Gender und Arbeitsmarkt
Die IAB-Infoplattform "Gender und Arbeitsmarkt" bietet wissenschaftliche und politiknahe Veröffentlichungen zu den Themen Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und Männern, Müttern und Vätern, Berufsrückkehrenden, Betreuung/Pflege und Arbeitsteilung in der Familie, Work-Life-Management, Determinanten der Erwerbsbeteiligung, geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede, familien- und steuerpolitische Regelungen sowie Arbeitsmarktpolitik für Frauen und Männer.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehrende – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug
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Literaturhinweis
Erwerbsarbeit von Müttern und frühkindliche Fremdbetreuung: Eine integrative Betrachtung von Wohlfahrtseffekten (2022)
Schrader, Sonja Maria;Zitatform
Schrader, Sonja Maria (2022): Erwerbsarbeit von Müttern und frühkindliche Fremdbetreuung. Eine integrative Betrachtung von Wohlfahrtseffekten. (BestMasters), Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler, 98 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-36287-4
Abstract
"Der Band bietet eine wirtschaftswissenschaftlich und psychologisch fundierte Herleitung von Wohlfahrtseffekten, die durch den zunehmenden Erwerbsumfang von Müttern und der daraus resultierenden frühkindlichen institutionellen Fremdbetreuung entstehen. Das Buch liefert eine multiperspektivische Analyse anhand des entwickelten Caregiving-In-Modells sowie auch verhaltensökonomischer Aspekte und leistet – auf Basis der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse – einen diskursiven Beitrag zur Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie für Entscheidungsträger in Wirtschaft und Politik." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Maternity breaks: Unemployment spells or relevant experience? (2022)
Zitatform
Tomlin, Bryan (2022): Maternity breaks: Unemployment spells or relevant experience? In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Jg. 198, S. 673-681. DOI:10.1016/j.jebo.2022.04.015
Abstract
"A correspondence study is used to determine how taking a maternity break from the labor force to raise a child affects a mother's ability to get an administrative job relative to mothers who did not take such a break. Relative to mothers who did not take a maternity break, those who did were about half as likely to receive a response to their application, as were those who spent the same time working as a nanny. Listing “stay-at-home mother” as relevant experience on one's resumé does nothing to shrink this gap. These results are consistent with the effect of unemployment on call-back rates as identified by previous research, suggesting that employers view maternity breaks as a form of unemployment rather than relevant experience." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Parental Leave Benefits and Child Penalties (2022)
Waights, Sevrin;Zitatform
Waights, Sevrin (2022): Parental Leave Benefits and Child Penalties. (DIW-Diskussionspapiere 2016), Berlin, 45 S.
Abstract
"I use the universe of tax returns in Germany and a regression kink design to estimate the impact of the benefit amount available to high-earning women after their first childbirth on subsequent within-couple earnings inequality. Lower benefit amounts result in a reduced earnings gap that persists beyond the benefit period for at least nine years after the birth. The longer-term impacts are driven by couples where the mother earned more than the father pre-birth. Simulations suggest it would take a 50% reduction in the benefit amount to completely eliminate long-run child penalties for sample couples. Lower benefits also reduce take-up of paid leave by mothers, lower the chances of having further children, and have no impact on marital stability." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
For better or worse: How more flexibility in working time arrangements and parental leave experiences affect fathers' working and childcare hours in Germany (2022)
Zitatform
Wanger, Susanne & Ines Zapf (2022): For better or worse: How more flexibility in working time arrangements and parental leave experiences affect fathers' working and childcare hours in Germany. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 34, H. 2, S. 582-614., 2021-10-21. DOI:10.20377/jfr-644
Abstract
"In dieser Studie untersuchen wir den Einfluss von flexiblen Arbeitszeitregelungen und Elternzeiterfahrungen auf die tatsächlichen Arbeits- und Kinderbetreuungszeiten von Männern. Viele Väter möchten mehr Zeit mit ihren Kindern verbringen und aktiv am Familienleben teilnehmen, aber die meisten arbeiten nach der Geburt eines Kindes noch mehr Stunden als zuvor. Zur besseren Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie könnte die Möglichkeit flexibler Arbeitszeitregelungen für Väter eine entscheidende Rolle spielen, auch um sich stärker in die Kinderbetreuung einzubringen. Anhand von Längsschnittdaten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) untersuchen wir den Zusammenhang zwischen flexiblen Arbeitszeitregelungen, Elternzeiterfahrungen, Arbeitszeiten und Kinderbetreuungszeiten. Basierend auf Daten zwischen 2013 und 2019 wurden Panel-Regressionsmodelle geschätzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Wechsel von festen zu flexiblen Arbeitszeitregelungen zu einer Erhöhung der Arbeitszeit bei Männern und Vätern führt. Diese längeren Arbeitszeiten gehen bei Vätern mit einer Verkürzung des Zeitaufwands für Kinderbetreuungsaktivitäten einher, wenn auf flexible Arbeitszeitregelungen umgestellt wird. Väter mit Elternzeiterfahrung zeigen jedoch eine veränderte Zeitnutzung, wenn sie zu flexiblen Arbeitszeiten wechseln. Flexible Arbeitszeitregelungen erweisen sich für Väter als ambivalent: Einerseits bieten sie Vätern neue Spielräume, andererseits führen sie aufgrund traditioneller Rollenmodelle zu längeren Arbeitszeiten und damit weniger Beteiligung an der Kinderbetreuung; aber Elternzeiterfahrungen machen einen Unterschied, was die Bedeutung dieser Regelungen für Väter betont." (Autorenreferat, © University of Bamberg Press)
Ähnliche Treffer
früher (möglw. abweichend) erschienen als: IAB-Discussion Paper -
Literaturhinweis
Women's labor force participation: Family-friendly policies increase women's labor force participation, benefiting them, their families, and society at large (2022)
Winkler, Anne E.;Zitatform
Winkler, Anne E. (2022): Women's labor force participation. Family-friendly policies increase women's labor force participation, benefiting them, their families, and society at large. (IZA world of labor 289), Bonn, 11 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.289.v2
Abstract
"Die Arbeitsmarktaktivitäten von Frauen steigern deren „wirtschaftlichen Wert“ für die Familie und die Gesellschaft. Während die weibliche Erwerbsbeteiligung weltweit zugenommen hat, bleibt sie in einigen Ländern und Regionen nach wie vor niedrig. In den USA sind die Frauenerwerbsquoten seit den 1990er Jahren weitgehend konstant geblieben, im Vergleich zu anderen Staaten jedoch gefallen. Angesichts der gesamtgesellschaftlichen Vorteile sollte die Politik ein starkes Interesse daran haben, Maßnahmen zur Förderung der weiblichen Erwerbsbeteiligung durchzusetzen. Elternzeit und subventionierte Kinderbetreuung sind zwei Schritte in die richtige Richtung." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Deutsche Kurzfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Family policies' long-term effects on poverty: a comparative analysis of single and partnered mothers (2022)
Zitatform
Zagel, Hannah & Wim Van Lancker (2022): Family policies' long-term effects on poverty: a comparative analysis of single and partnered mothers. In: Journal of European Social Policy, Jg. 32, H. 2, S. 166-181. DOI:10.1177/09589287211035690
Abstract
"This study investigates whether generous family policies at the transition to parenthood reduce single and partnered mothers’ economic disadvantages later in the life course. Previous research usually focused on the immediate effects of family policies and disregards potential longer-term effects. In this study, we suggest taking a life-course perspective to study the relationships between family policy and mothers’ poverty risks. We empirically investigate how investment in child benefits, childcare services and parental leave measures at the transition to parenthood are associated with poverty outcomes at later life stages and whether these associations hold over time. We draw on pooled EU-SILC data, and an original policy dataset based on OECD expenditure data for child benefits, childcare and parental leave from 1994 to 2015. We find that mothers’ observed increase in poverty over time is slower in countries with high levels of spending for childcare at the transition to parenthood than in lower spending countries. The gap between partnered and single mothers was also diminishing in contexts of high childcare expenditure. For the other two policies, we did not find these links. These results do lend support to the claim that childcare is a prime example of a social investment policy with returns later in the life course and represents a life-course policy that seems to be able to disrupt economic path dependencies. The results for the other two policies suggest, however, a limited potential of family policy spending at transition to parenthood to reduce the poverty gap between partnered and single mothers over the course of life." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does the provision of childcare reduce motherhood penalties in job-related training participation?: Longitudinal evidence from Germany (2022)
Zitatform
Zoch, Gundula (2022): Does the provision of childcare reduce motherhood penalties in job-related training participation? Longitudinal evidence from Germany. (SocArXiv papers), 38 S. DOI:10.31235/osf.io/8f59x
Abstract
"Previous studies highlight gender differences in job-related training participation, particularly in countries with few family policies supporting maternal employment. This study examines whether higher levels of state-subsidized childcare provision are positively linked to mothers’ participation in job-related training. It combines individual-level data from the National Educational Panel Study for Germany (NEPS-SC6 adult cohort, N=5512, 2008-2020) with annual administrative records on county-level childcare coverage. Results from fixed effects models provide evidence that higher childcare levels reduce the negative impact of childbirth on mothers’ job-related training participation. Nevertheless, motherhood training penalties exist even in contexts with higher childcare coverage levels, especially in West Germany. The findings highlight the importance of supporting family policies to reduce motherhood training penalties and associated gender inequalities in the labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of paternity leave on mothers' employment in Europe (2021)
Bacheron, Johanne;Zitatform
Bacheron, Johanne (2021): The impact of paternity leave on mothers' employment in Europe. (AMSE working paper 2021,10 halshs-03145794), Paris, 48 S.
Abstract
"In this paper, I use a pseudo-panel approach with data from the European Union Labour Force Survey to study the impact of paternity leave policies on mothers' employment in ten countries. Using a dynamic Difference-in-Difference strategy, I show that paternity leave increased mothers' employment rate by up to 17% in the long run, and average hours worked by 2 to 4%. There is substantial heterogeneity across countries in the effect of paternity leave policies. The impact on employment rates is positive and significant in eight of the ten countries of the sample, while the impact on hours worked can be either positive or negative. I find no evidence that the reforms had any impact on Greece or Portugal." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Role of Local Public Goods for Gender Gaps in the Spatial Economy (2021)
Bald, Fabian; Henkel, Marcel;Zitatform
Bald, Fabian & Marcel Henkel (2021): The Role of Local Public Goods for Gender Gaps in the Spatial Economy. (CRED research paper 33), Bern, 58 S.
Abstract
"We assess the role of local public goods provision for gender gaps in the labour market. We find that higher fiscal revenues of local governments are associated with decreasing gender employment gaps in German labour market areas because it decreases labour supply for male workers at a higher rate than for female workers. The results are robust when we include instrumental variables that address the endogeneity of local public goods provision. To assess the impact of fiscal transfers across regions on gender gaps we quantify a spatial general equilibrium model with multiple types of workers, who are differently affected by local public goods provision in their labour supply decision. We find that transfers reduce disparities across regions. This goes along with smaller gender gaps in employment in treated regions because female workers are disproportionately pulled into market work and regions with low productivity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment Responses to Income Effect: Evidence from Pension Reform (2021)
Zitatform
Becker, Sebastian, Hermann Buslei, Johannes Geyer & Peter Haan (2021): Employment Responses to Income Effect: Evidence from Pension Reform. (DIW-Diskussionspapiere 1941), Berlin, 20 S.
Abstract
"For the design of the pension system, it is crucial to disentangle the employment responses related to the substitution effect and the income effect. In this paper, we provide causal evidence regarding the importance of the income effect, which is generally assumed to be small or non-existent. We exploit a pension reform in Germany that raised pension benefits related to children. For the identification, we exploit the discontinuity induced by the reform: only mothers with children born before 1.1.1992 were affected by the pension reform. Children born after this cut-off date did not change pension income. We use a difference-in-differences estimator based on administrative data from the German pension insurance that includes complete individual employment histories. We find that income effects are significant and economically important. We show that the policy led to a reduction in the employment of affected females. Further, we are able to show effect heterogeneity on different dimensions: by treatment intensity, age of the mother, and pre-reform pension wealth." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Occupation flexibility and the graduate gender wage gap in the UK (2021)
Benny, Liza; Fernández, Manuel; Bhalotra, Sonia;Zitatform
Benny, Liza, Sonia Bhalotra & Manuel Fernández (2021): Occupation flexibility and the graduate gender wage gap in the UK. (ISER working paper 2021-05), Colchester, 65 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines the importance of gender differences in labour supply and demand for job flexibility to the growth of the gender wage gap over the life cycle and over time for graduates in the UK. We document that the graduate gender wage gap increases over the life cycle, especially between ages 25 and 40, to about 20% of real hourly male earnings by age 55. The share of women working in flexible occupations has grown over the life cycle, and especially substantially over time for successive cohorts, whereas men are less likely to work in flexible occupations at older ages. The wage penalty from working in flexible occupations increases both over the life cycle and over time. We estimate a model of labour supply and demand to quantify the importance of changes to preferences and relative demand for flexibility on the gender wage gap. Higher relative demand for male labour at older ages, and in in flexible occupations, explains almost all (96%) of the estimated life cycle increases in the gender wage gap, whereas women's higher preferences for working in flexible occupations drives the increases in sorting into flexible occupations over time, contributing to about 60% of the estimated increase in the gender wage gap over time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Migrant-native differentials in the uptake of (in)formal childcare in Belgium: The role of mothers' employment opportunities and care availability (2021)
Zitatform
Biegel, Naomi, Jonas Wood & Karel Neels (2021): Migrant-native differentials in the uptake of (in)formal childcare in Belgium: The role of mothers' employment opportunities and care availability. In: Journal of Family Research, Jg. 33, H. 2, S. 467-508. DOI:10.20377/jfr-463
Abstract
"Objective: we explore migrant-native differentials in the uptake of formal and informal childcare and whether this is induced by lower demand for childcare versus differential access to (in)formal childcare compared to natives. Background: The rise in female labour market participation in recent decades has challenged parents to negotiate work and family responsibilities and organise childcare. Belgium is among the European countries with the highest availability of formal childcare, but maternal employment and uptake of childcare are substantially lower in migrant populations. Methods : Combining linked microdata from the 1991 and 2001 censuses with contextual data on childcare availability at the municipality level, we use multinomial logit models to study childcare use and type of childcare arrangement among parents having a young child in 2001. As access to childcare and maternal employment are mutually endogenous, we use estimated employment opportunities. Results : We find considerable migrant-native differentials in childcare use, as well as substantial differences between first and second generation migrants. Second generation mothers of Turkish, Moroccan and Eastern-European background are less likely than natives to use childcare, and more likely to rely on informal arrangements if childcare is used. Controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and differential availability of (in)formal childcare largely accounts for differences in childcare use, but Turkish and Moroccan women remain less likely to use care and first generation Turkish mothers remain more likely to use informal care as opposed to formal childcare. Conclusions : While differences in socio-demographic characteristics, labour market opportunities and availability of (in)formal care provide a partial explanation, partial migrant-native differentials in childcare use persist for specific groups, suggesting that other factors inhibit the uptake of formal childcare." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A new universal child allowance in Italy: equity and efficiency concerns (2021)
Curci, Nicola; Savegnago, Marco;Zitatform
Curci, Nicola & Marco Savegnago (2021): A new universal child allowance in Italy: equity and efficiency concerns. (Questioni di economia e finanza (Occasional papers) / Banca d'Italia 636), Rom, 33 S.
Abstract
"The paper discusses a possible scheme for a new universal child allowance (assegno unico e universale per i figli, AUU) and evaluates its effects on income distribution (equity) and on financial disincentives to work (efficiency). The analysis, carried out using the Banca d'Italia tax-benefit microsimulation model BIMic, takes into account the principles defined in the enabling law recently approved by the Parliament and the budgetary resources set aside for this measure. The scheme envisaged in the paper differs from the proposals discussed so far in public debate about the AUU due to a significant innovation, namely the introduction of an in-work benefit component. The simulated reform would not only reduce the inequality of disposable income with respect to the current legislation scenario, but also - due to the above mentioned in-work benefit - would lessen the financial disincentives to labor market participation for potential female workers. The latter result is particularly strong for low-income households." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Employment protection and fertility decisions: the unintended consequences of the Italian Jobs Act (2021)
Zitatform
De Paola, Maria, Roberto Nisticò & Vincenzo Scoppa (2021): Employment protection and fertility decisions: the unintended consequences of the Italian Jobs Act. In: Economic Policy, Jg. 36, H. 108, S. 735-773. DOI:10.1093/epolic/eiab015
Abstract
"We study the effect of a reduction in employment protection on workers’ fertility decisions. Using data from the Italian Labor Force Survey for 2013–18, we analyse how the propensity to have a child has been affected by the 2015 labour market reform dubbed the ‘Jobs Act’, which reduced employment protection for employees of larger firms while leaving small firms essentially untouched. We take a Difference-in-Differences identification approach and compare the change in fertility decisions of women employed in large firms with that of women in small firms. We find that the former’s probability of having a child is 1.4 percentage points lower. A battery of robustness checks confirms this finding. The effect also holds when possible sorting issues are accounted for by an instrumental variable approach. We document substantial heterogeneous effects by age, marital status, parity and geographical area as well as by education and earnings. Our findings suggest the potential unintended consequences on fertility that labour market reforms introducing greater flexibility may have by heightening career insecurity." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Maternity leave and female labor force participation: evidence from 159 countries (2021)
Zitatform
Del Rey, Elena, Andreas Kyriacou & José I. Silva (2021): Maternity leave and female labor force participation: evidence from 159 countries. In: Journal of Population Economics, Jg. 34, H. 3, S. 803-824. DOI:10.1007/s00148-020-00806-1
Abstract
"In this paper, we account for the direct and indirect effects of maternity leave entitlements on female labor force participation. We first explore theoretically the impact of maternity leave duration on female labor supply in the presence of fertility decisions. We assume that maternity leave duration affects female labor supply through two main channels: reducing the time cost of female market work, and reducing women's earnings. Our theoretical model allows for non-monotonic effects of leave duration on female labor supply. We test the predictions of our model using an unbalanced panel of 159 countries for the years 1994, 2004, and 2011. We confirm the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between maternity leave duration and female participation, and find a maternity leave threshold of around 30 weeks above which female participation falls. Below this threshold, increasing maternity leave increases female labor force participation because the positive effect due to the reduction of work–time cost of employed mothers strongly dominates the negative wage penalty effect. Beyond this threshold, the opposite happens. Our analysis also confirms the relevance of social norms for female labor supply throughout the world." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fertility, Family Policy, and Labor Supply: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from France (2021)
Elmallakh, Nelly;Zitatform
Elmallakh, Nelly (2021): Fertility, Family Policy, and Labor Supply: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from France. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 984), Essen, 55 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines fertility and labor supply responses to a French policy reform that consisted in conditioning the amount of child allowances on household income. Relying on Regression Discontinuity Design and administrative income data, the paper finds that restricting family allowance eligibility criteria decreases fertility. The results also highlight that receiving half the amount of the allowances or not receiving any leads to an increase in both male and female labor supply. Auxiliary regressions show that at least part of the decline in fertility is due to timing effects, as the fertility impact declines as women's age increases." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Role of Childcare Challenges in the US Jobs Market Recovery During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021)
Furman, Jason; Kearney, Melissa Schettini; Powell, Wilson;Zitatform
Furman, Jason, Melissa Schettini Kearney & Wilson Powell (2021): The Role of Childcare Challenges in the US Jobs Market Recovery During the COVID-19 Pandemic. (NBER working paper 28934), Cambridge, MA, 26 S. DOI:10.3386/w28934
Abstract
"We examine how much of the overall decline in employment between the beginning of 2020 and 2021 can be explained by excess job loss among parents of young children, and mothers specifically. Using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), we confirm that, in general, mothers with young children have experienced a larger decline in employment, as compared (unconditionally) with other adults, including fathers. This excess job loss is driven by mothers without a four-year college (bachelor's) degree. The main point of the paper is to build off this observation and examine how much of the aggregate employment deficit in early 2021 can be explained by parent-specific issues, such as childcare struggles. To examine this question, we construct counterfactual employment rates and labor force participation rates that assign to mothers of young children the percent change in employment and labor force participation rates experienced by comparable women without young children. We consider multiple definition, sample, and counterfactual specification alternatives. Our analysis yields robust evidence that differential job loss among mothers of young children accounts for a negligible share of the ongoing aggregate employment deficit. The result is even stronger (and flips signs) if we consider all parents, since fathers with young children experienced less job loss than other men. The practical implication of these findings is that nearly all of the aggregate ongoing employment deficit is explained by factors that affect workers more broadly, as opposed to challenges specific to working parents." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Familienpolitik - Erwerbstätigkeit beider Elternteile stärken (2021)
Geis-Thöne, Wido; Plünnecke, Axel;Zitatform
Geis-Thöne, Wido & Axel Plünnecke (2021): Familienpolitik - Erwerbstätigkeit beider Elternteile stärken. (IW-Kurzberichte / Institut der Deutschen Wirtschaft Köln 2021,45), Köln, 3 S.
Abstract
"Um Familien wirtschaftlich besser zu stellen und gegen Risiken abzusichern, ist die Erwerbstätigkeit beider Elternteile hilfreich. Daher sollte die Familienpolitik die U3-Betreuung und Ganztagsgrundschulen ausbauen, die Qualität der Betreuungsangebote erhöhen und Elterngeld und Ehegattenbesteuerung weiterentwickeln." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
How do women allocate their available time in Europe? Differences with men (2021)
Zitatform
Gimenez-Nadal, Jose Ignacio & José Alberto Molina (2021): How do women allocate their available time in Europe? Differences with men. (GLO discussion paper / Global Labor Organization 908), Maastricht, 42 S.
Abstract
"This article explores the gender gap in time allocation in Europe, offering up-to-date statistics and information on several factors that may help to explain these differences. Prior research has identified several factors affecting the time individuals devote to paid work, unpaid work, and child care, and the gender gaps in these activities, but most research refers to single countries, and general patterns are rarely explored. Cross-country evidence on gender gaps in paid work, unpaid work, and child care is offered, and explanations based on education, earnings, and household structure are presented, using data from the EUROSTAT and the Multinational Time Use Surveys. There are large cross-country differences in the gender gaps in paid work, unpaid work, and child care, which remain after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, although the gender gap in paid work dissipates when the differential gendered relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and paid work is taken into account. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of gender gaps in Europe, helping to focus recent debates on how to tackle inequality in Europe, and clarifying the factors that contribute to gender inequalities in the uses of time." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mothers at Work: How Mandating Paid Maternity Leave Affects Employment, Earnings and Fertility (2021)
Zitatform
Girsberger, Esther Mirjam, Lena Hassani Nezhad, Kalaivani Karunanethy & Rafael Lalive (2021): Mothers at Work: How Mandating Paid Maternity Leave Affects Employment, Earnings and Fertility. (IZA discussion paper 14605), Bonn, 58 S.
Abstract
"In July 2005, Switzerland introduced the first federal paid maternity leave mandate, offering 14 weeks of leave with 80% of pre-birth earnings. We study the mandate's impact on women's employment and earnings around the birth of their first child, as well as on their subsequent fertility by exploiting unique, rich administrative data in a difference-in-differences set-up. Women covered by the mandate worked and earned more during pregnancy, and also had temporarily increased job continuity with their pre-birth employer after birth. Estimated effects on other labor market outcomes are small or absent, and all dissipate by five years after birth. The mandate instead persistently increased subsequent fertility: affected women were three percentage points more likely to have a second child in the next nine years. Women living in regions that had greater early child care availability experienced a larger increase in subsequent fertility following the mandate, suggesting that child care complements paid maternity leave in helping women balance work and family." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung von Männern
- Kinderbetreuung und Pflege
- Berufliche Geschlechtersegregation
- Berufsrückkehrende – Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt
- Dual-Career-Couples
- Work-Life
- Geschlechtsspezifische Lohnunterschiede
- Familienpolitische Rahmenbedingungen
- Aktive/aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- Arbeitslosigkeit und passive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
- geografischer Bezug