Atypische Beschäftigung
Vollzeit, unbefristet und fest angestellt - das typische Normalarbeitsverhältnis ist zwar immer noch die Regel. Doch arbeiten die Erwerbstätigen heute vermehrt auch befristet, in Teilzeit- und Minijobs, in Leiharbeitsverhältnissen oder als Solo-Selbständige. Was sind die Konsequenzen der zunehmenden Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen für die Erwerbstätigen, die Arbeitslosen und die Betriebe? Welche Bedeutung haben sie für die sozialen Sicherungssysteme, das Beschäftigungsniveau und die Durchlässigkeit des Arbeitsmarktes? Die IAB-Infoplattform bietet Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
-
Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
-
Literaturhinweis
Interlocking Complementarities Between Job Design And Labour Contracts (2021)
Zitatform
Cattani, Luca, Stefano Dughera & Fabio Landini (2021): Interlocking Complementarities Between Job Design And Labour Contracts. (Working paper series / Dipartimento economia e statistica "Cognetti de Martiis" 2021,14), Torino, 44 S.
Abstract
"The drivers of large within-industry heterogeneity in the use of non-standard employment are still poorly understood. Specifically, there is little evidence on how firm-specific factors related to the organization of work affect the diversity of hiring decisions. This paper contributes to this line of research by studying the existence of interlocking complementarities between job design and labour contract at the firm level. Using a formal model, we show that firms face two organizational equilibria: one in which job designs with high routine task intensity are matched with a large use of non-standard contracts; and the other in which low routine task intensity combines with a small use of non-standard contracts. These complementarities exist because while non-standard contracts allow firm to adjust to external shocks, they also provide little incentive to invest in firm-specific knowledge. Since the cost associated with the lack of such knowledge is lower (higher) in firms with high (low) routine task intensity, they are also more (less) likely to use this type of contracts. We test the predictions of our model using linked-employer-employee data from the Emilia-Romagna region. We build an index of firm's routine task intensity by matching information from INAPP data at the occupation level. The empirical evidence is consistent with our theory: the use of non-standard contracts is positively associated with routine task intensity at the firm level. This result holds controlling for a wide range of firm-specific and contextual covariates and it is robust to alternative estimation methods (OLS, panel and IV). The related managerial and policy implications are discussed." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Minijobs in Kleinbetrieben: Sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung wird verdrängt (2021)
Zitatform
Collischon, Matthias, Kamila Cygan-Rehm & Regina T. Riphahn (2021): Minijobs in Kleinbetrieben: Sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung wird verdrängt. In: IAB-Forum H. 20.10.2021 Nürnberg, 2021-10-18.
Abstract
"Minijobs sind ein umstrittenes Instrument deutscher Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Einer aktuellen Studie zufolge verdrängen sie allein in kleinen Betrieben bis zu 500.000 sozialversicherungspflichtige Stellen. Anders als erhofft, bilden sie zudem nur selten eine Brücke in sozialversicherungspflichtige Beschäftigung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
When two (or more) do not equal one: an analysis of the changing nature of multiple and single jobholding in Europe (2021)
Conen, Wieteke; de Beer, Paul;Zitatform
Conen, Wieteke & Paul de Beer (2021): When two (or more) do not equal one: an analysis of the changing nature of multiple and single jobholding in Europe. In: Transfer, Jg. 27, H. 2, S. 165-180. DOI:10.1177/10242589211002630
Abstract
"Ausmaß und Struktur multipler Arbeitsverhältnisse und ihre Konsequenzen für Menschen in Mehrfachbeschäftigung ändern sich in zahlreichen westlichen Volkswirtschaften. Zurzeit stehen nur begrenzte quantitative empirische Erkenntnisse über die sich ändernden Merkmale multipler Arbeitsverhältnisse und über die Frage zur Verfügung, ob sich die ökonomisch prekäre Lage von Menschen im Laufe der Zeit geändert hat. In dem vorliegenden Artikel befassen wir uns in erster Linie mit der Situation von Menschen in Mehrfachbeschäftigung und den für sie geltenden Trends im Vergleich zum „klassischen” Arbeitnehmer oder Arbeitnehmerin in Europa mit nur einem Arbeitsplatz. Dazu untersuchen wir die Arbeitszeiten und gehen außerdem den Fragen nach, ob Arbeitnehmer:innen gern längere Arbeitszeiten hätten und ob sie trotz ihrer Beschäftigung von Armut bedroht sind. Zu diesem Zweck untersuchen wir Daten, die seit Anfang der 2000er Jahre im Rahmen der EU-Arbeitskräfteerhebung und der EU-Statistik über Einkommen und Lebensbedingungen erfasst wurden. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass multiple Arbeitsverhältnisse ein signifikantes und um sich greifendes Phänomen in den Arbeitsmärkten zahlreicher hoch entwickelter Volkswirtschaften sind, wobei sich die Merkmale ständig ändern. Das gilt zum Beispiel für die geschlechtsspezifische Verteilung und Kombination dieser Arbeitsverträge. Die Armutsgefährdung von Erwerbstätigen ist in atypischen Arbeitsverhältnissen relativ hoch, aber die Ergebnisse belegen keinen negativen Trend. Armut trotz Erwerbstätigkeit scheint bei Single-Arbeitnehmer:innen und Arbeitnehmer:innen in atypischen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen zuzunehmen, dies gilt sowohl für Beschäftigte mit nur einem Job als auch für Mehrfachbeschäftigte." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Precariousness in Norway and Sweden: a comparative register-based study of longstanding precarious attachment to the labour market 1996–2015 (2021)
Zitatform
Gauffin, Karl, Kristian Heggebø & Jon Ivar Elstad (2021): Precariousness in Norway and Sweden: a comparative register-based study of longstanding precarious attachment to the labour market 1996–2015. In: European Societies, Jg. 23, H. 3, S. 379-402. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2021.1882685
Abstract
"Precariousness in working life is a rising concern in Europe, but scant statistical evidence exists as to the prevalence and development of longstanding precarious employment. Using high-quality individual-level population-wide register data across several decades, this study addresses this issue in Norway and Sweden. Longstanding precarious attachment to the labour market was defined as low/marginal work income during eight years, with frequent substantial income drops and/or reliance on income maintenance schemes. In the core working-age population, 15.3 percent in Norway and 20.0 percent in Sweden had this employment attachment during 1996–2003. Women, low educated, and foreign-born were at higher risk. Contrary to expectations, in 2008–2015, longstanding precarious attachment had declined to 12.7 percent in Norway and 14.5 percent in Sweden. Women in particular, but also immigrants, had attained stronger labour market attachment in the latter period. These results could indicate that key welfare state elements such as trade union strength, strong employment protection and active labour market policies have been successful in shielding workers from negative labour market developments. However, certain population categories with particularly high risk of precarious employment, such as young adults and short-term and undocumented immigrants, have not been analysed by this study" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Work and Labour Relations in Global Platform Capitalism (2021)
Haidar, Julieta; Keune, Miska;Zitatform
Haidar, Julieta & Miska Keune (Hrsg.) (2021): Work and Labour Relations in Global Platform Capitalism. (ILERA Publication series), Cheltenham: Elgar, 288 S. DOI:10.4337/9781802205138
Abstract
"This engaging and timely book provides an in-depth analysis of work and labour relations within global platform capitalism with a specific focus on digital platforms that organise labour processes, known as labour platforms. Well-respected contributors thoroughly examine both online and offline platforms, their distinct differences and the important roles they play for both large transnational companies and those with a smaller global reach." (Author's abstract, © Edward Elgar Publishing) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt in der Covid-19-Pandemie: Stellungnahme des IAB zur Anhörung beim Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung am 22.9.2021 (2021)
Zitatform
Hutter, Christian, Elke Jahn, Michael Oberfichtner & Enzo Weber (2021): Der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt in der Covid-19-Pandemie. Stellungnahme des IAB zur Anhörung beim Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung am 22.9.2021. (IAB-Stellungnahme 08/2021), Nürnberg, 9 S.
Abstract
"Zur Vorbereitung des Jahresgutachtens 2021/2022 des Sachverständigenrats zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung wurde das IAB um seine Expertise zur Entwicklung des deutschen Arbeitsmarkts in Zusammenhang mit der Covid-19-Pandemie und zu unterstützenden Maßnahmen für Neueinstellungen und zur besseren Absicherung von Selbstständigen gebeten. Die Erkenntnisse, die das IAB im Herbst 2021 hierzu vorgelegt hat, werden in der vorliegenden Stellungnahme zusammengefasst." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
-
Literaturhinweis
Precarious but popular? The German mini-job scheme in comparative research on work and welfare (2021)
Konle-Seidl, Regina;Zitatform
Konle-Seidl, Regina (2021): Precarious but popular? The German mini-job scheme in comparative research on work and welfare. In: Journal of international and comparative social policy, Jg. 37, H. 3, S. 293-306., 2021-10-14. DOI:10.1017/ics.2021.11
Abstract
"This review paper critically examines a range of analytical frameworks used to analyse the German mini-job scheme in comparative research on work and welfare. The approaches examined include labour market dualisation in comparative political economy research and welfare-to-work policies in comparative social policy research. The paper claims that using stylized facts instead of a thorough understanding of the broader context of national employment and social systems leads to misinterpretations in terms of policy learning. By describing the institutional context and main drivers of the evolution of mini-jobs over time, based on variety of data sources, statistics and empirical studies, the paper addresses the critical role of this specific employment scheme for gender equality, largely ignored in the comparative literature." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Konle-Seidl, Regina; -
Literaturhinweis
Raus aus der Minijobfalle: Reformen zur Entlastung geringer Einkommen und ihre Auswirkungen auf Beschäftigung, Wachstum und Verteilung sowie die öffentlichen Finanzen (2021)
Krebs, Tom; Scheffel, Martin;Zitatform
Krebs, Tom & Martin Scheffel (2021): Raus aus der Minijobfalle. Reformen zur Entlastung geringer Einkommen und ihre Auswirkungen auf Beschäftigung, Wachstum und Verteilung sowie die öffentlichen Finanzen. Gütersloh, 42 S. DOI:10.11586/2021054
Abstract
"Die Studie "Raus aus der Minijobfalle. Reformen zur Entlastung geringer Einkommen und ihre Auswirkungen auf Beschäftigung, Wachstum und Verteilung sowie öffentliche Finanzen" berechnet die volkswirtschaftlichen Effekte der aktuell geltenden "Midijobgleitzone" sowie die Abschaffung des Sonderstatus des Minijobs und einer Ausweitung der Gleitzone auf 1.300 und 1.800 Euro. Dazu verwenden die Autoren, Tom Krebs und Martin Scheffel, ein mikroökonomisch fundiertes Makromodell der deutschen Volkswirtschaft. Durch die Entlastung in diesem Bereich steigen die Arbeitsanreize und somit auch Beschäftigung und Wachstum insgesamt. Darüber hinaus trägt die Entlastung der Bruttoeinkommen durch die Absenkung von Sozialversicherungsabgaben zur Reduktion von Ungleichheit bei."
Weiterführende Informationen
Fact Sheet -
Literaturhinweis
"Good" Bad Jobs? The Evolution of Migrant Low-Wage Employment in Germany (1985-2015) (2021)
Krings, Torben;Zitatform
Krings, Torben (2021): "Good" Bad Jobs? The Evolution of Migrant Low-Wage Employment in Germany (1985-2015). In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 35, H. 3, S. 527-544. DOI:10.1177/0950017020946567
Abstract
"The article examines the evolution of migrant low-wage employment in the context of structural changes in the German labour market. By drawing on data from the Socio-Economic-Panel, it seeks to answer why low-wage jobs disproportionally rose among migrants since the late 1980s. It argues that while human capital characteristics mattered to some extent, institutional and organisational changes were more important to account for worsening earnings. When linking the findings to the broader debate about migration and labour market segmentation, several issues emerge. First, the extent of low-wage jobs is not fixed but shaped by historically specific segmentation patterns that may change over time. Second, whether less-skilled jobs are precarious and of low pay depend above all on the presence of inclusive labour market institutions and power relations between actors. Third, the growth of low-wage jobs cannot be considered independent of the available labour supply, including a rise in cross-border mobility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Negotiating the different degrees of precarity in the UK academia during the Covid-19 pandemic (2021)
Zitatform
Kınıkoğlu, Canan Neşe & Aysegul Can (2021): Negotiating the different degrees of precarity in the UK academia during the Covid-19 pandemic. In: European Societies, Jg. 23, H. sup1, S. S817-S830. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2020.1839670
Abstract
"This study explores how early career academics negotiate precarity in the higher education sector in the United Kingdom under the amplified uncertainties brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our preliminary findings based on the semi-structured interviews with nine early career academics (six women and three men) shed light on varying experiences of early career academic precarity with regard to working and life routines, and their participation in the job market. We argue that early career academics’ gender, employment status, and their university affiliations influence the degree to which they are able to instrumentalise and negotiate precarity during the pandemic in the UK." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
'Stuck' in nonstandard schedules? Married couples' nonstandard work schedules over the life course (2021)
Leupp, Katrina; Brines, Julie; Kornrich, Sabino;Zitatform
Leupp, Katrina, Sabino Kornrich & Julie Brines (2021): 'Stuck' in nonstandard schedules? Married couples' nonstandard work schedules over the life course. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 24, H. 1, S. 20-38. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2019.1619517
Abstract
"Though employment outside of regular daytime business hours has remained high since the 1990s, trends in nonstandard employment schedules over the life course and across households remain under-examined. The consequences of nonstandard scheduling extend to workers, their spouse, and children, urging greater attention to the distribution of nonstandard schedules at the couple-level. Using all three waves of the National Survey of Families and Households, this article examines the prevalence, persistence and sociodemographic patterns of rotating and night employment at the couple-level, following 913 married couples in the United States as they aged from the late 1980s to early 2000s. Though aging reduced the likelihood that couples had one or both spouses working nonstandard hours, roughly one-third of couples with nonstandard scheduling continued to experience nonstandard schedules during the subsequent observation period. Nonstandard schedules were stratified by education and race/ethnicity. This stratification persisted as couples aged, even after controlling for prior work schedules. Findings suggest that disadvantaged couples remain disproportionately exposed to schedules associated with negative outcomes for family well-being across the life course." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Breaking up the 'precariat': Personalisation, differentiation and deindividuation in precarious work groups (2021)
Zitatform
Manolchev, Constantine, Richard Saundry & Duncan Lewis (2021): Breaking up the 'precariat': Personalisation, differentiation and deindividuation in precarious work groups. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 42, H. 3, S. 828-851. DOI:10.1177/0143831X18814625
Abstract
"Much-debated and researched, the subject of precarious work remains at the forefront of academic and policy discourses. A development of current interest is the reported growth of employment flexibility and increase in non-standard and atypical work, regarded by some as contributing to the emergence of a class-like 'precariat' of insecure and marginalised workers. However, this precariat framework remain largely untested and underexplored. Using in-depth narratives from 77 semi-structured interviews with workers from groups within the precariat spectrum, in this article the authors address this gap. The study finds that cohesion within and between these groups is overstated, and worker collectivisation far from apparent. As a result, this diversity of group dynamics, attitudes and experiences challenges not only negative conceptualisations of the precariat in the literature, but the theoretical validity of the precariat framework itself." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Commercial airline pilots' declining professional standing and increasing precarious employment (2021)
Zitatform
Maxwell, G. A. & K. Grant (2021): Commercial airline pilots' declining professional standing and increasing precarious employment. In: The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Jg. 32, H. 7, S. 1486-1508. DOI:10.1080/09585192.2018.1528473
Abstract
"With the advent of low-cost employment systems for pilots in commercial airlines, we address two questions: What are experienced UK-based, commercial airline pilots’ perspectives on their current professional standing? What are their perspectives on current precarious employment in commercial airline piloting? Analysis of qualitative data from 28 pilots in commercial, passenger carrying airlines reveals declining professional standing and increasing precarious employment, alongside enduring aspects of professionalism. The corollary is that precarious professional employment is an emerging, pervasive type of low-cost employment system in the studied context. In terms of theoretical implications, our study highlights the need for exactness in understanding the complexities of declining professional standing and increasingly precarious employment. Our analysis offers an exact term, pilot-cariat, to encapsulate contemporary, UK-based and experienced commercial airline pilot employment. Further research may reveal more of what we call cariats in other occupations with responsibility for lives in similarly cost constrained and management agency contexts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
The consequences of non-standard working and marital biographies for old age income in Europe: Contrasting the individual and the household perspective (2021)
Zitatform
Möhring, Katja (2021): The consequences of non-standard working and marital biographies for old age income in Europe. Contrasting the individual and the household perspective. In: Social Policy and Administration, Jg. 55, H. 3, S. 456-484. DOI:10.1111/spol.12720
Abstract
"The article addresses the question of how individuals with non-standard work or family histories fare under different national pension systems in terms of their individual and household income in old age. It provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship of life course with later life individual and household income, and thereby goes beyond previous research that either focuses on one or the other. Life history data for 12 European countries of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) are used to examine old age individual and household income of individuals (a) with non-standard working histories (e.g., non-standard employment or unemployment), (b) with family instabilities (e.g., divorce or single parenthood). The results show that non-employment and low-status employment are old age income risks for both genders. Having children represents a burden for household income and for women's individual income only if associated with employment interruptions. Cross-national variation is stronger for the relationship of old age income with the employment history than with the fertility history. Especially Beveridge-plus countries that provide unconditional basic pension schemes mitigate previous life course inequality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Fighting precarious work with institutional power: Union inclusion and its limits across spheres of action (2021)
Zitatform
O'Brady, Sean (2021): Fighting precarious work with institutional power: Union inclusion and its limits across spheres of action. In: BJIR, Jg. 59, H. 4, S. 1084-1107. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12596
Abstract
"Research shows that union inclusion is critical to resisting precariousness, yet the role of institutional power is not adequately addressed. Through an investigation of eight retailers in four countries, this study uniquely examines how inclusive union strategies, cost competition and institutional power interact in different ‘spheres of action’. In the product market sphere, unions struggle to prevent labour cost competition between firms from eroding working conditions. In the production sphere, unions struggle to prevent labour cost competition between workers in a single firm from eroding working conditions. This article finds that multi‐level sources of institutional power are a precursor to effective union inclusion and articulating action towards threats from cost competition. I thereby argue that union efforts to resist precarious work are contingent on access to power from institutions. The article concludes with reflections on how institutional power relates to other forms of power." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Drivers of Youth Labour Market Integration Across European Regions (2021)
Zitatform
Padrosa, Eva, Mireia Bolíbar, Mireia Julià & Joan Benach (2021): Drivers of Youth Labour Market Integration Across European Regions. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 154, H. 3, S. 893-915. DOI:10.1007/s11205-020-02539-w
Abstract
"Comparing precarious employment (PE) across countries is essential to deepen the understanding of the phenomenon and to learn from country-specific experiences. However, this is hampered by the lack of internationally meaningful measures of PE. We aim to address this point by assessing the measurement invariance (MI) of the Employment Precariousness Scale for Europe (EPRES-E), an adaptation of the EPRES construct in the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS). EPRES-E consists of 13 proxy-indicators sorted into six dimensions: temporariness, disempowerment, vulnerability, wages, exercise of rights, unpredictable working times. Drawing on EWCS-2015, MI of the second-order factor model was tested in a sample of 31,340 formal employees by means of (a) multi-group confirmatory factor analyses, and (b) the substantive exploration of EPRES-E mean scores in each country. The results demonstrate that threshold invariance holds for the first-order structure (dimensions) of 22 countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK), but only metric invariance is attained by the second-order structure. The latter is supported by the exploration of mean scores, where we found that different score patterns in each dimension lead to similar overall EPRES-E scores, suggesting that PE is configured by different sources within the six dimensions in each country according to their broader socio-political trajectories. We conclude that, although EPRES-E can be used for comparative purposes in 22 European countries, the scores of each dimension must be reported alongside the overall EPRES-E score." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Inhabiting the Self-Work Romantic Utopia: Positive Psychology, Life Coaching, and the Challenge of Self-Fulfillment at Work (2021)
Zitatform
Pagis, Michal (2021): Inhabiting the Self-Work Romantic Utopia: Positive Psychology, Life Coaching, and the Challenge of Self-Fulfillment at Work. In: Work and occupations, Jg. 48, H. 1, S. 40-69. DOI:10.1177/0730888420911683
Abstract
"Much has been said about the rise of work as a central identity marker in modern society. With the recent popularization of self-help and positive psychology, this identity marker broadened its signification to include new emotional needs such as love and passion, creating a new cultural imaginary: the “self-work romantic utopia.” Sociological studies have criticized this utopia as a myth that serves capitalist neoliberal structures, leading to frustration and self-blame. However, little is known about how workers themselves confront this myth and the strategies they employ when attempting to inhabit it in today’s precarious job market. Based on 60 in-depth interviews with upper-middle class Israeli workers who hired life coaches to improve their work experience, the author identifies five strategies used to inhabit this romantic utopia: starting over, healing, idealization, polygamy, and vision. Through the analysis of these strategies, the author illustrates how even the relatively privileged workers need to adapt the self-work romantic utopia to their life circumstances, inhabiting the myth in partial degrees. Such flexible implementation turns the “myth” into a cultural tool that directs workers’ lives and actions even in a precarious, unstable job market, maintaining subjective experiences of agency in a sphere characterized by growing structural constraints. Yet paradoxically, these strategies eventually strengthen the precarious, noncommitted, and individual-oriented structure of the job market, yielding flexible, individualistic solutions that replace workplace responsibility." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Don't Work for Free: Online Discursive Resistance to Precarity in Commercial Photography (2021)
Zitatform
Patrick-Thomson, Holly & Michael Kranert (2021): Don't Work for Free: Online Discursive Resistance to Precarity in Commercial Photography. In: Work, Employment and Society, Jg. 35, H. 6, S. 1034-1052. DOI:10.1177/0950017020952630
Abstract
"While increasing academic attention has been paid to the precariousness of contemporary work, less research has examined how workers organise in response. This article examines how a group of precarious workers – commercial photographers – use an online forum to resist changes to their working conditions. Our findings illustrate how the forum enables photographers to share knowledge, debate rules and organise collectively. We discuss two implications: firstly that the forum performs many of the functions of a professional association, and so gives us a new insight into how traditional forms of worker organisation may be translated in the digital realm; and secondly, that the form of collective resistance produced by the group may constitute a move beyond existing understandings of online resistance as relatively ineffectual. Our work contributes a new perspective on how precarity is reshaping workers’ collective organisation and resistance mechanisms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
Employers' Willingness to Invest in the Training of Temporary Workers: A Discrete Choice Experiment (2021)
Zitatform
Poulissen, Davey, Andries de Grip, Didier Fouarge & Annemarie Künn-Nelen (2021): Employers' Willingness to Invest in the Training of Temporary Workers: A Discrete Choice Experiment. (IZA discussion paper 14395), Bonn, 36 S.
Abstract
"Various studies have shown that temporary workers participate less in training than those on permanent contracts. Human resources practices are considered to be an important explanation for this difference. We develop a theoretical framework for employers' provision of training that explicitly incorporates the costs and benefits associated with training investments in employees with different types of employment contracts. Our framework not only predicts employers to be less willing to invest in temporary workers due to the shorter time horizon associated with such an investment, but it also provides insights into how this willingness depends on characteristics of the training that are related to the expected costs and benefits of the training investment. A discrete choice experiment is used to empirically test the predictions from our theoretical framework. In line with our theoretical framework, we find that employers are less likely to invest in the training of temporary workers. This particularly holds when temporary workers do not have the prospect of a permanent contract with their current employer. Furthermore, we show that employers' likelihood of investing in temporary workers indeed depends on aspects related to the costs and benefits of training, that is, a financial contribution to the training costs made by employees, a repayment agreement that applies when workers leave the organisation prematurely, and the transferability of the skills being trained. Our findings can be used to increase employers' willingness to invest in temporary workers. However, similar effects are observed when looking at employers' willingness to invest in permanent workers, suggesting that it will be difficult to decrease the gap in employers' willingness to invest between temporary and permanent workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
-
Literaturhinweis
'Dual' labour market? Patterns of segmentation in European labour markets and the varieties of precariousness (2021)
Zitatform
Seo, Hyojin (2021): 'Dual' labour market? Patterns of segmentation in European labour markets and the varieties of precariousness. In: Transfer, Jg. 27, H. 4, S. 485-503. DOI:10.1177/10242589211061070
Abstract
"Der vorliegende Artikel will empirisch untersuchen, in welcher Weise die europäischen Arbeitsmärkte segmentiert sind und wer zu den Outsidern gehört. Der Artikel will das bisher übliche dichotome Modell der Segmentierung des Arbeitsmarktes überwinden, das bisher oft ausschließlich auf der Analyse von Arbeitsbeziehungen beruht. Die vorliegende Studie definiert vielmehr prekäre Verhältnisse auf dem Arbeitsmarkt anhand einer multidimensionalen Betrachtung, die auch Aspekte wie Einkommen, berufliche Perspektiven und subjektive Unsicherheit einbezieht. Mit der Methode der latenten Klassenanalyse werden Daten aus der Europäischen Erhebung über die Arbeitsbedingungen 2015 verwendet, um die traditionelle Definition des Outsider-Status zu erweitern. Es lassen sich vier Arbeitsmarktsegmente definieren: Insider und drei unterschiedliche Typen von Outsidern: typische Outsider, perspektivlose Insider und subjektive Outsider. Betrachtet man hier den länderübergreifenden Aspekt, so lassen sich Unterschiede im Hinblick auf die Segmentierungsmuster und besonders in der Frage finden, wer die Outsider sind. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Untersuchung verschiedener Aspekte prekärer Arbeitsverhältnisse erforderlich ist, um die Komplexität postindustrieller Arbeitsmärkte erfassen zu können, und dass es unterschiedliche Outsider-Typologien in Europa zu beschreiben gilt, die für den Aufbau einer Gesellschaft mit stärkerem Zusammenhalt geschützt werden sollten." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
-
Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht