgröße
- Verteilung der Betriebe und der Beschäftigten nach Betriebsgröße, Deutschland 2011
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Literaturhinweis
Coworker networks in the labour market (2013)
Glitz, Albrecht;Zitatform
Glitz, Albrecht (2013): Coworker networks in the labour market. (IZA discussion paper 7392), Bonn, 41 S.
Abstract
"This paper studies the effect of co-worker-based networks on individual labour market outcomes. I analyse how the provision of labour market relevant information by former coworkers affects the employment probabilities and, if hired, the wages of male workers who have previously become unemployed as the result of an establishment closure. To identify the causal effect of an individual worker's network on labour market outcomes, I exploit exogenous variation in the strength of these networks that is due to the occurrence of mass-layoffs in the establishments of former coworkers. The empirical analysis is based on administrative data that comprise the universe of workers employed in Germany between 1980 and 2001. The results suggest a strong positive effect of a higher employment rate in a worker's network of former coworkers on his re-employment probability after displacement: a 10 percentage point increase in the prevailing employment rate in the network increases the re-employment probability by 7.5 percentage points. In contrast, there is no evidence of a statistically significant effect on wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Coworker networks in the labour market (2013)
Glitz, Albrecht;Zitatform
Glitz, Albrecht (2013): Coworker networks in the labour market. (CESifo working paper 4250), München, 40 S.
Abstract
"This paper studies the effect of co-worker-based networks on individual labour market outcomes. I analyse how the provision of labour market relevant information by former coworkers affects the employment probabilities and, if hired, the wages of male workers who have previously become unemployed as the result of an establishment closure. To identify the causal effect of an individual worker's network on labour market outcomes, I exploit exogenous variation in the strength of these networks that is due to the occurrence of mass-layoffs in the establishments of former coworkers. The empirical analysis is based on administrative data that comprise the universe of workers employed in Germany between 1980 and 2001. The results suggest a strong positive effect of a higher employment rate in a worker's network of former coworkers on his re-employment probability after displacement: a 10 percentage point increase in the prevailing employment rate in the network increases the re-employment probability by 7.5 percentage points. In contrast, there is no evidence of a statistically significant effect on wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Jeder und jede für sich?: geschlechtsspezifische Einkommenseffekte sozialer Kontakte beim Berufseinstieg von Hochschulabsolventen (2013)
Groß, Martin; Tesch, Jakob;Zitatform
Groß, Martin & Jakob Tesch (2013): Jeder und jede für sich? Geschlechtsspezifische Einkommenseffekte sozialer Kontakte beim Berufseinstieg von Hochschulabsolventen. In: Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung, Jg. 35, H. 4, S. 8-33.
Abstract
"Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht die Frage, inwieweit sich die Nutzung von Kontakten bei der Stellenfindung geschlechtsspezifisch auf das Einkommen der ersten Beschäftigung nach dem Hochschulabschluss auswirkt. Dabei wird neben der Beziehungsstärke und dem beruflichen Status der Kontaktperson auch das Geschlecht der helfenden Person berücksichtigt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einige Geschlechterunterschiede hinsichtlich der für die Stellenfindung erfolgreich eingesetzten Kontakte. Während Männer eher auf Männer zurückgreifen, ist das Geschlechterverhältnis der helfenden Personen bei den Frauen ausgeglichener. In Bezug auf das Einkommen zeigt sich neben den positiven Auswirkungen schwacher Kontakte und hohem Status in geschlechtergetrennten Modellen, dass sich Männer und Frauen vorzugsweise gegenseitig unterstützen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Do labor market networks have an important spatial dimension? (2013)
Zitatform
Hellerstein, Judith K., Mark J. Kutzbach & David Neumark (2013): Do labor market networks have an important spatial dimension? (NBER working paper 18763), Cambridge, Mass., 51 S. DOI:10.3386/w18763
Abstract
"We test for evidence of spatial, residence-based labor market networks. Turnover is lower for workers more connected to their neighbors generally and more connected to neighbors of the same race or ethnic group. Both results are consistent with networks producing better job matches, while the latter could also reflect preferences for working with neighbors of the same race or ethnicity. For earnings, we find a robust positive effect of the overall residence-based network measure, whereas we usually find a negative effect of the same-group measure, suggesting that the overall network measure reflects productivity-enhancing positive network effects, while the same-group measure may capture a non-wage amenity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social networks, employee selection and labor market outcomes (2013)
Hensvik, Lena; Nordström Skans, Oskar;Zitatform
Hensvik, Lena & Oskar Nordström Skans (2013): Social networks, employee selection and labor market outcomes. (Working papers / Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy 2013,15), Uppsala, 54 S.
Abstract
"The paper studies how social job finding networks affect firms' selection of employees and the setting of entry wages. Our point of departure is the Montgomery (1991) model of employee referrals which suggests that it is optimal for firms to hire new workers through referrals from their most productive existing employees, as these employees are more likely to know others with high unobserved productivity. Empirically, we identify the networks through coworker links within a rich matched employer-employee data set with cognitive and non-cognitive test scores serving as predetermined indicators of individual productivity. The results corroborate the Montgomery model's key predictions regarding employee selection patterns and entry wages into skill intensive jobs. Incumbent workers of high aptitude are more likely to be linked to entering workers. Firms also acquire entrants with higher ability scores but lower schooling when hiring linked workers supporting the notion that firms use referrals of productive employees in order to attract workers with better qualities in dimensions that would be difficult to observe at the formal market. Furthermore, the abilities of incumbent workers are reflected in the starting wages of linked entrants, suggesting that firms use the ability-density of social networks when setting entry wages. Overall the results suggest that firms use social networks as a signal of worker productivity, and that workers therefore benefit from the quality of their social ties." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of social networks on labour market outcomes: new evidence from Cape Breton (2013)
Khan, Adnan Q.; Lehrer, Steven F.;Zitatform
Khan, Adnan Q. & Steven F. Lehrer (2013): The impact of social networks on labour market outcomes. New evidence from Cape Breton. (NBER working paper 18786), Cambridge, Mass., 36 S. DOI:10.3386/w18786
Abstract
"Debates centered on the role of social networks as a determinant of labour market outcomes have a long history in economics and sociology; however, determining causality remains a challenge. In this study we use information on random assignment to a unique intervention to identify the impact of changes in the size of alternative social network measures on subsequent employment at both the individual and community level. Our results indicate that being assigned to the treatment protocol significantly increased the size of social networks, particularly weak ties. Nevertheless, these increases did not translate into improved employment outcomes 18 months following study completion. We do not find any evidence of treatment effect heterogeneity based on the initial size of one's social network; but those whose strong ties increased at a higher rate during the experiment were significantly less likely to hold a job following the experiment. We find that many of these results also hold at the community level among those who did not directly participate in the intervention. In summary, our results suggest that policies can successfully influence the size of an individual's social network, but these increases have limited impacts on long run labour market outcomes with the notable exception of changes in the composition of individuals who hold jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stellenfindung und Arbeitgeberwechsel von Hochschulabsolventen: eine ereignisanalytische Untersuchung der Beschäftigungsdauer beim ersten Arbeitgeber (2013)
Kratz, Fabian; Reimer, Maike; Felbinger, Sabine; Zhu, Xiaoyun;Zitatform
Kratz, Fabian, Maike Reimer, Sabine Felbinger & Xiaoyun Zhu (2013): Stellenfindung und Arbeitgeberwechsel von Hochschulabsolventen. Eine ereignisanalytische Untersuchung der Beschäftigungsdauer beim ersten Arbeitgeber. In: Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung, Jg. 35, H. 1, S. 38-56.
Abstract
"Dieser Beitrag untersucht den Einfluss der Stellenfindung auf die Beschäftigungsdauer von Hochschulabsolventen bei ihrem ersten Arbeitgeber und die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen. Dabei wird zwischen formellen und informellen Wegen der Stellenfindung unterschieden. Mit Daten des bayerischen Absolventenpanels und ereignisanalytischen Methoden durchgeführte Schätzungen zeigen, dass alle informellen Wege der Stellenfindung mit einer längeren Beschäftigungsdauer einhergehen, dass aber starke und schwache Kontakte durch unterschiedliche Mechanismen wirken: Schwache Kontakte führen durch Informationsvorteile auf Seiten der Absolventen und Arbeitgeber oft zu besseren Einstiegpositionen, während starke Kontakte eher über soziale Kontrollmechanismen und Normen wirken. Insgesamt können Arbeitgeber im öffentlichen Dienst und in Großbetrieben längere Beschäftigungsdauern verzeichnen, da sie Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten ohne Arbeitgeberwechsel bieten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Jobsuche über soziale Netzwerke: "Vitamin B" ist kein Wundermittel (2013)
Zitatform
Krug, Gerhard (2013): Jobsuche über soziale Netzwerke: "Vitamin B" ist kein Wundermittel. In: IAB-Forum H. 2, S. 102-107., 2013-12-03. DOI:10.3278/IFO1302W102
Abstract
"Soziale Kontakte spielen bei der Jobsuche generell eine wichtige Rolle. Für Arbeitslose und Geringqualifizierte gilt dies jedoch nur eingeschränkt. Auch für die Qualität der von ihnen gefundenen Stellen macht es keinen Unterschied, ob diese über private Netzwerke vermittelt wurden oder nicht." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Ask and you shall receive: social network contacts' provision of help during the job search (2013)
O'Connor, Lindsey Trimble;Zitatform
O'Connor, Lindsey Trimble (2013): Ask and you shall receive. Social network contacts' provision of help during the job search. In: Social Networks, Jg. 35, H. 4, S. 593-603. DOI:10.1016/j.socnet.2013.07.005
Abstract
"Social network contacts - the people who are asked to help with others' job searches - are key players in the job networking process. Before job seekers can become employed with the help social networks, contacts must first be able and willing to share the social resources job seekers need for their search. Little is known about the factors that affect contacts' ability and willingness to do this. Analyses of a unique dataset of contacts show that they typically have access to resources and help job seekers by sharing them. Still, contacts are better able to help when they are male, employed, and better educated than job seekers. They are more willing to help when they perceive job seekers to be 'good' workers. In identifying the conditions in which contacts provide social resources, this study illustrates how social networks are a productive job search strategy for some, but not all, job seekers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Social networking websites in personnel selection: a signaling perspective on recruiters' and applicants' perceptions (2013)
Roulin, Nicolas; Bangerter, Adrian;Zitatform
Roulin, Nicolas & Adrian Bangerter (2013): Social networking websites in personnel selection. A signaling perspective on recruiters' and applicants' perceptions. In: Journal of Personnel Psychology, Jg. 12, H. 3, S. 143-151. DOI:10.1027/1866-5888/a000094
Abstract
"Industry surveys and media reports suggest that recruiters increasingly use social networking websites (SNWs) in the selection process, but corresponding scientific research is still limited. Using signaling theory, we examine SNWs as a new way for applicants to signal their qualities to recruiters. Results suggest that recruiters and potential applicants (students and graduates) both perceive professional SNWs (e.g., LinkedIn) as a potential antecedent of Person-Job fit information and personal SNWs (e.g., Facebook) as a potential antecedent of Person-Organization fit information. When evaluating the same SNW profile, recruiters and potential applicants focus on different sections of the profile (e.g., recruiters focus more on job-related information), but they tend to infer similar personality traits. Implications for using SNWs in selection are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does social software increase labour productivity? (2013)
Sarbu, Miruna;Zitatform
Sarbu, Miruna (2013): Does social software increase labour productivity? (ZEW discussion paper 2013-041), Mannheim, 35 S.
Abstract
"Social Software-Anwendungen werden zunehmend auf Unternehmensebene verwendet, wobei insbesondere die Kommunikationen, Kooperation und Informationsweitergabe zwischen Individuen unterstützt wird. Diese Software umfasst unter anderem Anwendungen wie Wikis, Blogs und soziale Netzwerke. Die Anwendungen sind webbasiert, selbstorganisierend und verbinden Nutzer und deren Wissen, wodurch Kommunikationsprozesse effizienter gestaltet werden können. Social Software kann sowohl zu externer Kommunikation als auch zu internem Wissensmanagement verwendet werden. Dadurch kann sowohl auf unternehmensinternes- als auch auf externes Wissen zugegriffen werden. Besonders in den Bereichen Kundenbeziehungsmanagement, Marketing und Marktforschung können Unternehmen von externer Kommunikation durch Social Software profitieren. Darüber hinaus kann ein verbessertes Wissensmanagement zu effizienterem Projektmanagement und zu effizienterer Produktentwicklung führen. Unternehmen sind im Vergleich zur Nutzung von Content-Management-Systemen flexibler, was zu schnelleren Arbeitsabläufen führen kann. Darüber hinaus können Unternehmen sowohl ihr Zeitmanagement verbessern als auch Kosten sparen. Ein weiterer Vorteil, der in engem Zusammenhang mit Social Software steht, ist die Unterstützung des E-Commerce, da es neue Kommunikationskanäle mit Kunden schafft. Das Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Auswirkungen von Social Software auf die Arbeitsproduktivität zu untersuchen. Die Analyse basiert auf einem aktuellen Unternehmensdatensatz bestehend aus 907 Unternehmen des verarbeitenden Gewerbes und des Dienstleistungssektors in Deutschland. Als theoretischer Rahmen wird eine Cobb-Douglas Produktionsfunktion mit Social Software als Input verwendet. Die Studie zeigt, dass Social Software einen negativen Einfluss auf die Arbeitsproduktivität hat. Der Produktivitätsverlust entsteht vor allem in den Firmen, die Unternehmensblogs einsetzen. Die Ergebnisse sind robust diversen Spezifikationen, die für Heterogenität kontrollieren. Weiterhin wird die Robustheit der Ergebnisse in einer Spezifikation überprüft, die Social Software nicht binär sondern durch ein Maß der Social Software-Intensität mißt. Diese Spezifikation bestätigt ebenfalls den negativen Zusammenhang und bekräftigt damit das Ergebnis." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The role of networks and connections in educational elites'labour market entrance (2013)
Zitatform
Tholen, Gerbrand, Phillip Brown, Sally Power & Annabelle Allouch (2013): The role of networks and connections in educational elites'labour market entrance. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 34, H. December, S. 142-154. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2013.10.003
Abstract
"Despite extensive research on the role of 'personal' capital on labour market transitions, little is known about how those with elite credentials use networks and connection to improve their labour market chances. This becomes especially relevant within debates on the meritocratic nature of the post-industrial labour market. This article investigates how networks and connections aid educational elites to gain entrance into the upper echelons of the graduate labour market in two countries: France and England. Using interview data from final year students from two elite higher education institutions, Science Po and the University of Oxford, it is assessed whether their elite educational experiences are translated into networks and connections that aid their future labour market positions. The findings reveal that in both countries students have extensive opportunities to familiarise themselves with elite employers and create useful networks. In addition, students frequently arrange exclusive internships to seek future opportunities. We argue that these networks and connections are inherent to the elite educational experience and they could therefore help contribute to a credentialisation of the graduate labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mütter mit Migrationshintergrund: Familienleben und Erwerbstätigkeit (2013)
Zitatform
Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (2013): Mütter mit Migrationshintergrund. Familienleben und Erwerbstätigkeit. (Monitor Familienforschung 32), Berlin, 34 S.
Abstract
"Die aktuelle Ausgabe des Monitors Familienforschung beschäftigt sich mit Familien mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland und versucht ein differenziertes Bild zu zeichnen. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf Erwerbsbeteiligung der Mütter und ihren Potenzialen für den Arbeitsmarkt. Anhand vorhandener Daten erfolgt zunächst ein Überblick über die Lebenssituation von Familien mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den Erwerbsmotiven und Hürden sowie der Frage nach der Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf. Abschließend werden Praxisprojekte im Rahmen der Initiative 'Ressourcen stärken - Zukunft sichern' zur Erwerbsintegration von Müttern mit Migrationshintergrund vorgestellt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Social Media in deutschen Unternehmen (2012)
Arns, Tobias;Zitatform
(2012): Social Media in deutschen Unternehmen. Berlin, 24 S.
Abstract
"Fast die Hälfte der Unternehmen in Deutschland (47 Prozent) nutzen Social Media, weitere 15 Prozent planen die Nutzung bereits konkret. Der Social-Media-Einsatz ist bei kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) und Großunternehmen gleich weit verbreitet - das geht aus einer Erhebung von Techconsult im Auftrag des BITKOM hervor. Hohe Relevanz für die Wirtschaft haben beispielsweise soziale Netzwerke wie Facebook, Xing, Google+, LinkedIn und die VZ-Netzwerke. Aber auch Micro-Blog-Dienste wie Twitter oder Video-Plattformen wie YouTube sind bei den Unternehmen weit verbreitet. Die externe Unternehmenskommunikation (Marketing, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Werbung) ist der Treiber des Social-Media-Einsatzes in den Unternehmen: Drei Viertel der Social Media nutzenden Firmen setzen diese ein, um ihre Werbung zu unterstützen. 72 Prozent nutzen Social Media für das Marketing und 60 Prozent für die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit. In der internen Kommunikation sind Social Media weniger häufig im Einsatz: Nur 17 Prozent der Unternehmen setzen hier entsprechende Anwendungen und Dienste ein.
Für die Studie wurden 723 Firmen nach Art und Umfang ihres Social-Media-Einsatzes befragt. Die Untersuchung ist repräsentativ für Unternehmen in Deutschland. Die vollständigen Ergebnisse der Untersuchung stehen zum Download zur Verfügung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Status differences in the cognitive activation of social networks (2012)
Bishop Smith, Edward; Thompson, Leigh; Menon, Tanya;Zitatform
Bishop Smith, Edward, Tanya Menon & Leigh Thompson (2012): Status differences in the cognitive activation of social networks. In: Organization Science, Jg. 23, H. 1, S. 67-82. DOI:10.1287/orsc.1100.0643
Abstract
"We develop a dynamic cognitive model of network activation and show that people at different status levels spontaneously activate, or call to mind, different subsections of their networks when faced with job threat. Using a multimethod approach (General Social Survey data and a laboratory experiment), we find that, under conditions of job threat, people with low status exhibit a winnowing response (i.e., activating smaller and tighter subsections of their networks), whereas people with high status exhibit a widening response (i.e., activating larger and less constrained subsections of their networks). We integrate traditional network theories with cognitive psychology, suggesting that cognitively activating social networks is a precondition to mobilizing them. One implication is that narrowing the network in response to threat might reduce low-status group members' access to new information, harming their chances of finding subsequent employment and exacerbating social inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
People I know: job search and social networks (2012)
Cingano, Federico; Rosolia, Alfonso;Zitatform
Cingano, Federico & Alfonso Rosolia (2012): People I know. Job search and social networks. In: Journal of Labor Economics, Jg. 30, H. 2, S. 291-332. DOI:10.1086/663357
Abstract
"We assess the strength of information spillovers relating unemployment duration of workers displaced by firm closures to their former colleagues' current employment status. Displaced-specific networks are recovered from a 20-year panel of matched employer-employee data. Spillovers are identified by comparing performances of co-displaced workers. A one-standard-deviation increase in the network employment rate reduces unemployment duration by about 8%; the effect is magnified if contacts recently searched for a job and if their current employer is spatially and technologically closer to the displaced worker; stronger ties and lower competition for information favor reemployment. Several indirect tests exclude other interaction mechanisms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How social media transform migrant networks and facilitate migration (2012)
Dekker, Rianne; Engbersen, Godfried;Zitatform
Dekker, Rianne & Godfried Engbersen (2012): How social media transform migrant networks and facilitate migration. (International Migration Institute. Working papers 64), Oxford, 21 S.
Abstract
"We argue that social media are not only new communication channels in migration networks, but that they actively transform the nature of these networks and thereby facilitate migration. Despite some limitations stemming from the 'digital divide' and the reduced trustworthiness of virtual ties, qualitative data reveal four relevant functions of social media that facilitate international migration. First, social media enhance the possibilities of maintaining strong ties with family and friends. Second, they are used to address weak ties that are relevant to organizing the process of migration and integration. Third, social media establish a new infrastructure consisting of latent ties. Fourth, they offer a rich source of insider knowledge on migration that is discrete and unofficial. This makes potential migrants 'streetwise' with regard to the undertaking of migration. Based on these empirical findings we conclude that social media are transforming migration networks and thereby lowering the threshold for migration." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Short term gain, long term pain: Informal job search methods and post-displacement outcomes (2012)
Zitatform
Green, Colin P. (2012): Short term gain, long term pain: Informal job search methods and post-displacement outcomes. In: Journal of labor research, Jg. 33, H. 3, S. 337-352. DOI:10.1007/s12122-012-9136-y
Abstract
"This paper examines the role of informal job search methods on the labour market outcomes of displaced workers. Informal job search methods could alleviate short-term labour market difficulties of displaced workers by providing information on job opportunities, allowing them to signal their productivity and may mitigate wage losses through better post-displacement job matching. However if displacement results from reductions in demand for specific sectors/skills, the use of informal job search methods may increase the risk of job instability. While informal job search methods are associated with lower wage losses, they lead to increased job instability and increased risk of subsequent job displacement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Inequalities in use of the internet for job search: similarities and contrasts by economic status in Great Britain (2012)
Green, Anne E.; Hoyos, Maria de; Li, Yuxin; Owen, David;Zitatform
Green, Anne E., Yuxin Li, David Owen & Maria de Hoyos (2012): Inequalities in use of the internet for job search. Similarities and contrasts by economic status in Great Britain. In: Environment and Planning. A, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Jg. 44, H. 10, S. 2344-2358. DOI:10.1068/a452
Abstract
"By 2009 four in every five job seekers in Great Britain were making use of the Internet in job search, generally alongside other methods. While the Internet has created new opportunities for job seekers, there are concerns that inequalities in use of and access to the Internet will intensify difficulties experienced by disadvantaged groups in finding work. This paper analyses the incidence and determinants of online job search in Great Britain, using Labour Force Survey data for 2006 to 2009. Use of the Internet increased over this period, with employed job seekers most likely to undertake online job search. A probit model reveals that age and highest qualification are key factors affecting individuals' use of the Internet for job search, with older job seekers and those with lower education levels most likely to 'lose out' in terms of accessing employment opportunities via the Internet. Some significant urban and regional differences are revealed, indicating that job seekers from less prosperous regions and those outside major metropolitan areas are least likely to make use of the Internet for job search. Keywords: digital divide, economic status, inequalities, Internet, job search, unemployed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Netzwerken als Strategie zur beruflichen Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern (2012)
Innreiter-Moser, Cäcilia; Schnugg, Claudia;Zitatform
Innreiter-Moser, Cäcilia & Claudia Schnugg (2012): Netzwerken als Strategie zur beruflichen Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern. In: Momentum Quarterly, Jg. 1, H. 3, S. 165-183.
Abstract
"Netzwerken ist für beruflichen Erfolg von enormer Bedeutung. Männer und Frauen gehen unterschiedlich damit um bzw. haben ungleichen Zugang zu berufsrelevanten Netzwerken. Der Beitrag geht mithilfe von qualitativen Interviews mit Unternehmerinnen der Frage nach, woraus sich diese Unterschiede ergeben und warum sie so beharrlich bleiben, zumal viele berufsrelevante Netzwerke für Frauen offen sind und in den letzten zwei Dekaden auch zunehmend reine Frauennetzwerke gegründet wurden. Unsere Analysen zeigen eine langsame Veränderung in der Wahrnehmung von Netzwerken und dem Umgang mit unterschiedlichen Arten von Netzwerkkontakten (starke und schwache Kontakte) von Frauen. Der Beitrag zeigt aus der Perspektive des Neo-Institutionalismus eine mögliche Erklärung für die Persistenz des unterschiedlichen Nutzens von Netzwerken für beruflichen Erfolg von Frauen und Männern und leitet praktische Implikationen in Form von Handlungsempfehlungen zur Überwindung der bestehenden Situation ab." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
(When) Is job-finding via personal contacts a meaningful concept for social network analysis?: a comment to Chua (2011) (2012)
Zitatform
Krug, Gerhard (2012): (When) Is job-finding via personal contacts a meaningful concept for social network analysis? A comment to Chua (2011). In: Social Networks, Jg. 34, H. 4, S. 527-533., 2012-05-11. DOI:10.1016/j.socnet.2012.05.002
Abstract
"Chua (2011) argues that in a meritocratic context, institutions restrict the usefulness of social networks in exerting influence on job seekers' earnings. Regressing job-finding via personal contacts on earnings, he finds negative effects of influence via personal contacts, especially for the well-educated and individuals working in the state sector. In this comment, I argue that these results are ambiguous because (1) the analysis does not sufficiently distinguish between job 'search' methods and job 'finding' methods, (2) job-finding method indicates information flow rather than a personal contact's influence, and (3) it remains unclear whether Chua's analysis reflects the effect of network usage in job search per se or the effect of self-selection into network usage by individuals with low earning potential." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Network-based job search: an analysis of monetary and non-monetary labor market outcomes for the low-status unemployed (2012)
Zitatform
Krug, Gerhard & Martina Rebien (2012): Network-based job search. An analysis of monetary and non-monetary labor market outcomes for the low-status unemployed. In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Jg. 41, H. 4, S. 315-333., 2012-05-11. DOI:10.1515/zfsoz-2012-0405
Abstract
"Der Aufsatz analysiert den Einfluss der Informationsübertragung über soziale Netzwerke (Freunde, Verwandte und andere persönliche Kontakte) auf monetäre und nicht-monetäre Arbeitsmarkterträge. Die theoretische Basis der Analyse ist ein von Montgomery (1992) vorgeschlagenes suchtheoretisches Modell. Um kausale Effekte zu identifizieren, verwenden wir Propensity-Score-Matching. Unbeobachtete Heterogenität wird mit Hilfe von Rosenbaum-Bounds in der Analyse berücksichtigt. Als Datenbasis dient uns eine Befragung von geringqualifizierten und/oder Langzeitarbeitslosen. Im Zuge der Analyse stellt sich die weit verbreitete Vorgehensweise als irreführend heraus, den Einfluss sozialer Netzwerke auf der Basis eines Vergleichs verschiedener Wege zu identifizieren, auf denen Arbeitsplätze gefunden werden. Stattdessen schlagen wir vor, Personengruppen miteinander zu vergleichen, die mit bzw. ohne Einbindung sozialer Kontakte nach Arbeit gesucht haben. Aus einer solchen Analyse ergeben sich keinerlei Hinweise darauf, dass die Suche über soziale Netzwerke kausale Effekte auf monetäre Erträge wie den Lohn oder die Lohnzufriedenheit oder nichtmonetäre Aspekte wie die Jobzufriedenheit hat." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Online job search and matching quality (2012)
Mang, Constantin;Zitatform
Mang, Constantin (2012): Online job search and matching quality. (Ifo working paper 147), München, 31 S.
Abstract
"The Internet has fundamentally changed the way workers and firms are matched on the job market. Compared to newspapers and other traditional employment resources, online job boards presumably lead to better matches by providing a wider choice of job advertisements and more sophisticated methods for finding suitable vacancies. This study investigates the association of online job search and matching quality using individual-level data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). My results show that job changers who found their new job online are better matched than their counterparts who found their new job through newspapers, friends, job agencies, or other channels." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Don't mention it: why people don't share job information, when they do, and why it matters (2012)
Marin, Alexandra;Zitatform
Marin, Alexandra (2012): Don't mention it: why people don't share job information, when they do, and why it matters. In: Social Networks, Jg. 34, H. 2, S. 181-192. DOI:10.1016/j.socnet.2011.11.002
Abstract
"Network-based job search is especially likely to foster workplace segregation and limit status attainment when information flows through homophilous ties. This paper takes the perspective of information holders and examines how the use of strong versus weak ties - which tend to be homophilous and heterophilous, respectively - differs with characteristics of labour markets in which jobs are located. Using in-depth interviews with entry-level white collar workers I show that information holders with opportunities to mention specific jobs to specific people do so only 27% of the time. Because they hesitate to share information if they are uncertain the information is specifically sought, information flows more commonly to strong ties, whose career goals are more likely to be known. Information is more likely to be shared with weak ties if it concerns occupations for which one may be specifically credentialed, since receiving relevant training serves as signal of interest in such jobs. These finding suggest that the homophily of referrals and their inequality-generating effects may vary across occupations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How much do employers learn from referrals? (2012)
Pinkston, Joshua C.;Zitatform
Pinkston, Joshua C. (2012): How much do employers learn from referrals? In: Industrial relations, Jg. 51, H. 2, S. 317-341. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.2012.00679.x
Abstract
"This paper tests the hypothesis that referrals from various sources provide employers with more information about job applicants than they would have with-out a referral. The study uses data that contain information on two workers in the same job, allowing the differences in job and firm characteristics to be canceled out and controlling for the possibility that workers with referrals from different sources (or no referral at all) sort into jobs that put different weights on individual performance. The estimation results are consistent with referrals from current employees providing employers with more information than they would have otherwise. Additionally, it appears as though hiring through friends or relatives of the employer may involve some favoritism that results in employers either collecting less information than they would otherwise or ignoring information when setting wages. The study finds weak evidence consistent with referrals from other firms or labor unions providing useful information, and no evidence that referrals from community organizations or other sources have any effect." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Berufsorientierung im Zeitalter von Web 2.0 - Gestaltungsoptionen für Angebote zur berufliche Orientierungs vor dem Hintergrund zielgruppenspezifischer Anforderungen (2012)
Rehbold, Rolf Richard;Zitatform
Rehbold, Rolf Richard (2012): Berufsorientierung im Zeitalter von Web 2.0 - Gestaltungsoptionen für Angebote zur berufliche Orientierungs vor dem Hintergrund zielgruppenspezifischer Anforderungen. In: Kölner Zeitschrift für Wirtschaft und Pädagogik, Jg. 27, H. 53, S. 105-123.
Abstract
"Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, Gestaltungoptionen für internetbasierte Angebote zur Berufsorientierung aufzuarbeiten und zu hinterfragen. Hierbei gilt es als Grundlage für eine spätere Ausgestaltung von Angeboten zielgruppenspezifisch zu thematisieren,
- welche Internetangebote von Jugendlichen genutzt werden (dies betrifft die Frage, über welche Zugangskanäle Jugendlichen Wege zu Angeboten der beruflichen Orientierung geöffnet bzw. direkt präsentiert werden können),
- welche bereits vorhandenen Internetangebote sowie welche Nicht-Internetangebote Jugendliche als hilfreich für ihren Berufswahlprozess empfinden (dies betrifft die Frage nach dem Stellenwert des Internets und ihrer Bezugspersonen),
- welche Komponenten bzw. medialen Umsetzungen Jugendliche in Angeboten zur beruflichen Orientierung erwarten (dies betrifft die Frage der medialen Ausgestaltung von Angeboten),
- und welche Aspekte eines Berufes bzw. einer Tätigkeit entscheidungsrelevant sind (dies betrifft die Frage der inhaltlichen Ausgestaltung hinsichtlich der für die Jugendlichen relevanten Informationen)." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Social networks and regional recruitment of foreign labour: firm recruitment methods and spatial sorting in Denmark (2012)
Zitatform
Schmidt, Torben Dall & Peter Sandholt Jensen (2012): Social networks and regional recruitment of foreign labour. Firm recruitment methods and spatial sorting in Denmark. In: Papers in regional science, Jg. 91, H. 4, S. 795-818. DOI:10.1111/j.1435-5957.2012.00424.x
Abstract
"This paper tests the hypothesis that social networks are crucial for regional recruitment and inflows of foreign labour. New survey data on 971 firms located in Region Southern Denmark show that the predominant recruitment method of foreign labour was through networks. Danish municipal data from 1997-2006 furthermore reveal spatial sorting since initial shares of employees with a foreign background out of total regional employment predict foreign labour inflow rates to regional employment. Thus, social networks appear crucial for the recruitment and inflows of foreign labour, suggesting that employee referrals and information about vacancies in local job markets are also important for foreign labour." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Connecting with work: the role of social networks in immigrants searching for jobs in Finland (2011)
Ahmad, Akhlaq;Zitatform
Ahmad, Akhlaq (2011): Connecting with work. The role of social networks in immigrants searching for jobs in Finland. In: European Societies, Jg. 13, H. 5, S. 687-712. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2011.580854
Abstract
"This study considers to what extent immigrants' social networks have acted as important resources that have helped them to connect with employment opportunities during their entire occupational careers in Finland. Adopting a comprehensive job-acquisition model, it offers a detailed investigation into how job information that led to employment is acquired and transmitted, how the jobs themselves are applied for, and in which ways social contacts have played a direct or indirect role in obtaining them. Despite the presence of a well-established nationwide system of public employment agencies in Finland, reliance on predominantly ethnic networks was found to be pervasive among immigrants throughout their employment histories under loose as well as tight job-market conditions. The role of networks was especially vital in the immediate post-immigration period, because as newcomers to the host society, they lacked locally acquired human capital. The empirical observations also suggest, however, that extensive reliance on networks was also a means to circumvent discrimination prevailing in the labour market that discouraged immigrants from seeking employment through formal channels of job information. Discrimination had not only contributed to low occupational attainment of informants by confining them to low-prestige occupations but indirectly also may have led to the structuring of ethnically dominated networks among them. The study suggests that the efforts aimed at creating equal employment opportunities for immigrants are unlikely to bear fruit without successfully combating discrimination and a general change in attitudes towards immigrants in society." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Job contact networks and the ethnic minorities (2011)
Battu, Harminder; Seaman, Paul; Zenou, Yves;Zitatform
Battu, Harminder, Paul Seaman & Yves Zenou (2011): Job contact networks and the ethnic minorities. In: Labour economics, Jg. 18, H. 1, S. 48-56. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2010.07.001
Abstract
"Using data from the UK Quarterly Labor Force Survey, this paper examines the job finding methods of different ethnic groups in the UK. Our empirical findings suggest that, though personal networks are a popular method of finding a job for the ethnic minorities, the foreign born and those who identify themselves as non-British, they are not necessarily the most effective either in terms of gaining employment or in terms of the level of job achieved. However, there are some important differences across ethnic groups with some groups losing out disproportionately from using personal networks" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Global vernetzt und mobil: transnationale Karrierewege an der Hochschule (2011)
Bauschke-Urban, Carola;Zitatform
Bauschke-Urban, Carola (2011): Global vernetzt und mobil. Transnationale Karrierewege an der Hochschule. In: M. Leszczensky & T. Barthelmes (Hrsg.) (2011): Herausforderung Internationalisierung : die Hochschulen auf dem Weg zum Europäischen Hochschulraum. Stand und Perspektiven. Dokumentation der 5. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Hochschulforschung am 29. - 30. April 2010 in Hannover, S. 55-62.
Abstract
"Im Folgenden werden Befunde der Studie 'Im Transit. Transnationalisierungsprozesse in der Wissenschaft' (Bauschke-Urban 2010) vorgestellt, mit der mobile Karrierewege von Nachwuchswissenschaftlerinnen, ihre alltägliche Lebensführung und ihre Beteiligung an einem transnational und weltweit agierenden Wissenschaftlerinnen-Netzwerk untersucht wurden. Das Netzwerk ist im Kontext der Internationalen Frauenuniversität (ifu) entstanden. Es handelt sich um eine dauerhafte Vernetzung von Wissenschaftlerinnen weltweit. Das untersuchte Netzwerk ist eine von zahlreichen Folgeaktivitäten der ifu. Die Perspektive dieser Forschung richtet sich auf die transnationale Vernetzung und die Biographien von Wissenschaftlerinnen, die an der Internationalen Frauenuniversität ifu beteiligt waren, und umfasst eine quantitative Onlinestudie im Netzwerk sowie biographische Interviews. Das Sample besteht aus 1000 Wissenschaftlerinnen aus 105 Ländern. Ein hoher Anteil von ihnen zählt zur Gruppe hoch Mobiler, die ihre Karrieren an unterschiedlichen Hochschulen in mehreren Ländern entwickeln." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Netzgesellschaft: eine repräsentative Untersuchung zur Mediennutzung und dem Informationsverhalten der Gesellschaft in Deutschland (2011)
Bertsch, Marcel; Arenz, Rainer; Huth, Nathalie;Zitatform
(2011): Netzgesellschaft. Eine repräsentative Untersuchung zur Mediennutzung und dem Informationsverhalten der Gesellschaft in Deutschland. Berlin, 54 S.
Abstract
"In der Studie 'Netzgesellschaft' untersucht der BITKOM in Zusammenarbeit mit der Aris Umfrageforschung die Mediennutzung und das Informationsverhalten der Bundesbürger. Grundlage ist eine repräsentative Bevölkerungsumfrage.
Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, welche Bedeutung die neuen Medien, insbesondere das Internet, sowohl für die Freizeit als auch für den Job gewonnen haben. Dabei geht es um zahlreiche Vorteile, wie die wachsende Vernetzung, die Erleichterung der Kommunikation und des Informationsaustauschs, aber auch um negative Begleiterscheinungen, wie die Informationsüberflutung und der Druck der permanenten Erreichbarkeit. Die Studie belegt jedoch, dass die meisten Menschen verantwortungsbewusst mit den neuen Medien umgehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Integrating new technologies into careers practice: extending the knowledge base (2011)
Bimrose, Jenny; Barnes, Sally-Anne; Hughes, Deirdre;Zitatform
Bimrose, Jenny, Deirdre Hughes & Sally-Anne Barnes (2011): Integrating new technologies into careers practice. Extending the knowledge base. London, 42 S.
Abstract
"The UK Commission has been charged with identifying effective methods for improving the provision of careers information, advice and guidance. This publication serves to introduce and analyse some of the key topics relating to the role and potential of technology in this task." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Social networks, employment, and insurance (2011)
Bloch, Francis;Zitatform
Bloch, Francis (2011): Social networks, employment, and insurance. In: CESIfo Economic Studies, Jg. 57, H. 1, S. 183-202. DOI:10.1093/cesifo/ifq021
Abstract
"This article discusses two applications of social network theory to employment and social policies. Job contact networks help workers find jobs and risk-sharing networks help villagers in developing countries insure against illness and idiosyncratic shocks. In both applications, recent advances of network theory have shed new light on the issues, relating the structure of the social network to economic outcomes." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Social networks, job search methods and reservation wages: evidence for Germany (2011)
Zitatform
Caliendo, Marco, Ricarda Schmidl & Arne Uhlendorff (2011): Social networks, job search methods and reservation wages. Evidence for Germany. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 32, H. 7, S. 796-824. DOI:10.1108/01437721111174767
Abstract
"This paper aims to analyze the role of social networks on the job search choices of the unemployed. If social networks convey useful information in the job search process, individuals with larger networks should experience a higher productivity of informal search channels. This in turn affects the choice of formal search intensity and the reservation wage. The paper seeks to test these search-theoretic implications of productive social networks empirically. The authors use the IZA Evaluation Dataset containing detailed information on job search behavior of recently unemployed individuals. Observing a rich array of personality traits and direct measures of the social network, the authors choose an identification approach based on observable characteristics using least squares and binary probit regression analysis. The findings confirm theoretical expectations. Individuals with larger networks use informal search channels more often and shift from formal to informal search. In addition to that, evidence is found for a positive relationship between network size and reservation wages. The extent to which networks are used during job search most likely also depends on the quality of the network, which cannot be observed in the data. However, as the network significantly changes the observable formal job search effort of individuals, public job search monitoring policies should take these effects into account. The paper complements the previous body of literature on the role of social networks in the labor market that predominantly focuses on labor market outcomes. By highlighting the interaction between networks and job search choices the paper improves the understanding of realized labor market outcomes in the presence of networks." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Uhlendorff, Arne; -
Literaturhinweis
Friends' networks and job finding rates (2011)
Cappellari, Lorenzo; Tatsiramos, Konstantinos;Zitatform
Cappellari, Lorenzo & Konstantinos Tatsiramos (2011): Friends' networks and job finding rates. (ISER working paper 2011-21), Colchester, 48 S.
Abstract
"Social interactions have important consequences for labour market outcomes. Yet the growing literature has relied on indirect definitions of networks. We present the first evidence based on direct information on friends' networks. We address issues of correlated effects with instrumental variables and panel data. We find large network effects, which persist even after controlling for family networks. One additional employed friend increases a person's job finding probability by approximately 13 percent. This is a result of endogenous social interactions. We also provide the first evidence that network effects operate through information transmission rather than through social norms or leisure complementarities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Social networks and labour market outcomes in a meritocracy (2011)
Chua, Vincent;Zitatform
Chua, Vincent (2011): Social networks and labour market outcomes in a meritocracy. In: Social Networks, Jg. 33, H. 1, S. 1-11. DOI:10.1016/j.socnet.2010.08.001
Abstract
"This paper examines the significance of personal contacts in job searches, in the context of Singapore's meritocratic system. I show that in certain sectors, such as the state bureaucracy, social networking brings no distinct advantages as appointments are made exclusively on the basis of the academic credentials of the candidates. Thus, personal contacts are not always useful, especially in labour markets that rely heavily on the signalling role of academic credentials to match persons to jobs and allocate rewards. In contrast, personal contacts are more useful among less qualified job searchers in the private sector." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Die Rolle von Netzwerken bei der Sicherung und Gewinnung von Fachkräften (2011)
Dankwart, Saskia; David, Alexandra;Zitatform
Dankwart, Saskia & Alexandra David (2011): Die Rolle von Netzwerken bei der Sicherung und Gewinnung von Fachkräften. (Institut Arbeit und Technik. Forschung aktuell 2011-09), Gelsenkirchen, 13 S.
Abstract
"Der Fachkräftemangel ist bislang ein sektoral- und regionalspezifisches Problem. Obwohl kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen aufgrund geringerer Ressourcen vom Fachkräftemangel besonders betroffen sind, melden mittlerweile auch Großunternehmen ungedeckten Bedarf. Im Rahmen diverser Maßnahmen gegen den Fachkräftemangel werden zunächst Fachkräfte auf regionaler Ebene mobilisiert. Reichen diese Maßnahmen nicht aus, muss auf die überregionale Fachkräfterekrutierung zusätzlich zurückgegriffen werden. Rückkehr-Migranten sind dabei eine wichtige, aber oft noch vernachlässigte Quelle der Fachkräftegewinnung. Als Rekrutierungskanäle für Fachkräfte sind insbesondere regionale und überregionale Netzwerke zu nennen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Betriebliche Personalsuche und Stellenbesetzungen: Neueinstellungen gelingen am besten über persönliche Kontakte (2011)
Dietz, Martin; Röttger, Christof; Szameitat, Jörg;Zitatform
Dietz, Martin, Christof Röttger & Jörg Szameitat (2011): Betriebliche Personalsuche und Stellenbesetzungen: Neueinstellungen gelingen am besten über persönliche Kontakte. (IAB-Kurzbericht 26/2011), Nürnberg, 8 S.
Abstract
"Ein wichtiger Indikator für die Lage am Arbeitsmarkt ist die Zahl der offenen Stellen, die das Ausmaß des ungedeckten gesamtwirtschaftlichen Arbeitskräftebedarfs zeigt. Da die Betriebe nicht alle offenen Stellen bei den Arbeitsagenturen melden, erhebt das IAB das gesamte Stellenangebot in regelmäßigen Betriebsbefragungen. Diese geben auch Auskunft über betriebliche Prozesse bei der Stellenbesetzung. Dieser Kurzbericht untersucht, welche unterschiedlichen Suchwege die Betriebe bei der Personalrekrutierung gehen und welche am ehesten zum Erfolg führen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Ausgewählte Suchwege 2006 bis 2010 in Deutschland und 2010 in Ost- und Westdeutschland
- Besetzungswege nach Betriebsgröße in Deutschland 2010
- Neueinstellungen und betriebliche Suchwege 2006 bis 2010
- Besetzungswege nach Qualifikationsanforderung der Stelle in Deutschland 2010
- Erfolgsquote für ausgewählte Suchwege 2006 bis 2010 in Deutschland und 2010 in Ost- und Westdeutschland
- Stellenbesetzungen nach vorherigem Erwerbsstatus in Deutschland 2010
- Ausgewählte Besetzungswege 2006 bis 2010 in Deutschland und 2010 in Ost- und Westdeutschland
-
Literaturhinweis
Referral-based job search networks (2011)
Dustmann, Christian; Schönberg, Uta; Glitz, Albrecht;Zitatform
Dustmann, Christian, Albrecht Glitz & Uta Schönberg (2011): Referral-based job search networks. (IZA discussion paper 5777), Bonn, 48 S.
Abstract
"This paper develops a model and derives novel testable implications of referral-based job search networks in which employees provide employers with information about potential job market candidates that they otherwise would not have. Using unique matched employer-employee data that cover the entire workforce in one large metropolitan labor market over a 20 year period, we find strong support for the predictions of our model. We first show that firms are more likely to hire minority workers from a particular group if the existing share of workers from that group employed in the firm is higher. We then provide evidence that workers earn higher wages, and are less likely to leave their firms, if they were hired by a firm with a larger share of minority workers from their own group and are therefore more likely to have obtained the job through a referral. The effects are particularly strong at the beginning of the employment relationship and decline with tenure in the firm. These findings have important implications in suggesting that job search networks help to reduce informational deficiencies in the labor market and lead to productivity gains for workers and firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Schönberg, Uta; -
Literaturhinweis
Referral-based job search networks (2011)
Dustmann, Christian; Schönberg, Uta; Glitz, Albrecht;Zitatform
Dustmann, Christian, Albrecht Glitz & Uta Schönberg (2011): Referral-based job search networks. (CReAM discussion paper 2011,11), London, 48 S.
Abstract
"This paper develops a model and derives novel testable implications of referral-based job search networks in which employees provide employers with information about potential job market candidates that they otherwise would not have. Using unique matched employer-employee data that cover the entire workforce in one large metropolitan labor market over a 20 year period, we find strong support for the predictions of our model. We first show that firms are more likely to hire minority workers from a particular group if the existing share of workers from that group employed in the firm is higher. We then provide evidence that workers earn higher wages, and are less likely to leave their firms, if they were hired by a firm with a larger share of minority workers from their own group and are therefore more likely to have obtained the job through a referral. The effects are particularly strong at the beginning of the employment relationship and decline with tenure in the firm. These findings have important implications in suggesting that job search networks help to reduce informational deficiencies in the labor market and lead to productivity gains for workers and firms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Schönberg, Uta; -
Literaturhinweis
Simultaneous search and network efficiency (2011)
Gautier, Pieter A.; Holzner, Christian L.;Zitatform
Gautier, Pieter A. & Christian L. Holzner (2011): Simultaneous search and network efficiency. (IZA discussion paper 5859), Bonn, 67 S.
Abstract
"When workers send applications to vacancies they create a network. Frictions arise because workers typically do not know where other workers apply to and firms do not know which candidates other firms consider. The first coordination friction affects network formation, while the second coordination friction affects network clearing. We show that those frictions and the wage mechanism are in general not independent. The wage mechanism determines both the distribution of networks that can arise and the number of matches on a given network. Equilibria that exhibit wage dispersion are inefficient in terms of network formation. Under complete recall (firms can go back and forth between all their candidates) only wage mechanisms that allow for ex post Bertrand competition generate the maximum matching on a realized network." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Referral hiring, endogenous social networks, and inequality: an agent-based analysis (2011)
Zitatform
Gemkow, Simon & Michael Neugart (2011): Referral hiring, endogenous social networks, and inequality. An agent-based analysis. In: Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Jg. 21, H. 4, S. 703-719. DOI:10.1007/s00191-011-0219-3
Abstract
"The importance of referral hiring, which is workers finding employment via social contacts, is nowadays an empirically well documented fact. It also has been shown that social networks for finding jobs can create stratification. These analyses are, by and large, based on exogenous network structures. We go beyond the existing work by building an agent-based model of the labor market in which the social network of potential referees is endogenous. Workers invest some of their endowments into building up and fostering their social networks as an insurance device against future job losses. We look into the manner in which social networks and inequality respond to increased uncertainty in the labor market. We find that larger variability in firms' labor demand reduces workers' efforts put into social networks, leading to lower inequality." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Praxishandbuch: Berufsberatung 2.0: Wissens- und Infomanagement-Tools für die Berufsberatung und -orientierung (2011)
Haydn, Franziska; Mosberger, Brigitte;Zitatform
Haydn, Franziska & Brigitte Mosberger (2011): Praxishandbuch: Berufsberatung 2.0. Wissens- und Infomanagement-Tools für die Berufsberatung und -orientierung. Wien: Communicatio, 86 S.
Abstract
"Dieses Handbuch zielt vor allem auf TrainerInnen ab, die Berufsorientierungsmaßnahmen leiten. Der eine Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf IKT-Tools, die von den TrainerInnen selbst verwendet werden können und den Arbeitsalltag erleichtern sollen. Diese Tools beziehen sich vor allem auf Informationsmanagement auf individueller wie organisationaler Ebene, aber auch auf Möglichkeiten der IKT-gestützten Wissensvisualisierung und der Herstellung von Materialien und Unterlagen für Trainings. Der zweite Schwerpunkt liegt in der Anwendung von IKT-Tools durch TeilnehmerInnen an Trainings. Der Einsatz von neuen, digitalen Medien vereinfacht das kollaborative Erarbeiten von Inhalten, aber auch das Experimentieren im virtuellen Raum und ermöglicht damit neue Lernerfahrungen. Die entsprechenden Tools sollen kurz umrissen und in ihrer Anwendung skizziert werden. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt des Handbuches ist schlussendlich die IKT-unterstützte Kommunikation zwischen TrainerInnen und TeilnehmerInnen, die über die Anwendung in Trainingsmaßnahmen hinausgehend auch einmalige oder mehrmalige Einzelberatung berücksichtigt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Neighbors and coworkers: The importance of residential labor market networks (2011)
Zitatform
Hellerstein, Judith K., Melissa McInerney & David Neumark (2011): Neighbors and coworkers: The importance of residential labor market networks. In: Journal of labor economics, Jg. 29, H. 4, S. 659- 695. DOI:10.1086/660776
Abstract
"We specify and implement a test for the presence and importance of labor market networks based on residential proximity, in determining the establishments at which people work. Using matched employer-employee data at the establishment level, we measure the importance of these network effects for groups broken out by race, ethnicity, and measures of skill. The evidence indicates that these types of labor market networks do exist and play an important role in determining the establishments where workers work; that they are more important for minorities and the less skilled, especially among Hispanics; and that they appear to be race based." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Jugend 2.0: eine repräsentative Untersuchung zum Internetverhalten von 10- bis 18-Jährigen (2011)
Hoyer, Markus; Spahr, Christian; Huth, Nathalie;Zitatform
(2011): Jugend 2.0. Eine repräsentative Untersuchung zum Internetverhalten von 10- bis 18-Jährigen. Berlin, 40 S.
Abstract
"'Für die Studie 'Jugend 2.0' hat der BITKOM in Zusammenarbeit mit Forsa Kinder und Jugendliche im Alter von 10 bis 18 Jahren umfangreich befragt. Schwerpunktthema ist das Internet und dessen Rolle im Leben der Kinder und Jugendlichen. Dabei werden die häufigsten Internetaktivitäten beleuchtet, darunter auch die Nutzung von sozialen Netzwerken. Weitere Themen sind der Umgang mit Daten im Netz sowie positive und negative Erfahrungen, die die jungen Nutzer im Internet sammeln. Im Hinblick auf die Rolle der Eltern wird erfasst, welche Maßnahmen diese zum Schutz ihrer Kinder im Internet getroffen haben. Die Erhebung ist repräsentativ. Es wurden mehr als 700 10- bis 18-Jährige befragt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Social networks and occupational attainment in Australia (2011)
Huang, Xianbi; Western, Mark;Zitatform
Huang, Xianbi & Mark Western (2011): Social networks and occupational attainment in Australia. In: Sociology, Jg. 45, H. 2, S. 269-286. DOI:10.1177/0038038510394029
Abstract
"This article contributes to exploring the comparative effects of market mechanisms and social networks and the interplay of human capital and social networks in western labour markets. We examine social networks and occupational attainment by using data from the 2007 Australian Survey of Social Attitudes and provide three major findings: (1) as a job search method, social networks are associated with lower earnings and occupational status and a lower probability of entering a professional or managerial position than market-oriented job search methods; (2) jobs that are found using strong ties have lower occupational attainment than jobs found using weak ties; and (3) the poorer occupational attainment outcomes associated with social networks are only observed among those without university degrees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Soziale Netzwerke: eine repräsentative Untersuchung zur Nutzung sozialer Netzwerke im Internet (2011)
Huth, Nathalie; Budde, Lars; Arns, Tobias;Zitatform
(2011): Soziale Netzwerke. Eine repräsentative Untersuchung zur Nutzung sozialer Netzwerke im Internet. Berlin, 33 S.
Abstract
"Drei Viertel (74 Prozent) der Internetnutzer in Deutschland sind in mindestens einem sozialen Online-Netzwerk angemeldet, zwei Drittel nutzen die sozialen Netzwerke auch aktiv - das geht aus einer repräsentativen Erhebung von Forsa im Auftrag des BITKOM hervor. Bei den 14- bis 29-Jährigen Internetnutzern sind bereits 92 Prozent Mitglied in einer oder mehreren Online-Communitys. Unter den 30- bis 49-Jährigen sind es 72 Prozent und in der Generation 50-Plus immerhin 55 Prozent. Über die generelle Nutzung hinaus behandelt die Studie Fragen zur Nutzungsdauer, zur Anzahl an Kontakten und zum Umgang mit persönlichen Daten. Gegenüber der ersten Befragung zu sozialen Netzwerken aus dem Frühjahr 2011 wurde die Studie außerdem um Fragen der Nutzungsmotivation, der beruflichen und privaten Nutzung, der mobilen Nutzung sowie um Aspekte der Privatsphäre und des Datenschutzes ergänzt.
Für die Studie wurden 1.023 Internetnutzer ab 14 Jahren befragt. Die vollständigen Ergebnisse der zweiten, erweiterten Studie Soziale Netzwerke stehen zum Download zur Verfügung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) -
Literaturhinweis
Job search via social networks: An analysis of monetary and non-monetary returns for low-skilled unemployed (2011)
Zitatform
Krug, Gerhard & Martina Rebien (2011): Job search via social networks. An analysis of monetary and non-monetary returns for low-skilled unemployed. (IAB-Discussion Paper 23/2011), Nürnberg, 26 S.
Abstract
"Ausgehend von einem suchtheoretischen Modell analysieren wir die Effekte des Informationsflusses über soziale Netzwerke auf dem Arbeitsmarkt indem wir monetäre und nicht-monetäre Erträge aus Beschäftigung vergleichen, die über soziale Netzwerke und formale Wege gefunden wurden. Um kausale Effekte zu identifizieren wenden wir Propensity-Score-Matching auf Erhebungsdaten für geringqualifizierte Arbeitslose an. Mit Hilfe von Rosenbaum-Bounds können wir unbeobachtete Heterogenität in der Analyse berücksichtigen. Da der Vergleich nach Methode der Job-Findung irreführend sein kann, untersuchen wir auch den Effekt der reinen Jobsuche über soziale Netzwerke, unabhängig von der Methode der Job-Findung. Die Analyse zeigt keine Effekte sozialer Netzwerke für monetäre Erträge aus Beschäftigung und im besten Fall sehr schwache Hinweise auf kausale Effekte für nichtmonetäre Erträge." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Is internet job search still ineffective? (2011)
Zitatform
Kuhn, Peter & Hani Mansour (2011): Is internet job search still ineffective? (IZA discussion paper 5955), Bonn, 33 S.
Abstract
"While the Internet has been found to reduce trading frictions in a number of other markets, existing research has failed to detect such an effect in the labor market. In this paper, we replicate Kuhn and Skuterud's (2004) study - which found that Internet job search (IJS) was associated with longer unemployment durations in 1998/2000 - using comparable data from a decade later. We find that IJS now appears to be effective: it reduces individual workers' unemployment durations by about 25 percent. This finding is robust to controls for workers' AFQT scores and detailed indicators of Internet access. IJS appears to be most effective in reducing unemployment durations when used to contact friends and relatives, to send out resumes or fill out applications, and also to look at ads. We detect no effect of IJS on wage growth between jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Selbstmarketing: Karriere machen mit XING und Facebook (2011)
Martensen, Malte; Bick, Markus; Börgmann, Kathrin;Zitatform
Martensen, Malte, Kathrin Börgmann & Markus Bick (2011): Selbstmarketing. Karriere machen mit XING und Facebook. In: Zeitschrift Führung und Organisation, Jg. 80, H. 5, S. 292-298.
Abstract
"Die immer stärkere Nutzung internetbasierter sozialer Netzwerke wirft die Frage auf, inwieweit diese zur Karriereförderung genutzt werden, welchen Einfluss sie auf die Arbeitgeber- Arbeitnehmer-Beziehung haben und welchen Stellenwert Bedenken bezüglich der Datensicherheit einnehmen. Hierzu wurde eine empirische Untersuchung in Form einer Online- Befragung durchgeführt, deren Ergebnisse hier vorgestellt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)