Atypische Beschäftigung
Vollzeit, unbefristet und fest angestellt - das typische Normalarbeitsverhältnis ist zwar immer noch die Regel. Doch arbeiten die Erwerbstätigen heute vermehrt auch befristet, in Teilzeit- und Minijobs, in Leiharbeitsverhältnissen oder als Solo-Selbständige. Was sind die Konsequenzen der zunehmenden Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen für die Erwerbstätigen, die Arbeitslosen und die Betriebe? Welche Bedeutung haben sie für die sozialen Sicherungssysteme, das Beschäftigungsniveau und die Durchlässigkeit des Arbeitsmarktes? Die IAB-Infoplattform bietet Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
Job insecurity and well-being in the temporary workforce: testing volition and contract expectations as boundary conditions (2013)
Zitatform
Bernhard-Oettel, Claudia, Thomas Rigotti, Michael Clinton & Jeroen de Jong (2013): Job insecurity and well-being in the temporary workforce. Testing volition and contract expectations as boundary conditions. In: European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Jg. 22, H. 2, S. 203-217. DOI:10.1080/1359432X.2011.647409
Abstract
"This study investigates whether temporary contract volition and workers' expectations for contract renewal are boundary conditions to explain differences in temporary workers' job insecurity feelings and well-being. It is hypothesized that (1) low volition through higher job insecurity indirectly associates with lower well-being and that (2) temporary workers' expectations of contract renewal weakens the links between both low volition and high job insecurity and high job insecurity and impaired well-being. Results based on an international data set of 1755 temporary workers employed in the education, manufacturing, and service sectors supported the first hypothesis and partly also the second. More specifically, low preferences for temporary contracts associated via higher job insecurity with lower job satisfaction, impaired health, and higher irritation. Contract expectations placed a boundary condition upon this indirect relation; however, the negative association between high job insecurity and impaired well-being was not weakened but strengthened. In conclusion, particularly temporary workers with low contract volition and high job insecurity feelings, who have high expectations for contract renewal are at risk for impaired well-being. Hence, this study sheds light onto the question how volition for temporary work and expected contract renewal relate to job insecurity and associate with individual well-being." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fixed-term contracts, economic conjuncture, and training opportunities: a comparative analysis across European labour markets (2013)
Zitatform
Cutuli, Giorgio & Raffaele Guetto (2013): Fixed-term contracts, economic conjuncture, and training opportunities. A comparative analysis across European labour markets. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 29, H. 3, S. 616-629. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcs011
Abstract
"Our work aims to bring together two research fields: the debate concerning different labour market flexibilization strategies and the determinants of training chances. The purpose of our work is therefore to assess the trade-off between temporary employment and training opportunities in a comparative analysis of three groups of countries characterized by different levels of labour market segmentation and training coverage. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the 2008 economic downturn in shaping training opportunities for contingent workers. Our research questions are investigated using three pooled rounds of the European Social Survey (2004, 2006, and 2008). While regression analyses partially confirm the negative effects of fixed-term contracts (FTCs) on training opportunities, a counterfactual analysis shows a retrenchment in training provisions among temporary workers only in strongly segmented labour markets, where FTCs constitute a more homogeneous marginal group, highly stratified in terms of age, gender, unemployment experience, and social class." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Balancing work and family: A panel analysis of the impact of part-time work on the experience of time pressure (2013)
Zitatform
Laurijssen, Ilse & Ignace Glorieux (2013): Balancing work and family: A panel analysis of the impact of part-time work on the experience of time pressure. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 112, H. 1, S. 1-17. DOI:10.1007/s11205-012-0046-4
Abstract
"In this article we consider the consequences of work-family reconciliation, in terms of the extent to which the adjustment of the labour market career to family demands (by women) contributes to a better work-life balance. Using the Flemish SONAR-data, we analyse how changes in work and family conditions between the age of 26 and 29 are related to changes in feelings of time pressure among young working women. More specifically, by using cross-lagged models and synchronous effects panel models, we analyse (1) how family and work conditions affect feelings of time pressure, as well as (2) reverse effects which may point to (working career) adjustment strategies of coping with time pressure. Our results show that of all the considered changes in working conditions following family formation (i.e. having children), only the reduction of working hours seems to improve work-family balance (i.e. reduces the experience of time pressure). Part-time work is both a response to high time pressure, and effectively lowers time pressure. The effect of part-time work is not affected by concomitant changes in the type of paid work, rather, work characteristics that increase time pressure increase the probability of reconciling work with family life by reducing the number of work hours." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of temporary employment and employment protection on labour productivity: evidence from an industry-level panel of EU countries (2013)
Lisi, Domenico;Zitatform
Lisi, Domenico (2013): The impact of temporary employment and employment protection on labour productivity. Evidence from an industry-level panel of EU countries. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 46, H. 2, S. 119-144., 2013-01-01. DOI:10.1007/s12651-013-0127-0
Abstract
"In den letzten Jahren ermöglichten neue, auf Branchenebene verfügbare Daten eine genauere Evaluation des Einflusses der Arbeitsmarktpolitik als frühere ländervergleichende Analysen. In diesem Aufsatz wird ein branchenspezifisches Panel genutzt, um den Einfluss des Kündigungsschutzes auf befristete und unbefristete Arbeitsverhältnisse in den EU-Ländern zu ermitteln. Die Vorteile dieser Datengrundlage sind vielfältig. Die Methode nutzt sowohl die internationale Variation beim Kündigungsschutz für befristete und unbefristete Arbeitsverhältnisse als auch die Variation von Branche zu Branche. Im Unterschied zur bisherigen Literatur wenden wir die Idee der unterschiedlichen Bindungskraft des Kündigungsschutzes nur für unbefristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse an, während wir für befristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse eine andere Strategie anwenden, die eine genauere Identifikation des Effekts unbefristeter Beschäftigungsverhältnisse auf die Arbeitsproduktivität ermöglicht. Die theoretische Literatur erlaubt noch keine klare Vorhersage zum Vorzeichen dieses Effekts, da unterschiedliche überzeugende Gründe für Effekte in beide Richtungen bestehen. Daher haben die Ergebnisse der Analyse möglicherweise wichtige politische Implikationen. Unsere Haupterkenntnis ist, dass befristete Verträge einen negativen, wenn auch sehr geringen Effekt auf die Arbeitsproduktivität haben. Desweiteren bestätigt die Analyse, dass Kündigungsschutz bei regulären Arbeitsverträgen das Wachstum der Arbeitsproduktivität in den Branchen drosselt, die auf eine stärkere Beschäftigungsallokation angewiesen sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Are short-lived jobs stepping stones to long-lasting jobs? (2012)
Zitatform
Cockx, Bart & Matteo Picchio (2012): Are short-lived jobs stepping stones to long-lasting jobs? In: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Jg. 74, H. 5, S. 646-675. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0084.2011.00668.x
Abstract
"This article assesses whether short-lived jobs (lasting one quarter or less and involuntarily ending in unemployment) are stepping stones to long-lasting jobs (enduring 1 year or more) for Belgian long-term unemployed school-leavers. We proceed in two steps. First, we estimate labour market trajectories in a multi-spell duration model that incorporates lagged duration and lagged occurrence dependence. Second, in a simulation we find that (fe)male school-leavers accepting a short-lived job are, within 2 years, 13.4 (9.5) percentage points more likely to find a long-lasting job than in the counterfactual in which they reject short-lived jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Capacities and vulnerabilities in precarious work: the perspective of employees in European low wage work. Synthesis report on employees' experiences and work trajectories for Workpackage 7 of the walqing project (2012)
Hohnen, Pernille;Zitatform
Hohnen, Pernille (2012): Capacities and vulnerabilities in precarious work. The perspective of employees in European low wage work. Synthesis report on employees' experiences and work trajectories for Workpackage 7 of the walqing project. Wien, 174 S.
Abstract
"The report discusses work and life quality in new and growing jobs from an individual perspective. The empirical data on which the analysis is based consists of 22 country reports investigating elderly care, cleaning, catering, waste collection and construction in 11 different countries (4-5 countries per sector, see the matrix table below). Each country report is based on 20-25 individual semi-structured interviews with employees working in the selected sector and business functions.
The report consists of this introduction, five chapters, each focusing on one sector, and a conclusion. The chapters follow the same structure by starting with a brief introduction of the main characteristics of work in the sector. The remaining part of each chapter is organized into four sections. The first concentrates on workers' perceptions of the main quality of work and life issues. Then follows a section on agency, career trajectories and career options. The next section examines vulnerability in work and processes of vulnerabilization in the sector. Finally, the last section discusses workers' aspirations and capacities to aspire, followed by a summary and conclusion. The last concluding chapter discusses cross-sector findings in terms of the impact of new and growing jobs on individual lives, and highlights some trends in the present labour market and their possible implications for vulnerability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Temporary jobs and job search effort in Europe (2012)
Zitatform
Kahn, Lawrence M. (2012): Temporary jobs and job search effort in Europe. In: Labour economics, Jg. 19, H. 1, S. 113-128. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2011.09.001
Abstract
"Using longitudinal data on individuals from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for eleven countries during 1995 - 2001, I investigate temporary job contract duration and job search effort. The countries are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. I construct a search model for workers in temporary jobs which predicts that shorter duration raises search intensity. Calibration of the model to the ECHP data implies that at least 75% of the increase in search intensity over the life of a 2+ year temporary contract occurs in the last six months of the contract. I then estimate regression models for search effort that control for human capital, pay, local unemployment, and individual and time fixed effects. I find that workers on temporary jobs indeed search harder than those on permanent jobs. Moreover, search intensity increases as temporary job duration falls, and roughly 84% of this increase occurs on average in the shortest duration jobs. These results are robust to disaggregation by gender and by country. These empirical results are noteworthy, since it is not necessary to assume myopia or hyperbolic discounting in order to explain them, although the data clearly also do not rule out such explanations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The European world of temporary employment (2012)
Lancker, Wim Van;Zitatform
Lancker, Wim Van (2012): The European world of temporary employment. In: European Societies, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 83-111. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2011.638082
Abstract
"Departing from growing concerns about in-work poverty and the proliferation of flexible employment, we investigate the association between temporary employment and poverty in a European comparative perspective. In doing so, we focus specifically on possible gender dimensions, because some are concerned that the impact of flexible employment on income security will be different for men and women and that gender inequality will increase. By means of a logistic multilevel model, we analyse recent EU-SILC data for 24 European countries. The results show that the temporarily employed have a higher poverty risk vis-à-vis permanent workers, mainly caused by lower wages. However, the risk factors to become working poor are similar. The poorly educated, young workers and those living in a single earner household with dependent children have an increased probability to live in poverty, whether they are employed on temporary or permanent basis. Differences between European welfare regimes demonstrate that policy constellations influence the magnitude of these risk factors. Counter-intuitively, temporary working women have a lower poverty risk than their male counterparts. They are better protected because they are more often secondary earners in a dual earning household, while men are more often primary earners. This article advances knowledge on the linkages between temporary employment, economic insecurity and gender differences in European welfare states." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job attitudes, behaviours and well-being among different types of temporary workers in Europe and Israel (2011)
Gracia, Francisco J.; Ramos, Jose; Caballer, Amparo; Peiró, José María; Sora, Beatriz;Zitatform
Gracia, Francisco J., Jose Ramos, José María Peiró, Amparo Caballer & Beatriz Sora (2011): Job attitudes, behaviours and well-being among different types of temporary workers in Europe and Israel. In: International Labour Review, Jg. 150, H. 3/4, S. 235-254. DOI:10.1111/j.1564-913X.2011.00115.x
Abstract
"Applying an innovative typology based on preference for temporary employment and perceived employability, the authors empirically examine four types of temporary workers (and a group of permanent workers for comparison). In a sample of 1,300 employees from six countries, they find significant differences between the four types on a broad set of variables - including demographic and job characteristics, attitude and insecurity - but not in life satisfaction and well-being. They conclude with an argument against the equation of temporary employment with low-skilled workers unable to find a permanent job, stressing the valuable implications of more sensitive research for policy-making on flexicurity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment contracts, psychological contracts, and employee well-being: an international study (2010)
Zitatform
Guest, David E., Kerstin Isaksson & Hans De Witte (Hrsg.) (2010): Employment contracts, psychological contracts, and employee well-being. An international study. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 327 S.
Abstract
"Temporary employment has become a focus of policy debate, theory, and research. The book addresses as its core concern the relationship between temporary employment contracts and employee well-being. It does so within the analytic framework of the psychological contract, and advances theory and knowledge about the psychological contract by exploring it from a variety of perspectives. It also sets the psychological contract within the context of a range of other potential influences on work-related well-being including workload, job insecurity, employability, and organizational support. A key aim of the book is to identify the relative importance of these various potential influences on well-being.
The book covers seven countries; Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the UK, as well as Israel as a comparator outside Europe. Data were collected from over 5,000 workers in over 200 organizations; and from both permanent and temporary workers as well as from employers.
The book's conclusions are interesting and controversial. The central finding is that contrary to expectations, temporary workers report higher well-being than permanent workers. As expected, a range of factors help to explain variations in work-related well-being and the research highlights the important role of the psychological contract. However, even after taking into account alternative explanations, the significant influence of type of employment contract remains, with temporary workers reporting higher well-being. In addition to this core finding, by exploring several aspects of the psychological contract, and taking into account both employer and employee perspectives, the book sheds new light on the nature and role of the psychological contract. It also raises some challenging policy questions and while acknowledging the potentially precarious nature of temporary jobs, highlights the need to consider the increasingly demanding nature of permanent jobs and their effects on the well-being of employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Motives for accepting temporary employment: a typology (2009)
Zitatform
Jong, Jeroen de, Nele de Cuyper, Hans de Witte, Inmaculada Silla & Claudia Bernhard-Oettel (2009): Motives for accepting temporary employment. A typology. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 30, H. 3, S. 237-252. DOI:10.1108/01437720910956745
Abstract
"This paper aims to offer a typology of temporary workers, based on their motives for accepting their work arrangement, which includes voluntary, involuntary and stepping-stone motives, and relate this typology to various individual and work-related variables. Latent class analysis of 645 European workers was used to construct a typology of temporary workers. Variation of individual and work-related variables between types of temporary workers was analyzed using ANOVA. The analyses suggest that there are three types of workers: involuntary temporary workers highlight the involuntary motive and the stepping-stone motive; the stepping-stone type stresses the stepping-stone motive only, and the non-involuntary group disagrees with all three motives. Moreover, the groups differed significantly on important work-related variables such as occupational position, tenure, employability, and work-involvement. However, differences in individual variables were limited. The research puts forward a more complex typology of temporary workers than is usually suggested. Moreover, the study shows a non-involuntary group for which temporary employment can become a trap, and hence these workers should be targeted by future policy and interventions. The research offers a typology of temporary workers, which is founded on motivation theory, and existing research on motives for accepting temporary employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Volition and reasons for accepting temporary employment: associations with attitudes, well-being, and behavioural intentions (2008)
Cuyper, Nele de; Witte, Hans de;Zitatform
Cuyper, Nele de & Hans de Witte (2008): Volition and reasons for accepting temporary employment. Associations with attitudes, well-being, and behavioural intentions. In: European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Jg. 17, H. 3, S. 363-387. DOI:10.1080/13594320701810373
Abstract
"The aim of this study was (1) to investigate volition and reasons for accepting temporary employment in relation to various outcomes (job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment, life satisfaction, and turnover intention), and (2) to test whether volition and reasons for accepting temporary employment may assist in explaining differences between temporary and permanent workers. Volition reflects the workers' preference for temporary jobs. Reasons for accepting temporary employment relate to free choice, forced choice, and instrumental choice with the view of gaining permanent employment or improving skills. Analyses were based on a sample of 623 Belgian workers from various organizations. The most striking findings were that volition and free choice reasons did not consistently associate with favourable outcomes, and that the relationship between forced choice and instrumental reasons related to skill improvement and outcomes was nonsignificant. By way of contrast, stepping stone reasons were related to job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment, and turnover intention. Also, we established that volition and reasons for accepting temporary employment may have little potential to improve predictions on differences between temporary and permanent workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Familienunterstützende Dienstleistungen: internationale Benchmarking-Studie (2008)
Eichhorst, Werner; Tobsch, Verena;Zitatform
Eichhorst, Werner & Verena Tobsch (2008): Familienunterstützende Dienstleistungen. Internationale Benchmarking-Studie. (IZA research report 17), Bonn, 47 S.
Abstract
Das Gutachten untersucht die Entwicklung familienunterstützender Dienstleistungen in der Europäischen Union, vor allem in Schweden, Dänemark, Belgien und Frankreich, und zieht Schlussfolgerungen für die Gestaltung der Rahmenbedingungen in Deutschland. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Entwicklung eines Marktes für Dienstleistungen außerhalb bzw. in Ergänzung der öffentlich bereitgestellten Infrastruktur für Kinderbetreuung oder Kranken- und Altenpflege. Unter familienunterstützenden Dienstleistungen sind dabei all diejenigen Tätigkeiten zu verstehen, die von Nicht-Haushaltsmitgliedern gegen Entgelt in privaten Haushalten erbracht werden und die prinzipiell auch von den Nutzern selbst unentgeltlich erbracht werden könnten bzw. traditionell in Eigenarbeit erbracht werden. Die Studie zeigt, dass im Vergleich zu den anderen Ländern in Deutschland - neben der Schattenwirtschaft - das Modell der Minijobs in Privathaushalten vorherrscht, also die direkte Beschäftigung beim Nutzer. Im Ländervergleich besteht in Deutschland nach wie vor Nachholbedarf bei der Entwicklung des Marktes für familienunterstützende Dienstleistungen. Fortschritte lassen sich nach Meinung der Autoren nur über kostenseitige Entlastungen sowie ein einfach zu nutzendes Gutschein- oder Scheckmodell erzielen. Organisatorisch kann dies mit privaten Firmen oder Dienstleistungsagenturen verbunden werden. Familienunterstützende Dienstleistungen bieten sich hier auch als Baustein einer Aktivierungsstrategie für Transferbezieher an. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Is temporary employment a stepping stone for unemployed school leavers? (2008)
Zitatform
Göbel, Christian & Elsy Verhofstadt (2008): Is temporary employment a stepping stone for unemployed school leavers? (ZEW discussion paper 2008-093), Mannheim, 38 S.
Abstract
"Many school-leavers enter the labour market via temporary employment. In this paper we investigate the impact of a temporary employment spell at the start of the career on the transition rate into permanent employment. We compare the case of temporary employment to the hypothetical case of a direct transition from unemployment to permanent employment. In order to control for selective participation in temporary employment we include a large set of explanatory variables which have been especially collected to study school-leavers. We apply the AIC-information criterion to select the appropriate specification for unobserved heterogeneity. Based on the information criteria we conclude that given our data, there is no support for a model with selection in unobserved characteristics. Simulation exercises provide insights into the development of the effect of temporary employment over time. For a sample of unemployed Flemish school-leavers we find that in the short run temporary employment delays the school leaver's transition to permanent employment. However, in the long run temporary employment acts as a stepping stone and decreases the duration until permanent employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Job insecurity in temporary versus permanent workers: associations with attitudes, well-being, and behaviour (2007)
Cuyper, Nele de; Witte, Hans de;Zitatform
Cuyper, Nele de & Hans de Witte (2007): Job insecurity in temporary versus permanent workers. Associations with attitudes, well-being, and behaviour. In: Work and Stress, Jg. 21, H. 1, S. 65-84. DOI:10.1080/02678370701229050
Abstract
"Recent research suggests that the relationship between job insecurity and psychological outcomes is more negative among permanent compared with temporary workers. We investigate possible interaction effects between job insecurity and type of contract (temporary versus permanent) for various psychological outcomes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, life satisfaction, and self-rated performance), some of which have received little attention. We aim to explain these interaction effects, while taking into account the heterogeneous nature of temporary workers in terms of tenure, employment prospects, and wish to do temporary employment. We argue that permanent workers expect higher levels of job security; job insecurity breaches permanent workers' but not temporary workers' expectations. This may relate to unfavourable outcomes. Similarly, the heterogeneous nature of temporary workers may relate to job security expectations and thus to reactions to job insecurity. This study was conducted on a sample of 477 temporary and permanent workers from various occupational sectors in Belgium. The results suggested that the interaction effect between job insecurity and contract type may be limited to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Furthermore, permanent workers had higher expectations about job security. Breach of these expectations furthermore mediated the relationship between job insecurity and all outcomes, except for self-rated performance. However, the heterogeneity indicators were found to be unrelated to job security expectations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The part-time wage penalty in European countries: how large is it for men? (2007)
Zitatform
O'Dorchai, Sile, Robert Plasman & François Rycx (2007): The part-time wage penalty in European countries. How large is it for men? (IZA discussion paper 2591), Bonn, 34 S.
Abstract
"Economic theory advances a number of reasons for the existence of a wage gap between part-time and full-time workers. Empirical work has concentrated on the wage effects of part-time work for women. For men, much less empirical evidence exists, mainly because of lacking data. In this paper, we take advantage of access to unique harmonised matched employer-employee data (i.e. the 1995 European Structure of Earnings Survey) to investigate the magnitude and sources of the part-time wage penalty for male workers in six European countries (i.e. Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and the UK). Findings show that the raw gap in hourly gross pay amounts to 16 per cent of male part-timer's wage in Spain, to 24 per cent in Belgium, to 28 per cent in Denmark and Italy, to 67 per cent in the UK and to 149 per cent in Ireland. Human capital differences explain between 31 per cent of the observed wage gap in the UK and 71 per cent in Denmark. When a larger set of control variables is taken into account (including occupation, industry, firm size, and level of wage bargaining), a much smaller part of the gap remains unexplained by differences in observed characteristics (except in Italy). Overall, results suggest that policy initiatives to promote lifelong learning and training are of great importance to help part-timers catch up. Moreover, except for Italy, they point to a persisting problem of occupational and sectoral segregation between men working part-time and full-time which requires renewed policy attention." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary employment and employability: training opportunities and efforts of temporary and permanent employees in Belgium (2003)
Forrier, Anneleen; Sels, Luc;Zitatform
Forrier, Anneleen & Luc Sels (2003): Temporary employment and employability. Training opportunities and efforts of temporary and permanent employees in Belgium. In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 17, H. 4, S. 641-666.
Abstract
"Lifetime employability is often put forward as an alternative to lifetime employment with the same employer: At first sight, temporary employment relations and employability is less dramatic when it is linked to a higher employability. Opponents, however, claim that temporary employment and employability are at odds. They argue that both employers and temporary employees may be faced with dilemmas relating to the enhancement of employability through training. In this article, we deal with this question. We study the training efforts of temporary and permanent employees as well as the training opportunities offered by their respective employers. Moreover, we differentiate between different groups of temporary employees. We study this in the Belgian institutional setting.The results indicate that, although temps to largely take responsibility for their own training, they get fewer opportunities to enhance their employability than do permanent employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Quasi-employee, quasi-self-employees: more than just a name - the case of the Netherlands and Belgium (2000)
Jaspers, Teun;Zitatform
Jaspers, Teun (2000): Quasi-employee, quasi-self-employees. More than just a name - the case of the Netherlands and Belgium. In: Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Arbeits- und Sozialrecht, Jg. 14, H. 3, S. 233-249.
Abstract
Der Artikel beinhaltet einen Vortrag der 27. Tagung der Gesellschaft für Rechtsvergleichung in Freiburg am 24.5.99 zum Thema arbeitnehmerähnliche Personen und Scheinselbständige in den Niederlanden und Belgien. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
Betriebliche Erfahrungen mit atypischen Arbeitsformen: Ergebnisse einer Repräsentativerhebung in acht europäischen Ländern (1993)
Bielenski, Harald;Zitatform
Bielenski, Harald (1993): Betriebliche Erfahrungen mit atypischen Arbeitsformen. Ergebnisse einer Repräsentativerhebung in acht europäischen Ländern. In: Mitteilungen aus der Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, Jg. 26, H. 3, S. 375-385.
Abstract
Um empirisch fundierte Aussagen zu den Entwicklungspotentialen von vier ausgewählten atypischen Arbeitsformen machen zu können, wurde 1989/90 eine international angelegte Repräsentativbefragung durchgeführt. Befragt wurden Manager und - soweit vorhanden - Arbeitnehmervertreter in 3520 privatwirtschaftlichen Betrieben aus acht europäischen Ländern. Ziel der Untersuchung war es herauszufinden, in welchem Ausmaß atypische Arbeitsformen in den Betrieben angewendet werden und wie Manager und Arbeitnehmervertreter aufgrund ihrer Erfahrungen Teilzeitarbeit, befristete Arbeitsverträge, Samstags- und Abendarbeit bewerten. Der internationale Vergleich zeigt, daß die Verbreitung und Bewertung insbesondere von befristeten Arbeitsverträgen und Teilzeitarbeit stark von den jeweiligen rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen abhängt. Dies bedeutet, daß es in relativ breitem Umfang möglich ist, durch politische Maßnahmen - insbesondere durch eine entsprechende Ausgestaltung des Arbeits- und Sozialrechts - die Attraktivität und damit auch die Verbreitung dieser atypischen Arbeitsformen zu fördern oder zu bremsen. Entwicklungschancen werden vor allem bei der Teilzeitarbeit gesehen. Sowohl seitens der Arbeitgeber als auch seitens der Arbeitnehmer besteht ein großes und bei weitem noch nicht ausgeschöpftes Interesse an dieser Arbeitsform. Für beide Seiten kann Teilzeitarbeit große Vorteile mit sich bringen. Die gegenwärtige Praxis ist allerdings durch die Tatsache geprägt, daß zumindest teilweise Arbeitgeberinteressen auf Kosten der Arbeitnehmer durchgesetzt werden. Bei befristeten Arbeitsverträgen sowie bei Samstags- und Abendarbeit decken sich dagegen die Interessen von Arbeitgebern und Arbeitnehmern nur in Ausnahmefällen. Einer stärkeren Verbreitung dieser atypischen Arbeitsformen dürften daher auf Dauer relativ enge Grenzen gesetzt sein. (IAB)
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- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht