Berufswahl
Was will ich werden? Welche Ausbildung, welches Studium passt zu mir und bietet langfristig sichere Perspektiven auf dem Arbeitsmarkt? Die Wahl eines Berufes gehört zu den wichtigen biographischen Weichenstellungen, auch wenn sie heute keine Festlegung für ein ganzes (Berufs-)leben mehr darstellt. Sie hat Auswirkungen auf die spätere ökonomische Sicherheit, den sozialen Status und auf Chancen zur Entfaltung der Persönlichkeit.
Dieses Themendossier bietet eine Auswahl von Literatur- und Forschungsprojektnachweisen zur Berufswahlforschung in Deutschland und anderen Ländern. Sie gibt einen Überblick über theoretische Ansätze und empirische Befunde zur Erklärung des Berufswahlverhaltens, zu Motiven der Berufswahl bei besonderen Personengruppen sowie zu Bestimmungsgründen und Einflussfaktoren bei der Entscheidungsfindung.
Im Filter „Autorenschaft“ können Sie auf IAB-(Mit-)Autorenschaft eingrenzen.
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of body weight on occupational mobility and career development (2019)
Harris, Matthew C.;Zitatform
Harris, Matthew C. (2019): The impact of body weight on occupational mobility and career development. In: International Economic Review, Jg. 60, H. 2, S. 631-660. DOI:10.1111/iere.12364
Abstract
"This article examines the relationship between individuals' weight and employment decisions over the life cycle. I estimate a dynamic stochastic model of individuals' annual choices of occupation, hours worked, and schooling. Evidence suggests that heavier individuals face higher switching costs when transitioning into white-collar occupations, earn lower returns to experience in white-collar occupations, and earn lower wages in socially intensive jobs. I simulate a hypothetical antidiscrimination policy treating obese workers as a protected class. Although such a policy would reduce gaps in occupational attainment, it would have little effect on the observed divergence in wages between obese and nonobese workers." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor supply and gender differences in occupational choice (2019)
Zitatform
Keller, Elisa (2019): Labor supply and gender differences in occupational choice. In: European Economic Review, Jg. 115, H. June, S. 221-241. DOI:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2019.03.002
Abstract
"This paper uses data on the task content of occupations to study the role of labor supply in occupational choice. In 1970, married women were less likely to choose occupations characterized by analytically intensive tasks than were men. By 2010, gender differences in occupational choice had narrowed significantly. I use the Dictionary of Occupational Titles to measure the value of skill in an occupation and find an increase in this value with the analytical intensity of occupational tasks. I argue that, as a significant part of skill is accumulated on the job, sources that encourage women to commit to market work contributed to the gender convergence in occupational choice. A quantitative exercise measures that labor-saving technical change in the household sector, occupation-biased technical change in final good production, declining gender gaps in wages and schooling account for 58% of the gender convergence in occupational choice, via the labor supply channel." (Author's abstract, © 2019 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Berufswahlbereitschaft bei Jugendlichen - Welche Faktoren sind für eine erfolgreiche Berufswahl wichtig? (2019)
Zitatform
Marciniak, Julian, Rebekka Steiner & Andreas Hirschi (2019): Berufswahlbereitschaft bei Jugendlichen - Welche Faktoren sind für eine erfolgreiche Berufswahl wichtig? In: Berufsbildung in Wissenschaft und Praxis, Jg. 48, H. 1, S. 6-9.
Abstract
"Zur Frage, welche Faktoren für eine gelingende Berufswahl wichtig sind, sind zahlreiche wissenschaftliche Konstrukte entwickelt worden. Der Beitrag gibt aus Sicht der Laufbahnforschung eine Übersicht über diese Konstrukte sowie das integrative Konstrukt 'Berufswahlbereitschaft', das die Kernelemente der bisherigen Konstrukte verbindet. Zur Messung wird der Karriere-Ressourcen-Fragebogen für Jugendliche präsentiert, der es ermöglicht, alle Kernbereiche der Berufswahlbereitschaft effizient zu erfassen. Weiterhin wird erläutert, wie das vorgestellte Messinstrument in der Praxis verwendet werden kann. Abschließend werden erste Befunde aus einem größeren Forschungsprojekt in der Schweiz zur Entwicklung der Berufswahlbereitschaft vorgestellt." (Autorenreferat)
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Literaturhinweis
The effect of labor market information on community college students' major choice (2018)
Zitatform
Baker, Rachel, Eric Bettinger, Brian Jacob & Ioana Marinescu (2018): The effect of labor market information on community college students' major choice. In: Economics of education review, Jg. 65, H. August, S. 18-30. DOI:10.1016/j.econedurev.2018.05.005
Abstract
"An important goal of community colleges is to prepare students for the labor market. But are students aware of the labor market outcomes in different majors? And how much do students weigh labor market outcomes when choosing a major? In this study we find that less than 15% of a sample of community college students in California rank broad categories of majors accurately in terms of labor market outcomes. Students believe that salaries are 13% higher than they actually are, on average, and students underestimate the probability of being employed by almost 25%. We find that the main determinants of major choice are beliefs about course enjoyment and grades, but expected labor market outcomes also matter. Experimental estimates of the impact of expected labor market outcomes are larger than OLS estimates and show that a 10% increase in salary is associated with a 14 to 18% increase in the probability of choosing a specific category of majors." (Author's abstract, © 2018 Elsevier) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: NBER working paper , 23333 -
Literaturhinweis
Estimating a model of qualitative and quantitative education choices in France (2018)
Belzil, Christian; Poinas, François;Zitatform
Belzil, Christian & François Poinas (2018): Estimating a model of qualitative and quantitative education choices in France. (IZA discussion paper 11433), Bonn, 42 S.
Abstract
"We estimate a structural model of education choices in which individuals choose between a professional (or technical) and a general track at both high school and university levels using French panel data (Génération 98). The average per-period utility of attending general high school (about 10,000 euros per year) is 20% higher than that of professional high school (about 8000 euros per year). About 64% of total higher education enrollments are explained by this differential. At the same time, professional high school graduates would earn 5% to 6% more than general high school graduates if they both entered the labor market around age 18. The return to post-high school general education is highly convex (as in the US) and is reaped mostly toward the end of the higher education curriculum. Public policies targeting an increase in professional high school enrollments of 10 percentage points would require a subsidy of 300 euros per year of professional high school." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
How much of barrier to entry is occupational licensing? (2018)
Zitatform
Blair, Peter Q. & Bobby W. Chung (2018): How much of barrier to entry is occupational licensing? (NBER working paper 25262), Cambrige, Mass., 35 S. DOI:10.3386/w25262
Abstract
"We exploit state variation in licensing laws to study the effect of licensing on occupational choice using a boundary discontinuity design. We find that licensing reduces equilibrium labor supply by an average of 17%-27%. The negative labor supply effects of licensing appear to be strongest for white workers and comparatively weaker for black workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
spätere (möglicherweise abweichende) Version erschienen in: BJIR -
Literaturhinweis
Origins of gender norms: sibling gender composition and women's choice of occupation and partner (2018)
Zitatform
Brenøe, Anne Ardila (2018): Origins of gender norms. Sibling gender composition and women's choice of occupation and partner. (IZA discussion paper 11692), Bonn, 65 S.
Abstract
"I examine how one central aspect of the childhood family environment - sibling gender composition - affects women's gender conformity, measured through their choice of occupation and partner. Using Danish administrative data, I causally estimate the effect of having a second-born brother relative to a sister for first-born women. The results show that women with a brother acquire more traditional gender norms with negative consequences for their labor earnings. I provide evidence of increased gender-specialized parenting in families with mixed-sex children, suggesting a stronger transmission of traditional gender norms. Finally, I find indications of persistent effects to the next generation of girls." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gendered expectations of the biographical and social future: young adults' approaches to short and long-term thinking (2018)
Cook, Julia Anne;Zitatform
Cook, Julia Anne (2018): Gendered expectations of the biographical and social future. Young adults' approaches to short and long-term thinking. In: Journal of youth studies, Jg. 21, H. 10, S. 1376-1391. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2018.1468875
Abstract
"Numerous studies have found that although young adults are arguably less constrained by gendered norms and expectations than previous generations, they have nevertheless continued to imagine their biographical futures in highly gendered ways. In this paper I draw on an analysis of 28 in-depth interviews in which 16 women and 12 men (aged 18-34) were asked to discuss their expectations for both the biographical and social future. The results of this study largely confirm the findings of previous scholarship, with young women often viewing childbearing and caring responsibilities as compulsory, while young men largely viewed these commitments as complementary to their chosen careers. This paper extends existing findings in this area by examining, firstly, whether these perceptions of the biographical future are mirrored in the participants' views of the long-term, social future, and secondly, what implications such views may have when they are extended into this register. In so doing it ultimately finds that the gender norms that shape young adults' expectations for their own futures are echoed in their outlooks upon the social future." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
A general equilibrium theory of occupational choice under optimistic beliefs about entrepreneurial ability (2018)
Dell'Era, Michele; Santos-Pinto, Luís; Opromolla, Luca David;Zitatform
Dell'Era, Michele, Luca David Opromolla & Luís Santos-Pinto (2018): A general equilibrium theory of occupational choice under optimistic beliefs about entrepreneurial ability. (CESifo working paper 7300), München, 43 S.
Abstract
"This paper studies the impact of optimism on occupational choice using a general equilibrium framework. The model shows that optimism has four main qualitative effects: it leads to a misallocation of talent, drives up input prices, raises the number of entrepreneurs, and makes entrepreneurs worse off. We calibrate the model to match U.S. manufacturing data. This allows us to make quantitative predictions regarding the impact of optimism on occupational choice, input prices, the returns to entrepreneurship, and output. The calibration shows that optimism can explain the empirical puzzle of the low mean returns to entrepreneurship compared to average wages." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Young-adults NEET in Italy: orientations and strategies toward the future (2018)
Gaspani, Fabio;Zitatform
Gaspani, Fabio (2018): Young-adults NEET in Italy. Orientations and strategies toward the future. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 38, H. 1/2, S. 150-164. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-04-2017-0038
Abstract
"Purpose
The article examines the relation with the future of young-adults NEET (Not in Education, Employment or Training) in Italy. The study of temporal experiences allows to understand how subjects represent their own condition and construct their biographies in an age of uncertainty.
Design/methodology/approach
The study follows a qualitative approach to allow participants to express their own experiences and representations through narratives. The twelve cases considered are illustrative of the different orientations detected in the group of thirty-six young people involved in the research.
Findings
Young-adults NEET have problems in acquiring a recognised social status and in designing future orientations. The difficulties to project themselves in time hinder the attainment of a sense of biographical continuity as well as the process of identity construction, which tends to be increasingly detached from the planning sphere.
Originality/value
The study adds to the literature on the issue of young people NEET, contributing to differentiate the social conditions of this group by referring to their experiences, social belongings and resources. The analysis sheds new light on the agency of young people, that conceive biographical strategies in relation to the scenarios they envisage." (Author's abstract, 䗏 Emerald Group) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
The determinants of teachers' occupational choice (2018)
Lang, Kevin; Palacios, Maria Dolores;Zitatform
Lang, Kevin & Maria Dolores Palacios (2018): The determinants of teachers' occupational choice. (NBER working paper 24883), Cambrige, Mass., 36 S. DOI:10.3386/w24883
Abstract
"Among college graduates, teachers have both low average AFQT and high average risk aversion, perhaps because the compression of earnings within teaching attracts relatively risk-averse individuals. Using a dynamic optimization model with unobserved heterogeneity, we show that were it possible to make teacher compensation mimic the return to skills and riskiness of the non-teaching sector, overall compensation in teaching would increase. Moreover, this would make many current teachers substantially worse off, making reform challenging. Importantly, our conclusions are sensitive to the degree of heterogeneity for which we allow. Since even a model with no unobserved heterogeneity fits well within sample, one could easily conclude that allowing for two or three types fits the data adequately. Formal methods reject this conclusion. The BIC favors seven types. Ranking models using cross-validation, nine types is better although the improvements of going from six to seven, from seven to eight and from eight to nine types are noticeably smaller than those from adding an additional type to a lower base." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mechanisms underlying parent-child occupational consistency: a critical review (2018)
Lawson, Katie M.;Zitatform
Lawson, Katie M. (2018): Mechanisms underlying parent-child occupational consistency. A critical review. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 21, H. 3, S. 272-291. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2017.1284761
Abstract
"Parents' and children's occupations are often similar on a variety of dimensions, including income, gender typicality, and Holland's job types [Whiston, S. C., & Keller, B. K. (2004). The influences of the family of origin on career development: A review and analysis. The Counseling Psychologist, 32, 493 - 568]. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not well understood, limiting both research and application to real-world contexts such as career counseling settings. The present article has three main goals: (1) To critically examine individual mechanisms underlying parent - child occupational consistency; (2) To propose a multiple mechanisms model that accounts for the limitations and assumptions of individual mechanisms; and (3) To propose future research directions while critically examining implicit assumptions of past research and research methodology. By addressing these goals, this paper has the potential to inform future research on parent - child occupational consistency and vocational intervention efforts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The upward trend in women's college-going: the role of teenagers' anticipated future labour force attachment (2018)
Lee, Jing Young;Zitatform
Lee, Jing Young (2018): The upward trend in women's college-going. The role of teenagers' anticipated future labour force attachment. In: Applied Economics, Jg. 50, H. 30, S. 3271-3284. DOI:10.1080/00036846.2017.1420888
Abstract
"This article focuses on the role of teenagers' anticipated labour force participation in explaining the upward trend in U.S. women's college-going. A simple conceptual model implies that individuals with more anticipated lifetime hours of work are more likely to invest in college education. My analysis using data from three National Longitudinal Surveys supports the theoretical implication. This finding, combined with the trend towards higher work expectations of young women across birth cohorts, may account in part for the upward trends in women's college attendance and completion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
From childhood to young adulthood: the importance of self-esteem during childhood for occupational achievements among young men and women (2018)
Magnusson, Charlotta; Nermo, Magnus;Zitatform
Magnusson, Charlotta & Magnus Nermo (2018): From childhood to young adulthood. The importance of self-esteem during childhood for occupational achievements among young men and women. In: Journal of youth studies, Jg. 21, H. 10, S. 1392-1410. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2018.1468876
Abstract
"This study investigates the impact of self-esteem during childhood on men's and women's occupational prestige in young adulthood. By combining first-hand information from parents in the Swedish Level-of-Living surveys (LNU) 2000 and their children in the Child-LNU in 2000 and the follow-up study in LNU-2010, we are able to assess how self-esteem during adolescence is related to occupational prestige in adulthood. Multivariate analyses were used to determine whether associations between self-esteem (global and domain-specific) in childhood (aged 10 - 18 years) and occupational prestige in young adulthood (aged 20 - 28) exist and, if so, what the magnitudes of these associations are for each respective gender.
For women, there is a positive association between confidence in mathematics and prestige, even when accounting for actual math grades. Global self-esteem is positively related to later occupational prestige as well. For men, self-esteem is unrelated to occupational prestige. Only actual performance in mathematics is important for men's occupational achievements.
These results indicate the importance of taking gender differences into account when investigating how self-esteem is related to outcomes in young adulthood. A possible implication is the importance of focusing on the development of self-esteem among children, particularly girls, in school." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Under pressure to become: from a student to entrepreneurial self (2018)
Oinonen, Eriikka;Zitatform
Oinonen, Eriikka (2018): Under pressure to become: from a student to entrepreneurial self. In: Journal of youth studies, Jg. 21, H. 10, S. 1344-1360. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2018.1468022
Abstract
"This paper discusses how entrepreneurial discourse and the idea of the entrepreneurial self are internalised by university students, and how this affects thoughts about the education-work transition, as well as students' ideas and feelings about their future. The data was gathered through visual and narrative methods, composed of reflection texts attached to pictures and empathy-based-stories written by students about to graduate from BA and MA programmes in the social sciences, humanities, business, and administration at the University of Tampere (Finland) and University of Barcelona (Spain). The data-driven analysis reveals that university students have internalised the entrepreneurial ethos but not uncritically. They question the economy-based, work-oriented entrepreneurial self -discourse. Work and income are no longer trusted as grounds for a good life. Although students wish for steady income from a permanent job, they are very aware of the erratic reality. Consequently, they aspire for a balance between work and life. They emphasise rootedness to a place and physically close social relationships as the resources to cope with the uncertainties in working life and society, and as the most important components for a good life. Perhaps the students are in the process of updating the components for a good life to better match with the current reality." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do parental networks pay off? Linking children's labor-market outcomes to their parents' friends (2018)
Zitatform
Plug, Erik, Bas van der Klaauw & Lennart Ziegler (2018): Do parental networks pay off? Linking children's labor-market outcomes to their parents' friends. In: The Scandinavian journal of economics, Jg. 120, H. 1, S. 268-295. DOI:10.1111/sjoe.12227
Abstract
"In this paper, we examine whether children are better off if their parents have more elaborate social networks. Using data on high-school friendships of parents, we analyze whether the number and characteristics of friends affect the labor-market outcomes of children. While parental friendships formed in high school appear long lasting, we find no significant impact on their children's occupational choices and earnings prospects. These results do not change when we account for network endogeneity, network persistency, and network measurement error. Only when children enter the labor market do friends of parents have a marginally significant but small influence on their occupational choice." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 9074 -
Literaturhinweis
Vocational or academic track? Study and career plans among Swedish students living in rural areas (2018)
Zitatform
Rönnlund, Maria, Per-Åke Rosvall & Monica Johansson (2018): Vocational or academic track? Study and career plans among Swedish students living in rural areas. In: Journal of Youth Studies, Jg. 21, H. 3, S. 360-375. DOI:10.1080/13676261.2017.1380303
Abstract
"This ethnographic study explores how rural lower secondary school students reflect on study and career choices, focusing on the choice between vocational and academic upper secondary programs. Applying a spatial perspective, we analyze individual students' reflections about study and career choices within a variety of rural regions, and compare patterns in the regions. The results indicate complex interactions between structural factors and individual dispositions. In places where education levels were low and the local labor market predominantly offered unskilled manual and service work, there was a stronger tendency to choose vocational programs than in places with higher education levels and access to a more varied labor market. Likewise, there was an association between strongly gendered labor markets and gender-typical choices. However, individual students positioned themselves actively in relation to the local place, its local labor market and social relations; their choices were place-bound to varying degrees, and chose upper secondary programs and presented ideas about prospective careers that were harmonious with the local labor market in some cases, but discordant in other cases. The results are discussed in the framework of individuals' horizon for actions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Venus, Mars, and Math: Gender, Societal Affluence, and Eighth Graders' Aspirations for STEM (2017)
Charles, Maria;Zitatform
Charles, Maria (2017): Venus, Mars, and Math: Gender, Societal Affluence, and Eighth Graders' Aspirations for STEM. In: Socius, Jg. 3, S. 1-16. DOI:10.1177/2378023117697179
Abstract
"The author explores how the gender gap in aspirations for scientific, technical, engineering, and mathematical (STEM) work changes with societal affluence. Over-time data on cohorts of eighth graders in 32 countries reveal that aspirations for mathematically related work become more gender differentiated as societal affluence grows. This relationship holds controlling for students' social class backgrounds, mathematical achievement, and affinity for school, and it is not explained by cross-national differences in the economic integration of women, gender stereotyping of science, or Internet access. Observed patterns of gender segregation reflect more than just women's greater freedom to indulge tastes for non-STEM work in affluent societies; tastes are themselves more gendered in these contexts." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Media and occupational choice (2017)
Konon, Alexander; Kritikos, Alexander;Zitatform
Konon, Alexander & Alexander Kritikos (2017): Media and occupational choice. (DIW-Diskussionspapiere 1683), Berlin, 46 S.
Abstract
"We address the question of whether media influences occupational choices. To theoretically examine media effects, we construct a dynamic Bayesian occupational choice model with sequential decisions under ambiguity due to imperfect information. We show that sufficiently intensive positive media articles and reports about entrepreneurship increase the probability of self-employment and decrease the probability of wage work. To test our model, we use an instrumental variable approach to identify causal media effects using US micro data and a country-level macro panel with two different media variables. We find that an increase in positive media articles and reports about entrepreneurs generates effects on choice probabilities that are consistent with our model." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: IZA discussion paper , 11015 -
Literaturhinweis
Does employment during adolescence reduce adult welfare participation? (2017)
Mansour, Fady;Zitatform
Mansour, Fady (2017): Does employment during adolescence reduce adult welfare participation? In: Australian Journal of Labour Economics, Jg. 20, H. 3, S. 199-227.
Abstract
"This study is the first to use welfare participation to investigate the impact of working during adolescence on outcomes later in life. I use National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) 1979 data to investigate the impact of early-life employment on both the welfare payment and probability of welfare participation in the respondents' 20s and 30s. I use a variety of model specifications, including random effect and Heckman selection models, to check the robustness of the results. The study shows that the impact is generated mainly from the hours worked during the ages of 17, 18 and 19. Working one extra full-time week per year between the ages of 17 and 19 reduces the probability of receiving welfare in the 20s by 8.2 per cent (2.5 percentage points) for females and 10.9 per cent (2 percentage points) for males." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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