Atypische Beschäftigung
Vollzeit, unbefristet und fest angestellt - das typische Normalarbeitsverhältnis ist zwar immer noch die Regel. Doch arbeiten die Erwerbstätigen heute vermehrt auch befristet, in Teilzeit- und Minijobs, in Leiharbeitsverhältnissen oder als Solo-Selbständige. Was sind die Konsequenzen der zunehmenden Bedeutung atypischer Beschäftigungsformen für die Erwerbstätigen, die Arbeitslosen und die Betriebe? Welche Bedeutung haben sie für die sozialen Sicherungssysteme, das Beschäftigungsniveau und die Durchlässigkeit des Arbeitsmarktes? Die IAB-Infoplattform bietet Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
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Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht
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Literaturhinweis
Combining Part-time Work and Social Benefits: Empirical Evidence from Finland (2023)
Kalin, Salla; Matikka, Tuomas; Kyyrä, Tomi;Zitatform
Kalin, Salla, Tomi Kyyrä & Tuomas Matikka (2023): Combining Part-time Work and Social Benefits: Empirical Evidence from Finland. (VATT working papers / Valtion Taloudellinen Tutkimuskeskus (Helsinki) 159), Helsinki, 64 S.
Abstract
"We use detailed, population-wide data from Finland to provide evidence of the impact of earnings disregard policies on part-time work during unemployment spells, and describe the longer-run trends in combining part-time work and social benefits. We find that part-time or temporary work while receiving unemployment benefits is strongly concentrated at service and social and health care sectors, and women participate in part-time work much more commonly than men (25% vs. 12% of benefit recipients). The share of part-time workers among unemployment benefit recipients increased sharply from 10% to 18% over a few years after the implementation of earnings disregards in unemployment benefits and housing allowances. The earnings disregards allowed individuals to earn up to 300 euros per month without reductions in their benefits. Using variation in the impact of the reforms on incentives between individuals eligible to different types of benefits, we estimate a 17–28% increase in participation in part-time work rate due to the implementation of earnings disregards. However, we find no evidence of economically significant positive or negative effects of increased participation in part-time work on transitions to full-time employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The puzzles of daily life: The temporal orders of families when parents have non-standard work schedules (2023)
Zitatform
Siippainen, Anna, Johanna Närvi & Maarit Alasuutari (2023): The puzzles of daily life: The temporal orders of families when parents have non-standard work schedules. In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 32, H. 3, S. 291-305. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12576
Abstract
"This article investigates the temporal orders of families as the daily rhythms and schedules when one or both parents work non-standard hours. Our focus is especially on the often asynchronous times of non-standard work, on one hand, and of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services and other institutions, on the other hand. The data consist of semi-structured qualitative interviews of Finnish parents with a four-year-old child. The results show that the asynchronous times generated by non-standard working hours cause a wide range of collisions both in relation to childcare and ECEC and to the division of labour between parents. The parents are ‘wrestling’, not only because of the asynchrony of their own work but also because of the ‘pedagogical rhythm’ created by ECEC professionals. However, the parents also find ways to manage time, facilitated by workplace flexibility or spousal negotiations over the sharing of responsibilities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Atypical work and unemployment protection in Europe (2021)
Xavier Jara, H.; Tumino, Alberto;Zitatform
Xavier Jara, H. & Alberto Tumino (2021): Atypical work and unemployment protection in Europe. In: Journal of Common Market Studies, Jg. 59, H. 3, S. 535-555. DOI:10.1111/jcms.13099
Abstract
"This paper evaluates the degree of income protection the tax-benefit system provides to atypical workers in the event of unemployment. Our approach relies on simulating transitions from employment to unemployment for the entire workforce in EU member states to compare household financial circumstances before and after the transition. Our results show that coverage rates of unemployment insurance are low among atypical workers, who are also more exposed to the risk of poverty, both while in work and in unemployment. Low work intensity employees are characterized by high net replacement rates. However, this is due to the major role played by market incomes of other household members. Finally, we show that in countries where self-employed workers are not eligible for unemployment insurance benefits, extending the eligibility to this group of workers would increase their replacement rates and make them less likely to fall into poverty in the event of unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Disclosing 'masked employees' in Europe: job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers' (2020)
Millán, Ana; Millán, José María; Caçador-Rodrigues, Leonel;Zitatform
Millán, Ana, José María Millán & Leonel Caçador-Rodrigues (2020): Disclosing 'masked employees' in Europe: job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers'. In: Small business economics, Jg. 55, H. 2, S. 461-474. DOI:10.1007/s11187-019-00245-7
Abstract
"In this study, we examine whether job control, job demands and job outcomes of 'dependent self-employed workers', i.e. the workers in this particular grey zone between employment and self-employment, are more similar to those of the self-employed or paid employed. To this end, we use microdata drawn from the 2010 wave of the European Working Conditions Survey for 34 European countries. First, we develop and validate a psychometrically sound multidimensional scale for these 3 key constructs by conducting both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Then, multilevel (hierarchical) linear regressions are used to test the validity of our hypotheses. Our results suggest that these hybrid work relationships are endowed with the least favourable attributes of both groups: lower job control than self-employed workers, higher job demands than paid employees and, overall, worse job outcomes than both." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The dynamism of the new economy: Non-standard employment and access to social security in EU-28 (2019)
Avlijaš, Sonja;Zitatform
Avlijaš, Sonja (2019): The dynamism of the new economy: Non-standard employment and access to social security in EU-28. (LEQS – LSE 'Europe in Question' Discussion Paper Series 141), London, 76 S.
Abstract
"This paper examines the prevalence of non-standard workers in EU-28, rules for accessing social security, and these workers' risk of not being able to access it. It focuses on temporary and part-time workers, and the self-employed, and offers a particularly detailed analysis of their access to unemployment benefits. It focuses on eligibility, adequacy (net income replacement rates) and identifies those workers which are at the greatest risk of either not receiving benefits or receiving low benefits. It offers a special overview of foreign non-standard workers, who may be particularly vulnerable due to the absence of citizenship in the host country. The paper also analyses access to maternity and sickness benefits for these three groups of workers, as well as their access to pensions. Its key contribution is in bringing together the different dimensions of disadvantage that non-standard workers face vis-à-vis access to social protection. This allows us to comprehensively assess the adaptation of national social security systems across EU-28 to the changing world of work over the past 10 years. The paper shows that there is a lot of variation between the Member States, both in the structure of their social security systems, as well as the prevalence of non-standard work. Most notably, the paper concludes that: i) access to unemployment benefits is the most challenging component of welfare state provision for people in non-standard employment; ii) policy reforms vis-à-vis access to social benefits have improved the status of non-standard workers in several countries, while they have worsened it in others, particularly in Bulgaria, Ireland and Latvia; iii) some Eastern European countries can offer lessons to other Member States due to their experiences with labour market challenges during transition and the subsequent adaptations of their social security systems to greater labour market flexibility. The paper also implies that a country's policy towards nonstandard work" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Part-time employment as a way to increase women's employment: (Where) does it work? (2019)
Zitatform
Barbieri, Paolo, Giorgio Cutuli, Raffaele Guetto & Stefani Scherer (2019): Part-time employment as a way to increase women's employment: (Where) does it work? In: International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Jg. 60, H. 4, S. 249-268. DOI:10.1177/0020715219849463
Abstract
"Part-time employment has repeatedly been proposed as a solution for integrating women into the labor market; however, empirical evidence supporting a causal link is mixed. In this text, we investigate the extent to which increasing part-time employment is a valid means of augmenting women's labor market participation. We pay particular attention to the institutional context and the related characteristics of part-time employment in European countries to test the conditions under which this solution is a viable option. The results reveal that part-time employment may strengthen female employment in Continental Europe and especially in Southern Europe, where an increase in part-time employment - even if it is demand-side driven - leads to greater employment participation among women. We also discuss some policy implications and trade-offs: Although part-time work can lead to higher numbers of employed women, it does so at the cost of increasing gendered labor market segregation. We analyze data from the European Labor Force Survey (EU-LFS) 1992 - 2011 for 19 countries and 188 regions and exploit regional variation over time while controlling for time-constant regional characteristics, time-varying regional labor market features, and (time-varying) confounding factors at the national level." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The structural determinants of the labor share in Europe (2019)
Dimova, Dilyana;Zitatform
Dimova, Dilyana (2019): The structural determinants of the labor share in Europe. (IMF working paper 2019,67), Washington, DC, 41 S.
Abstract
"The labor share in Europe has been on a downward trend. This paper finds that the decline is concentrated in manufacture and among low- to mid-skilled workers. The shifting nature of employment away from full-time jobs and a rollback of employment protection, unemployment benefits and unemployment benefits have been the main contributors. Technology and globalization hurt sectors where jobs are routinizable but helped others that require specialized skills. High-skilled professionals gained labor share driven by productivity aided by flexible work environments, while low- and mid-skilled workers lost labor share owing to globalization and the erosion of labor market safety nets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary employment at labour market entry in Europe: labour market dualism, transitions to secure employment and upward mobility (2019)
Zitatform
Passaretta, Giampiero & Maarten H. J. Wolbers (2019): Temporary employment at labour market entry in Europe. Labour market dualism, transitions to secure employment and upward mobility. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 40, H. 2, S. 382-408. DOI:10.1177/0143831X16652946
Abstract
"This article focuses on school-leavers who enter employment with a temporary contract in the European context, and examines their probabilities to shift to standard employment or unemployment, and their chances of occupational mobility afterwards. The authors argue that two institutional dimensions of insider - outsider segmentation drive the career progression after a flexible entry: the gap between the regulation of permanent and temporary contracts and the degree of unionization. The analyses show that a disproportionate protection of permanent compared to temporary contracts increases the probability of remaining on a fixed-term contract, whereas the degree of unionization slightly decreases the chance of moving to jobs with higher or lower socio-economic status. Finally, a shift to permanent employment after a fixed-term entry is more often associated with occupational upward mobility in strongly rather than weakly unionized labour markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The new normal of working lives: critical studies in contemporary work and employment (2018)
Taylor, Stephanie; Luckman, Susan;Zitatform
Taylor, Stephanie & Susan Luckman (Hrsg.) (2018): The new normal of working lives. Critical studies in contemporary work and employment. (Dynamics of virtual work), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 356 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-66038-7
Abstract
"This critical, international and interdisciplinary edited collection investigates the new normal of work and employment, presenting research on the experience of the workers themselves. The collection explores the formation of contemporary worker subjects, and the privilege or disadvantage in play around gender, class, age and national location within the global workforce.
Organised around the three areas of: creative working, digital working lives, and transitions and transformations, its fifteen chapters examine in detail the emerging norms of work and work activities in a range of occupations and locations. It also investigates the coping strategies adopted by workers to manage novel difficulties and life circumstances, and their understandings of the possibilities, trajectories, mobilities, identities and potential rewards of their work situations." (Publisher information, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Inhalt: Stephanie Taylor, Susan Luckman Collection Introduction: The 'New Normal' of Working Lives (1-15);
Part I Creative Working ;
Susan Luckman, Jane Andrew: Online Selling and the Growth of Home-Based Craft Micro-enterprise: The 'New Normal' of Women's Self-(under)Employment (19-39);
Ana Alacovska: Hope Labour Revisited: Post-socialist Creative Workers and Their Methods of Hope (41-63);
Karen Cross: From Visual Discipline to Love-Work: The Feminising of Photographic Expertise in the Age of Social Media (65-85);
Frédérick Harry Pitts: Creative Labour, Before and After 'Going Freelance': Contextual Factors and Coalition-Building Practices (87-107);
Frédérik Lesage: Searching, Sorting, and Managing Glut: Media Software Inscription Strategies for 'Being Creative' (109-126);
Part II Digital Working Lives ;
Katariina Mäkinen: Negotiating the Intimate and the Professional in Mom Blogging (129-146);
Daniel Ashton, Karen Patel: Vlogging Careers: Everyday Expertise, Collaboration and Authenticity (147-169);
Johanna Koroma, Matti Vartiainen: From Presence to Multipresence: Mobile Knowledge Workers' Densified Hours (171-200);
Iva Josefssonn: Affectual Demands and the Creative Worker: Experiencing Selves and Emotions in the Creative Organisation (201-217);
Silvia Ivaldi, Ivana Pais, Giuseppe Scaratti: Coworking(s) in the Plural: Coworking Spaces and New Ways of Managing (219-241);
Part III Transitions and Transformations ;
Kori Allan: 'Investment in Me': Uncertain Futures and Debt in the Intern Economy (245-263);
Hanna-Mari Ikonen: Letting Them Get Close: Entrepreneurial Work and the New Normal (265-283);
Elin Vadelius: Self-Employment in Elderly Care: A Way to Self-Fulfilment or Self-Exploitation for Professionals? (285-308);
Ingrid Biese, Marta Choroszewicz: Creating Alternative Solutions for Work: Expertences of Women Managers and Lawyers in Poland and the USA (309-325);
Stephanie Taylor: Beyond Work? New Expectations and Aspirations (327-345). -
Literaturhinweis
Modern working life: A blurring of the boundaries between secondary and primary labour markets? (2017)
Dekker, Fabian; Veen, Romke van der;Zitatform
Dekker, Fabian & Romke van der Veen (2017): Modern working life: A blurring of the boundaries between secondary and primary labour markets? In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 38, H. 2, S. 256-270. DOI:10.1177/0143831X14563946
Abstract
"Today, there is a widespread suggestion that permanent workers are increasingly subject to precarious working conditions. Due to international competition and declining union density, job qualities of permanent workers are assumed to be under strain. According to proponents of a democratization of risk rationale, low job qualities that were traditionally attached to secondary labour markets are transferred to workers in primary segments of the labour market. In this study, the authors test this theoretical rationale among workers in 11 Western European economies, using two waves of the European Working Conditions Survey. The results do not confirm a democratization of labour market risk. Lower job qualities are highly associated with flexible employment contracts and highlight a clear gap between insiders and outsiders." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do firms demand temporary workers when they face workload fluctuation?: cross-country firm-level evidence (2017)
Dräger, Vanessa; Marx, Paul;Zitatform
Dräger, Vanessa & Paul Marx (2017): Do firms demand temporary workers when they face workload fluctuation? Cross-country firm-level evidence. In: ILR review, Jg. 70, H. 4, S. 942-975. DOI:10.1177/0019793916687718
Abstract
"The growth of temporary employment is one of the most important transformations of labor markets in the past decades. Theoretically, firms' exposure to short-term workload fluctuations is a major determinant of employing temporary workers when employment protection for permanent workers is high. The authors investigate this relationship empirically with establishment-level data in a broad comparative framework. They create two novel data sets by merging 1) data on 18,500 European firms with 2) measures of labor-market institutions for 20 countries. Results show that fluctuations increase the probability of hiring temporary workers by 8 percentage points in countries with strict employment protection laws. No such effect is observed in countries with weaker employment protections. Results are robust to subgroups, subsamples, and alternative estimation strategies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa (2016)
Zitatform
Bachmann, Ronald & Julia Bredtmann (2016): Die Rolle befristeter Beschäftigung in Europa. In: Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik, Jg. 65, H. 3, S. 270-298. DOI:10.1515/zfwp-2016-0017
Abstract
"Befristete Verträge werden in vielen Ländern der Europäischen Union als Instrument, Arbeitsmärkte flexibel zu gestalten, eingesetzt. Ein internationaler Vergleich zeigt, dass die befristete Beschäftigung nur bedingt die Durchlässigkeit der Arbeitsmärkte unterstützt. Zwar erleichtert sie teilweise den Arbeitsmarktzugang, führt aber auch zu instabilen Beschäftigungsverhältnissen und segmentierten Arbeitsmärkten, die mit einer geringen Sprungbrettfunktion der befristeten Beschäftigung einhergehen. Um nachhaltige Beschäftigung zu schaffen, erscheinen Reformen des Kündigungsschutzes, die Übergange in reguläre Jobs erleichtern, sowie Investitionen in Aus- und Weiterbildung als sinnvolle Alternativen" (Autorenreferat, © De Gruyter)
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Literaturhinweis
Parenthood, child care, and nonstandard work schedules in Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Bünning, Mareike & Matthias Pollmann-Schult (2016): Parenthood, child care, and nonstandard work schedules in Europe. In: European Societies, Jg. 18, H. 4, S. 295-314. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2016.1153698
Abstract
"An increasing proportion of the European labor force works in the evening, at night or on weekends. Because nonstandard work schedules are associated with a number of negative outcomes for families and children, parents may seek to avoid such schedules. However, for parents with insufficient access to formal child care, working nonstandard hours or days may be an adaptive strategy used to manage child-care needs. It enables 'split-shift' parenting, where parents work alternate schedules, allowing one of the two to be at home looking after the children. This study examines the prevalence of nonstandard work schedules among parents and nonparents in 22 European countries. Specifically, we ask whether the provision of formal child care influences the extent to which parents of preschool-aged children work nonstandard schedules. Using data from the European Social Survey and multilevel models, we find evidence that the availability of formal child care reduces nonstandard work among parents. This indicates that access to formal child care enables parents to work standard schedules. To the extent that nonstandard work schedules are negatively associated with child wellbeing, access to formal child care protects children from the adverse effects of their parents' evening and night work." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Hanging in, but only just: part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis (2016)
Zitatform
Horemans, Jeroen, Ive Marx & Brian Nolan (2016): Hanging in, but only just. Part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis. In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 5, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1186/s40174-016-0053-6
Abstract
"The crisis has deepened pre-existing concerns regarding low-wage and non-standard employment. Countries where unemployment increased most strongly during the crisis period also saw part-time employment increasing, particularly involuntary part-time work. With involuntary part-time workers, as a particular group of underemployed, facing especially high poverty rates, this was accompanied by an increase, on average, in the poverty risk associated with working part-time. However, this was not reflected in a marked increase in the overall in-work poverty rate because full-time work remains dominant and its poverty risk did not change markedly. The household context is of the essence when considering policy implications." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The structure of the permanent job wage premium: evidence from Europe (2016)
Zitatform
Kahn, Lawrence M. (2016): The structure of the permanent job wage premium. Evidence from Europe. In: Industrial relations, Jg. 55, H. 1, S. 149-178. DOI:10.1111/irel.12129
Abstract
"Using longitudinal data on individuals from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for thirteen countries during 1995-2001, I investigate the wage premium for permanent jobs relative to temporary jobs. The countries are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. I find that among men the wage premium for a permanent vs. temporary job is lower for older workers and native born workers; for women, the permanent job wage premium is lower for older workers and those with longer job tenure. Moreover, there is some evidence that among immigrant men, the permanent job premium is especially high for those who migrated from outside the European Union. These findings all suggest that the gain to promotion into permanent jobs is indeed higher for those with less experience in the domestic labor market. In contrast to the effects for the young and immigrants, the permanent job pay premium is slightly smaller on average for women than for men, even though on average women have less experience in the labor market than men do. It is possible that women even in permanent jobs are in segregated labor markets. But as noted, among women, the permanent job wage premium is higher for the young and those with less current tenure, suggesting that even in the female labor market, employers pay attention to experience differences." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mothers' non-standard working and childcare-related challenges: a comparison between lone and coupled mothers (2016)
Zitatform
Moilanen, Sanna, Vanessa May, Eija Räikkönen, Eija Sevón & Marja-Leena Laakso (2016): Mothers' non-standard working and childcare-related challenges. A comparison between lone and coupled mothers. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 36, H. 1/2, S. 36-52. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-11-2014-0094
Abstract
"Purpose
- The purpose of this paper is to particularly focus on lone-mother families, comparing the childcare-related challenges experienced by working lone mothers and coupled mothers in three European countries in the context of a 24/7 economy and non-standard working hours (e.g. evening, night and weekend work).
Design/methodology/approach
- This study utilises survey data from Finnish, Dutch and British working mothers (n=1,106) collected as part of the 'Families 24/7' research project. Multivariate regression analysis is used to analyse the associations between childcare-related challenges, maternal non-standard working, lone motherhood and country of residence.
Findings
- The results indicated similar results across the three countries by showing that working lone mothers experience childcare-related challenges more often compared with coupled mothers. Furthermore, an increase in maternal non-standard working associated positively with increased childcare-related challenges in both lone mother and coupled families but lone motherhood did not moderate this association. The findings suggest that, regardless of family form, families in all three countries struggle with childcare arrangements when the mother works during non-standard hours. This possibly relates to the inadequate provision of state-subsidised and flexible formal childcare during non-standard hours and to the country-specific maternal work hours cultures.
Originality/value
- This study responds to the need for comparative research on the reconciliation of maternal non-standard working and childcare with self-collected data from three European welfare states. The importance of the study is further highlighted by the risks posed to the maintenance of maternal employment and family well-being when reconciliation of work and childcare is unsuccessful, especially in lone-mother families." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Mothers' non-standard working schedules and family time: enhancing regularity and togetherness (2016)
Zitatform
Murtorinne-Lahtinen, Minna, Sanna Moilanen, Mia Tammelin, Anna Rönkä & Marja-Leena Laakso (2016): Mothers' non-standard working schedules and family time. Enhancing regularity and togetherness. In: The international journal of sociology and social policy, Jg. 36, H. 1/2, S. 119-135. DOI:10.1108/IJSSP-02-2015-0022
Abstract
"Purpose
- The purpose of this paper is to investigate Finnish working mothers' experiences of the effects of non-standard working schedules (NSWS) on family time in two family forms, coupled and lone-parent families. Furthermore the aim is to find out what meanings mothers with NSWS attached to family time paying particular attention to the circumstances in which mothers experienced NSWS positively.
Design/methodology/approach
- Thematic analysis of 20 semi-structured interviews was used to investigate mothers' experiences of the effects of NSWS on family time.
Findings
- The key factor generating positive experiences was the ability to maintain regularity and togetherness, which was enhanced by specific features of work, such as autonomy and regularity, and successful child care arrangements. Also important were the values mothers associated with family time. The results highlighted the more problematic situation of lone-parent families.
Research limitations/implications
- The main limitation of this study was the small sample size.
Practical implications
- The findings show how the parents of small children benefit from the regularity and flexibility in their working hours. Owing to irregular and varying working times, flexible around-the-clock childcare is needed. In Finland, an important question is how to organize the care of small school-aged children. Lone mothers, especially, may need services to help with domestic chores and childcare.
Social implications
- A non-resident parent can also be an important source of childcare. Therefore policymakers should take into account family type, including consideration of the rights to childcare of non-resident parents.
Originality/value
- This study adds to the literature by explaining more in depth, through the richness of qualitative data, the circumstances in which mothers experience NSWS positively." (Author's abstract, © Emerald Group) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Flexiblework and immigration in Europe (2015)
Raess, Damian; Burgoon, Brian;Zitatform
Raess, Damian & Brian Burgoon (2015): Flexiblework and immigration in Europe. In: BJIR, Jg. 53, H. 1, S. 94-111. DOI:10.1111/bjir.12022
Abstract
"Immigration has risen substantially in many European economies, with farreaching if still uncertain implications for labour markets and industrial relations. This article investigates such implications, focusing on employment flexibility, involving both 'external flexibility' (fixed-term or temporary agency and/or involuntary part-time work) and 'internal flexibility' (overtime and/or balancing-time accounts). The article identifies reasons why immigration should generally increase the incidence of such flexibility, and why external flexibility should rise more than internal flexibility. The article supports these claims using a dataset of establishments in 16 European countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Psychological well-being, job strain and education among young Finnish precarious employees (2014)
Ek, Ellen; Sirviö, Anitta; Taanila, Anja; Koiranen, Markku;Zitatform
Ek, Ellen, Anitta Sirviö, Markku Koiranen & Anja Taanila (2014): Psychological well-being, job strain and education among young Finnish precarious employees. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 115, H. 3, S. 1057-1069. DOI:10.1007/s11205-013-0263-5
Abstract
"This study examined the effect of precarious work (temporary and part-time present employment and unstable work history) on psychological well-being among young employees at age 31, controlling for prior mental disorders, education and job strain. The data of 1,070 women and 1,030 men was derived from the prospective unselected population-based Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort study. Results of univariate logistic regression models showed that among men, precarious work associated with all psychological well-being outcomes. Among women, only depressive symptoms at 31 years associated with precarious work. Among both genders, the association between precarious work and well-being outcomes diminished to a statistically non-significant level in multivariate analyses including prior mental diagnosis, education level and job strain. In the final multivariate logistic regression models, job strain and education level were the strongest factors associating with the well-being outcomes. The association between depression symptoms and precarious work was strongest in the highest educational class among men. These results emphasize the role of education and job strain in the enhancement of psychological well-being among young employees doing precarious work. The role of education seems to differ among genders, so that for women education acts as a resource also in precarious work while among highly educated men, not having a stable employment history increases the risk for depressive symptoms." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Offshoring of jobs and internationalisation of production: empirical investigations of labour market and welfare state effects in Denmark and the Nordic countries (2014)
Zitatform
Refslund, Bjarke & Jørgen Goul Andersen (2014): Offshoring of jobs and internationalisation of production. Empirical investigations of labour market and welfare state effects in Denmark and the Nordic countries. (CCWS working paper 84), Aalborg, 73 S.
Abstract
"This research report seeks to assess the impact of globalization on the labour market and the welfare state in the Nordic countries, with a special emphasis on Denmark. Our key interest is the impact on employment and employment structures: How many jobs are lost because they are moved out of the country? To what extent are these jobs replaced by new jobs? How are the new job positions as compared to the old ones? Needless to say, the answers to these questions have important implications for the labour market, for industrial relations, and for the welfare state in general." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Fixed-term contracts, economic conjuncture, and training opportunities: a comparative analysis across European labour markets (2013)
Zitatform
Cutuli, Giorgio & Raffaele Guetto (2013): Fixed-term contracts, economic conjuncture, and training opportunities. A comparative analysis across European labour markets. In: European Sociological Review, Jg. 29, H. 3, S. 616-629. DOI:10.1093/esr/jcs011
Abstract
"Our work aims to bring together two research fields: the debate concerning different labour market flexibilization strategies and the determinants of training chances. The purpose of our work is therefore to assess the trade-off between temporary employment and training opportunities in a comparative analysis of three groups of countries characterized by different levels of labour market segmentation and training coverage. Particular attention is paid to the impact of the 2008 economic downturn in shaping training opportunities for contingent workers. Our research questions are investigated using three pooled rounds of the European Social Survey (2004, 2006, and 2008). While regression analyses partially confirm the negative effects of fixed-term contracts (FTCs) on training opportunities, a counterfactual analysis shows a retrenchment in training provisions among temporary workers only in strongly segmented labour markets, where FTCs constitute a more homogeneous marginal group, highly stratified in terms of age, gender, unemployment experience, and social class." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of temporary employment and employment protection on labour productivity: evidence from an industry-level panel of EU countries (2013)
Lisi, Domenico;Zitatform
Lisi, Domenico (2013): The impact of temporary employment and employment protection on labour productivity. Evidence from an industry-level panel of EU countries. In: Journal for labour market research, Jg. 46, H. 2, S. 119-144., 2013-01-01. DOI:10.1007/s12651-013-0127-0
Abstract
"In den letzten Jahren ermöglichten neue, auf Branchenebene verfügbare Daten eine genauere Evaluation des Einflusses der Arbeitsmarktpolitik als frühere ländervergleichende Analysen. In diesem Aufsatz wird ein branchenspezifisches Panel genutzt, um den Einfluss des Kündigungsschutzes auf befristete und unbefristete Arbeitsverhältnisse in den EU-Ländern zu ermitteln. Die Vorteile dieser Datengrundlage sind vielfältig. Die Methode nutzt sowohl die internationale Variation beim Kündigungsschutz für befristete und unbefristete Arbeitsverhältnisse als auch die Variation von Branche zu Branche. Im Unterschied zur bisherigen Literatur wenden wir die Idee der unterschiedlichen Bindungskraft des Kündigungsschutzes nur für unbefristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse an, während wir für befristete Beschäftigungsverhältnisse eine andere Strategie anwenden, die eine genauere Identifikation des Effekts unbefristeter Beschäftigungsverhältnisse auf die Arbeitsproduktivität ermöglicht. Die theoretische Literatur erlaubt noch keine klare Vorhersage zum Vorzeichen dieses Effekts, da unterschiedliche überzeugende Gründe für Effekte in beide Richtungen bestehen. Daher haben die Ergebnisse der Analyse möglicherweise wichtige politische Implikationen. Unsere Haupterkenntnis ist, dass befristete Verträge einen negativen, wenn auch sehr geringen Effekt auf die Arbeitsproduktivität haben. Desweiteren bestätigt die Analyse, dass Kündigungsschutz bei regulären Arbeitsverträgen das Wachstum der Arbeitsproduktivität in den Branchen drosselt, die auf eine stärkere Beschäftigungsallokation angewiesen sind." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary jobs and job search effort in Europe (2012)
Zitatform
Kahn, Lawrence M. (2012): Temporary jobs and job search effort in Europe. In: Labour economics, Jg. 19, H. 1, S. 113-128. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2011.09.001
Abstract
"Using longitudinal data on individuals from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for eleven countries during 1995 - 2001, I investigate temporary job contract duration and job search effort. The countries are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. I construct a search model for workers in temporary jobs which predicts that shorter duration raises search intensity. Calibration of the model to the ECHP data implies that at least 75% of the increase in search intensity over the life of a 2+ year temporary contract occurs in the last six months of the contract. I then estimate regression models for search effort that control for human capital, pay, local unemployment, and individual and time fixed effects. I find that workers on temporary jobs indeed search harder than those on permanent jobs. Moreover, search intensity increases as temporary job duration falls, and roughly 84% of this increase occurs on average in the shortest duration jobs. These results are robust to disaggregation by gender and by country. These empirical results are noteworthy, since it is not necessary to assume myopia or hyperbolic discounting in order to explain them, although the data clearly also do not rule out such explanations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The European world of temporary employment (2012)
Lancker, Wim Van;Zitatform
Lancker, Wim Van (2012): The European world of temporary employment. In: European Societies, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 83-111. DOI:10.1080/14616696.2011.638082
Abstract
"Departing from growing concerns about in-work poverty and the proliferation of flexible employment, we investigate the association between temporary employment and poverty in a European comparative perspective. In doing so, we focus specifically on possible gender dimensions, because some are concerned that the impact of flexible employment on income security will be different for men and women and that gender inequality will increase. By means of a logistic multilevel model, we analyse recent EU-SILC data for 24 European countries. The results show that the temporarily employed have a higher poverty risk vis-à-vis permanent workers, mainly caused by lower wages. However, the risk factors to become working poor are similar. The poorly educated, young workers and those living in a single earner household with dependent children have an increased probability to live in poverty, whether they are employed on temporary or permanent basis. Differences between European welfare regimes demonstrate that policy constellations influence the magnitude of these risk factors. Counter-intuitively, temporary working women have a lower poverty risk than their male counterparts. They are better protected because they are more often secondary earners in a dual earning household, while men are more often primary earners. This article advances knowledge on the linkages between temporary employment, economic insecurity and gender differences in European welfare states." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary jobs and first child fertility in Finland (2012)
Sutela, Hanna;Zitatform
Sutela, Hanna (2012): Temporary jobs and first child fertility in Finland. In: Community, work & family, Jg. 15, H. 4, S. 425-450. DOI:10.1080/13668803.2012.724887
Abstract
"This study examines the association between temporary employment and first child fertility among 20- to 44-year-old Finnish employees in partnership. In this endeavour, the moderating effects of employer sector and insecurity of employment situation are considered. The data consist of the Finnish Quality of Work Life Surveys 1984, 1990, 1997, 2003 and 2008, to which information from population register on children born to the respondents is merged. With a relatively high total fertility rate, a high female employment rate and a high prevalence of temporary employment among women at the age of family formation, Finland provides an interesting context for studying the association of temporary employment with fertility. The findings confirm a negative association of temporary employment with transition to parenthood in the year following the survey for both men and women. However, the positive association of the public sector employment on fertility is so strong that female temporaries in the public sector are about as likely to have a child as permanent employees in the private sector. Insecurity of employment situation interacts with the type of contract in the case of women. Among those with high levels of insecurity, temporary employees are more likely to opt for motherhood than permanent employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary agency work in the Finnish health care sector: greater flexibility and freedom in the workplace? (2011)
Palukka, Hannele; Tiilikka, Tiina;Zitatform
Palukka, Hannele & Tiina Tiilikka (2011): Temporary agency work in the Finnish health care sector. Greater flexibility and freedom in the workplace? In: Work Organisation, Labour and Globalisation, Jg. 5, H. 1, S. 110-126.
Abstract
"This article explores the views of temporary agency workers on their positions and roles in Finnish health care organisations. lt aims to answer the question of how agency doctors and nurses perceive the content and social dimensions of agency work as well as their exercise of self-determination in agency work. The article is based on a questionnaire survey carried out in 2006, which found that agency employment in the health care sector is regarded as a flexible way of working that allows for considerable freedom. Doctors, in particular, have made the conscious choice to take up agency work, which fits in well with their personal life situations. However, there are definite limits to agency work that do not always favour the young worker or the patient. Agency employment does not provide adequate opportunities for guidance and support. Furthermore, young doctors and nurses do not have enough influence over the design of patient care. Even though flexible agency work is a voluntary choice for many health care professionals, it is necessary to ask whether it severs the connections with previous experiences and circumstances on which practical health care provision is based." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Part-time work and involuntary part-time work in the private service sector in Finland (2008)
Kauhanen, Merja;Zitatform
Kauhanen, Merja (2008): Part-time work and involuntary part-time work in the private service sector in Finland. In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 29, H. 2, S. 217-248. DOI:10.1177/0143831X07088542
Abstract
"This article deals with part-time work and involuntary part-time work in four private service sectors in Finland from the employee's perspective and examining the employers' reasons for using part-time work. According to statistical analyses, women, young people and low-skilled workers have a greater probability of working as part-timers. Temporary and on-call workers also have a higher probability of working as part-timers than permanent workers do. The sector and the size of the firm also influence part-time working. As for involuntary part-time working women, the middle-aged and those with low education have a higher probability of working as involuntary part-timers. Not surprisingly, a larger share of involuntary part-timers would like to work more hours and also search for a new job. They have fewer other sources of income than all the part-timers. The involuntariness of part-time work is also related to the subsistence this kind of work can provide. Employers see reasons of cost and profitability and the peaks in the need for labour as important reasons for using part-time work, which may also prevent the workers' wishes concerning working hours and the part-time work that firms can offer from coinciding." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Time use of the self-employed (2007)
Hyytinen, Ari; Ruuskanen, Olli-Pekka;Zitatform
Hyytinen, Ari & Olli-Pekka Ruuskanen (2007): Time use of the self-employed. In: Kyklos, Jg. 60, H. 1, S. 105-122. DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.2007.00361.x
Abstract
Es ist empirisch sehr gut dokumentiert, dass es befriedigender ist, selbständig zu arbeiten als in einem Unternehmen abhängig beschäftigt zu sein. Diese Unterschiede bezüglich der Arbeitszufriedenheit werden in der Literatur vor allem der starken Vorstellung von Unabhängigkeit zugeschrieben, die der Selbständige hat. In der Studie wird die Zeitnutzung als Quelle unternehmerischer Unabhängigkeit untersucht. Mit Hilfe disaggregierter sequentieller Mikrodaten über die Zeitnutzung kann dokumentiert werden, dass Selbständige effektiv länger arbeiten als Angestellte und dass dies auch für die Abende und die Wochenenden gilt. Obwohl es ein Zeichen von Flexibilität bei der Zeitnutzung ist, wenn man entscheiden kann, wann man eine bestimmte Arbeit leistet, so haben Selbständige doch weniger reine Freizeit und sind im allgemeinen weniger abwesend von der Arbeit, speziell auch im Krankheitsfall sowie an Wochenenden. Hinzu kommt, dass Selbständige mit kleinen Kindern in der Regel auch nach 17 Uhr arbeiten, wenn die kommunalen Kindergärten schließen. Auf der Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse ist es nicht überraschend, dass Selbständige das Gefühl haben, dass sie öfter unter Zeitdruck stehen und sich mehr beeilen müssen als abhängig Beschäftigte. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
The impact of employment protection mandates on demographic temporary employment patterns: international microeconomic evidence (2007)
Zitatform
Kahn, Lawrence M. (2007): The impact of employment protection mandates on demographic temporary employment patterns. International microeconomic evidence. In: The economic journal, Jg. 117, H. 521, S. F333-F356. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0297.2007.02059.x
Abstract
"This article uses 1994-8 International Adult Literacy Survey microdata for Canada, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the UK and the US to study the impact of employment protection laws (EPL) on joblessness and temporary employment by demographic group. More stringent EPL raises relative non-employment rates for youth, immigrants, and, possibly, women, controlling for demographic variables and country dummies. For wage and salary workers, EPL raises the relative incidence of temporary employment for the low skilled, youth, native women, and especially immigrant women. These effects are often stronger in countries with higher levels of collective bargaining coverage." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Altersteilzeit: Erfahrungen und Diskussionen in Deutschland und anderen EU-Ländern (2007)
Lindecke, Christiane; Lehndorff, Steffen; Voss-Dahm, Dorothea;Zitatform
Lindecke, Christiane, Dorothea Voss-Dahm & Steffen Lehndorff (2007): Altersteilzeit. Erfahrungen und Diskussionen in Deutschland und anderen EU-Ländern. (Hans-Böckler-Stiftung. Arbeitspapier 142), Düsseldorf, 78 S.
Abstract
"Zum 31.12.2009 läuft die Förderung der Altersteilzeit durch die Bundesagentur für Arbeit aus. Das Altersteilzeitgesetz besteht darüber hinaus jedoch fort. Daher melden sich unterschiedliche gesellschaftliche Gruppen mit Vorschlägen zu Wort, wie die Altersteilzeit sich zukünftig gestalten sollte. Die Positionen lassen sich mit den beiden Polen 'Beibehalten des Blockmodells und der Vorruhestandsregelung' versus 'Neuorientierung der Altersteilzeit hin zu einem lebenslaufbezogenen Modell mit der Perspektive einer verlängerten Lebensarbeitszeit' beschreiben. An diese Debatte knüpft dieser Literaturbericht an. Wir geben einen Überblick über die historische Entwicklung der Altersteilzeit sowie über Inhalt und Ziele des Altersteilzeitgesetzes. Die Ausführungen über Umfang und Formen der Nutzung der Altersteilzeit machen deutlich, dass die 'echte Teilzeit' im Unterschied zum Blockmodell nur in einem verschwindend geringen Teil der Betriebe umgesetzt wird. Für die meisten Unternehmen und auch den überwiegenden Teil der Beschäftigten hat die Altersteilzeit daher vorher bestehende Vorruhestandsregelungen abgelöst mit der Folge, dass Beschäftigte vor Erreichen der regulären Rentenaltersgrenze vorzeitig in den Ruhestand gehen. Auffallend ist allerdings, dass in kleineren Betrieben, insbesondere im Handwerk, die Grundidee der Altersteilzeit - ältere Beschäftigte vermitteln Wissen und Erfahrung an junge Beschäftigte, während sie ihre Arbeitsbelastung durch eine reduzierte Arbeitszeit senken - umgesetzt wurde. Die Erfahrungen mit graduellen Ausstiegspfaden und besonders der Altersteilzeit in Schweden, Finnland, Dänemark und den Niederlanden geben einen Einblick in die Such- und Experimentierprozesse in anderen europäischen Ländern, die Beschäftigungsquote Älterer zu erhöhen. Der politische Wille ist auch dort, die konkreten institutionellen Regelungen so auszugestalten, dass sich Beschäftigte für einen längeren Verbleib im Erwerbssystem entscheiden. Am Beispiel Schweden wird allerdings deutlich, dass Regulierungen für den graduellen Ausstieg auch in die entgegengesetzte Richtung wirken können: Insbesondere wenn die Altersteilzeit über Subventionen attraktiv gemacht wird, kann von ihr der Impuls zur Reduzierung des Arbeitsangebots Älterer ausgehen, wenn nämlich Beschäftigte ohne die Altersteilzeit ihre Arbeitszeit auch mit zunehmendem Alter unverändert beibehalten hätten. Neben Ausführungen über die Situation in Finnland und Dänemark stellen wir auch die niederländische 'Lebenslaufregelung' vor, in der der Ausstieg aus dem Erwerbsleben in ein lebensphasenspezifisches Arbeitzeitkonto eingebettet ist." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary agency work in the European Union (2007)
Pedersen, Henrik Stener; Mahler, Susan; Hansen, Claus Bo;Zitatform
Pedersen, Henrik Stener, Claus Bo Hansen & Susan Mahler (2007): Temporary agency work in the European Union. Dublin, 18 S.
Abstract
"Overall dissatisfaction with their working conditions and job situation among temporary agency workers would seem to indicate the existence of poor working conditions among this group. However, specific health and quality of work indicators paint a more ambiguous picture. They reveal that the main reasons behind this dissatisfaction are the insecurity inherent in this form of employment and the fact that temporary agency work may often be taken up involuntarily.
The purpose of this report is to study the relationship between TAW and the working conditions and health impacts for the workers. It also aims to promote European learning in relation to TAW through presenting national experiences and good practices. The report has been prepared for the European Working Conditions Observatory (EWCO). The information mainly derives from official national surveys as well as from qualitative studies provided by a network of seven European correspondents. These studies were based on a questionnaire prepared by the report coordinator. The seven countries initially engaged in EWCO are: Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain and Sweden. Results from pan-European sources and, in particular, the European working conditions survey 2000 are included when relevant as a framework for discussion of the national findings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Achieving flexibility through insecurity: A comparison of work environments in fixed-term and permanent jobs in Finland and Canada (2007)
Saloniemi, Antti; Zeytinoglu, Isik Urla;Zitatform
Saloniemi, Antti & Isik Urla Zeytinoglu (2007): Achieving flexibility through insecurity: A comparison of work environments in fixed-term and permanent jobs in Finland and Canada. In: European journal of industrial relations, Jg. 13, H. 1, S. 109-128.
Abstract
"In this comparative study of Finland and Canada, we use representative data to examine work environments in fixed-term and permanent jobs. Results are similar for all workers regardless of whether they are employed on fixed-term or permanent contracts. All workers feel their working hours are inflexible, but feel they have control over the tasks they perform and they have low risk of accident. The only difference is in the feelings of job insecurity: fixed-term workers, in both Finland and Canada, feel more insecure than those in permanent jobs. Our findings indicate that the global trends in flexibility and insecurity permeate all workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen neuer Beschäftigungsformen: kommentierte Zusammenstellung der einschlägigen Literatur (2006)
Friedrichs, Michael; Schröder, Antje Kathrin;Zitatform
Friedrichs, Michael & Antje Kathrin Schröder (2006): Gesundheitliche Auswirkungen neuer Beschäftigungsformen. Kommentierte Zusammenstellung der einschlägigen Literatur. (IGA-Report 10), Essen u.a., 63 S.
Abstract
Die Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über Studien, in denen alternativen Beschäftigungsformen vor allem unter arbeitsmedizinischen Gesichtspunkten behandelt werden. So birgt z.B. die Telearbeit nicht nur Potenziale für ein ausgeglicheneres Verhältnis zwischen Privat- und Berufsleben, sondern gerade durch die Vermengung beider Lebensbereiche auch Gefahren, die etwa aus verkürzten Erholungsphasen resultieren können. Auch befristete Tätigkeiten schaffen zunächst Arbeit, führen aber durch die ständige Angst, die Arbeit wieder verlieren zu können, auch zu psychischen Problemen. Bei Teilzeitarbeit steht der größeren Freizeit ein geringeres Einkommen entgegen. Bei allen diesen alternativen Beschäftigungsformen existieren also Aspekte, die sowohl Licht als auch Schatten auf die gesundheitlichen Perspektiven der Arbeitnehmer werfen können. Es werden daher diejenigen Studien und Arbeiten betrachtet, die versuchen, dieses Szenario auszuleuchten. Daneben wird auch eine Übersicht über die quantitative Bedeutung der verschiedenen Formen alternativer Beschäftigung erstellt. Der Stand der Forschung zum Themenkomplex der so genannten neuen Beschäftigungsformen ist als 'ausgesprochen dünn' zu bezeichnen. Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit der Betroffenen werden nur mit nachrangiger Priorität hinterfragt. Auffällig sind vor allem die Ergebnisse zur Auswirkung auf die allgemeine Sterblichkeit von Teilzeitkräften und befristet Beschäftigten, die mit zwei groß angelegten Studien in Schweden und Finnland als gesichert gelten können. Eine zweite Tendenz scheint in der besseren subjektiven Wahrnehmung des Gesundheitszustandes von prekär Beschäftigten zu bestehen, die sich in einer ganzen Reihe von Studien findet. Vor dem Hintergrund der erhöhten Mortalität wird die Prüfung der Existenz einer solchen Wahrnehmungsverschiebung als Auftrag an die Wissenschaft formuliert. (IAB)
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Literaturhinweis
The working conditions and health of non-permanent employees: are there differences between private and public labour markets? (2006)
Virtanen, Pekka; Saloniemi, Antti; Vahtera, Jussi ; Virtanen, Marianna ; Kivimäki, Mika ; Koskenvuo, Markku;Zitatform
Virtanen, Pekka, Antti Saloniemi, Jussi Vahtera, Mika Kivimäki, Marianna Virtanen & Markku Koskenvuo (2006): The working conditions and health of non-permanent employees. Are there differences between private and public labour markets? In: Economic and Industrial Democracy, Jg. 27, H. 1, S. 39-65. DOI:10.1177/0143831X06061072
Abstract
"Increasing levels of non-permanent employment have raised concern about quality of working life in the public sector. This Finnish study examines whether the public sector can be characterized as a 'model employer' with regard to the working conditions and well-being of fixed-term employees. Compared to the private sector, the difference in the physical load between non-permanent and permanent employees is significantly smaller in the public sector. Comparison of psychosocial strain shows a difference in favour of non-permanent employees, particularly among women working in the public sector. The association between type of employment contract and health is similar in both sectors. The equality between permanent and nonpermanent employees gives reason to benchmark the public sector as a model, even if the present findings may be due partly to sectorspecific occupational structures." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Temporary employment and health: a review (2005)
Virtanen, Marianna ; Kivimäki, Mika ; Joensuu, Matti; Elovainio, Marko; Virtanen, Pekka; Vahtera, Jussi ;Zitatform
Virtanen, Marianna, Mika Kivimäki, Matti Joensuu, Pekka Virtanen, Marko Elovainio & Jussi Vahtera (2005): Temporary employment and health. A review. In: International Journal of Epidemiology, Jg. 34, H. 3, S. 610-622. DOI:10.1093/ije/dyi024
Abstract
"We aimed to review evidence on the relationship between temporary employment and health, and to see whether the association is dependent on outcome measure, instability of employment, and contextual factors. We systematically searched for studies of temporary employment and various health outcomes and critically appraised 27 studies. The review suggests higher psychological morbidity among temporary workers compared with permanent employees. According to some studies, temporary workers also have a higher risk of occupational injuries but their sickness absence is lower. Morbidity may be higher in temporary jobs with high employment instability and in countries with a lower number of temporary workers and unemployed workers. The evidence indicates an association between temporary employment and psychological morbidity. The health risk may depend on instability of temporary employment and the context. Confounding by occupation may have biased some of the studies. Additional research to clarify the role of employment instability, hazard accumulation, and selection is recommended." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The work environment in fixed-term jobs: are poor psychosocial conditions inevitable? (2004)
Zitatform
Saloniemi, Antti, Pekka Virtanen & Jussi Vahtera (2004): The work environment in fixed-term jobs. Are poor psychosocial conditions inevitable? In: Work, employment and society, Jg. 18, H. 1, S. 193-208. DOI:10.1177/0950017004040770
Abstract
"Our concern in this article is to shed light on the relationship between temporary employment and the quality of working life. We analyse empirical data from Finnish working life in the late 1990s, asking whether fixed-term employment poses a threat to the quality of the psychosocial work environment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
-
Atypische Beschäftigung insgesamt
- Gesamtbetrachtungen
- Erosion des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses
- Prekäre Beschäftigung
- Politik, Arbeitslosigkeitsbekämpfung
- Arbeits- und Lebenssituation atypisch Beschäftigter
- Betriebliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Rechtliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Gesundheitliche Aspekte atypischer Beschäftigung
- Beschäftigungsformen
- Qualifikationsniveau
- Alter
- geographischer Bezug
- Geschlecht