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Schiele, Maximilian (2024): The Role of Gender in Asylum Migration to Europe: Analyzing Country-Level Factors of Gendered Selection of Asylum Seekers to Europe. In: Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies online erschienen am 12.01.2024, S. 1-16. DOI:10.1080/15562948.2023.2298515

Abstract

"While 50% of displaced individuals worldwide are female, women comprised only 31% of the people seeking asylum in Europe between 2008 and 2018. This study utilizes data from Eurostat on 5.6 million asylum-seekers between 2008 and 2018 to identify the country-level factors that drive this gendered selection. The effects are calculated using both a random effects panel model and a fixed effects panel model with clustered standard errors. The results suggest that country-level differences in the degree of gendered selection are largely driven by socio-demographic factors related to women’s social position within their country of origin." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Taylor & Francis) ((en))

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Tubergen, Frank van, Irena Kogan, Yuliya Kosyakova & Steffen Pötzschke (2024): Self-selection of Ukrainian refugees and displaced persons in Europe. In: Journal of Refugee Studies, Jg. 37, H. 1, S. 72-96., 2023-11-09. DOI:10.1093/jrs/fead089

Abstract

"The literature on migrants’ self-selection is focused on labour migrants, while little is known about refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). We contribute to this scant literature, by (1) examining a broad set of factors that could determine self-selection, (2) contrasting selfselection profiles of refugees and IDPs, and (3) comparing self-selection profiles of refugees across countries. Specifically, we compare the self-selection profiles of Ukrainian refugees and IDPs with stayers in the months directly following the Russian full-scale invasion in February 2022. We draw on unique, cross-nationally comparative data from the OneUA project, which surveyed Ukrainian refugees and displaced persons in Europe as well as those who stayed in Ukraine in the summer of 2022. More than 24,000 Ukrainian women residing in nine countries participated in this survey. We find systematic empirical patterns of self-selection related to people’s region of origin, family status, and individual-level characteristics." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Oxford University Press) ((en))

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Peters, Marjolein (2023): European Network of Public Employment Services: Trends in PES - Assessment Report on PES Capacity 2022. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 74 S. DOI:10.2767/908915

Abstract

"The report provides an overview of key trends in the development of PES, describing aspects of their capacity and the client services they offer. It is based on PES replies to the annual PES Capacity survey received from 32 PES in July and August 2022. This year, specific information was collected on the cooperation of PES with municipalities and how PES use outsourcing to work with other actors in the labour market ecosystem. Two more important additional topics this year are the impact of the pandemic (continuing from the 2021 report) and the support PES provide to jobseekers from Ukraine." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bertoli, Simone, Herbert Brücker & Jesús Fernández-Huertas Moraga (2022): Do applications respond to changes in asylum policies in European countries? In: Regional Science and Urban Economics, Jg. 93, 2022-01-19. DOI:10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2022.103771

Abstract

"We analyze the role of origin-destination-time specific policy measures in shaping the location choices of asylum seekers across European countries. We estimate a gravity equation that reflects the uncertainty that asylum seekers face concerning the chances of obtaining refugee protection, the processing time and the risk of repatriation. German efforts to expand their processing capacity are correlated with a significant increase in applications from origins with high recognition rates, which were mostly diverted away from Sweden. For Syrians, the observed variations in processing times increased applications in Germany by 16.1 percent, and led to a 35.3 percent reduction in Sweden between 2014 and 2015." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))

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Fasani, Francesco, Tommaso Frattini & Luigi Minale (2020): Lift the Ban? Initial Employment Restrictions and Refugee Labour Market Outcomes. (CReAM discussion paper 2020,10), London, 55 S.

Abstract

"This article investigates the medium to long-term effects on refugee labour market outcomes of the temporary employment bans being imposed in many countries on recently arrived asylum seekers. Using a newly collected dataset covering almost 30 years of employment restrictions together with individual data for refugees entering European countries between 1985 and 2012, our empirical strategy exploits the geographical and temporal variation in employment bans generated by staggered introduction and removal coupled with frequent changes at the intensive margin. We find that exposure to a ban at arrival reduces refugee employment probability in post-ban years by 15%, an impact driven primarily by lower labour market participation. These effects are not mechanical, since we exclude refugees who may still be subject to employment restrictions, are non-linear in ban length, confirming that the very first months following arrival play a key role in shaping integration prospects, and last up to 10 years post arrival. We further demonstrate that the detrimental effects of employment bans are concentrated among less educated refugees, translate into lower occupational quality, and seem not to be driven by selective migration. Our causal estimates are robust to several identification tests accounting for the potential endogeneity of employment ban policies, including placebo analysis of non-refugee migrants and an instrumental variable strategy. To illustrate the costs of these employment restrictions, we estimate a EUR 37.6 billion output loss from the bans imposed on asylum seekers who arrived in Europe during the so-called 2015 refugee crisis." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Andersson, Lars Frederik, Rikard Eriksson & Sandro Scocco (2019): Refugee immigration and the growth of low-wage work in the EU15. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 7, S. 1-19. DOI:10.1186/s40878-019-0145-3

Abstract

"Our paper focuses on current trends in refugee migration and job polarization. In so doing, we assess the role of refugee migration in relation to institutional, technologically 1 and globalization factors in an effort to trace the factors underlying the growth of low-paying occupations in EU 15 between 1995 and 2017. Our empirical findings suggest that refugee migration has a small but positive and statistically significant impact on the growth of low-wage occupations in the EU 15 as a whole. However, the effect is attributed to Southern Europe and the UK and Irish economies. Despite hosting relatively large numbers of refugee migrants, the effects in the Nordic countries and Continental Europe are negligible, if present, and non-existent in the long run (5?years). When including all migrant workers, we find a limited impact on the growth of low-wage work in general, while the impact of immigrant workers from low-income third party countries becomes positive for the UK and Irish economy, but less for other European macro-regions. This suggests that institutional settings can play an important role in how the economy adjusts to migration. It also suggests that traditional fiscal cost calculations in relation to migration are often overestimated, as they implicitly build on the assumption that refugees and general immigration have great impacts on the growth of low-wage occupations." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Chimienti, Milena, Alice Bloch, Laurence Ossipow & Catherine Wihtol de Wenden (2019): Second generation from refugee backgrounds in Europe. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 7, S. 1-15. DOI:10.1186/s40878-019-0138-2

Abstract

"This introduction to the special issue provides a critical state-of-the-art of the literature on second-generation migrants which has hitherto subsumed the case of the children of refugees. It highlights the theoretical and methodological orientations taken by the literature and examines the main findings on the second generation's social, educational, economic, cultural and inter-generational lives, before turning to the few findings available on conditions and performances of children of refugees. The editorial concludes by suggesting gaps in our knowledge and areas for future research." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Koehler, Claudia & Jens Schneider (2019): Young refugees in education: The particular challenges of school systems in Europe. In: Comparative Migration Studies, Jg. 7, S. 1-20. DOI:10.1186/s40878-019-0129-3

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Schenner, Johanna K. & Anders Neergaard (2019): Asylum-seekers and refugees within Europe and labour market integration. In: Transfer, Jg. 25, H. 1, S. 13-24. DOI:10.1177/1024258919829995

Abstract

"Die vorliegende Themenausgabe von Transfer versucht, die unterschiedlichen Erfahrungen von Asylsuchenden, Menschen unter subsidiärem Schutz und Flüchtlingen, die in den Mitgliedsstaaten der EU und den Ländern des EWR Zugang zum Arbeitsmarkt suchen, zu erforschen und nachzuvollziehen. Der erste Teil dieser Einleitung verschafft einen Überblick über diese drei Gruppen von Menschen und über ihren Status in den Arbeitsmärkten der EU-Mitgliedsstaaten und der EWR-Länder. Der zweite Teil liefert Einblicke, wie die entscheidenden Aspekte der Arbeitsmarktintegration von Asylsuchenden, Menschen mit subsidiärem Schutz und Flüchtlingen anhand der Diskursanalyse von Levitas interpretiert werden können. Im dritten Teil werden unterschiedliche Dimensionen des Zugangs zum Arbeitsmarkt untersucht. Im Vordergrund stehen nicht nur der allgemeine Humankapital-Aspekt der Migration, sondern auch zahlreiche kontextuelle Faktoren: der unterschiedliche Zugang zu staatsbürgerlichen Rechten (civic stratification); der breitere gesellschaftliche Kontext einschließlich der öffentlichen Meinung und der Zivilgesellschaft; der Hintergrund und die Situation früher ins Land gekommener Migranten, insbesondere von Asylsuchenden und Flüchtlingen, im Hinblick auf nationale oder Bundesgesetze; die Herkunftsländer von Migranten und letztendlich demographische Entwicklungen in der EU. Der vierte und letzte Teil erläutert und begründet den Schwerpunkt dieser Themenausgabe von Transfer und weist auf die Relevanz der Thematik hin." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Abstract

"This report looks at ways to improve the resilience of systems to deal with the unexpected arrival of large inflows of refugees and other vulnerable migrants. It begins with an overview of the recent flows of migrants seeking protection, discusses the expected economic impact of these flows, and notes what has been an unprecedented multilateral response. It then examines the process of integrating refugees and other vulnerable migrants, in terms of their economic and social outcomes, as well as specific factors of vulnerability. It also provides a comprehensive assessment of the transition policies in place to support their livelihood in destination and transit countries, as well as in origin countries upon return. Finally, the report tackles issues of anticipation, monitoring and reacting, examining the role of early warning mechanisms and the challenge of improving information so as to better monitor integration outcomes and frame policies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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OECD (2019): How do OECD countries compare in their attractiveness for talented migrants? (Migration policy debates 19), Paris, 8 S.

Abstract

"Talented and skilled individuals have a key role to play in countries' future prosperity. They hold jobs that are key for innovation and technological progress and ultimately contribute to stronger economic growth with other employment opportunities and better living conditions for all. OECD countries increasingly compete to attract and retain talented workers notably by adopting more favourable migration policies for the best and the brightest. This competition has led to a convergence of policy frameworks but significant differences in policies and practices remain. Beyond conditions for migration, many other factors contribute to shape countries' attractiveness for foreign talent.
This issue of Migration Policy Debates presents the results of the first edition of the OECD Indicators of Talent Attractiveness, developed by the OECD with support from the Bertelsmann Stiftung. The OECD Indicators of Talent Attractiveness (ITA) measure for the first time the relative attractiveness of countries from a multidimensional perspective focusing on three types of talented migrants: highly skilled workers at master/PhD level, international students in tertiary education and foreign entrepreneurs. This aims at better understanding and comparing strengths and weaknesses of different OECD countries and can help elaborating public policies that are more effective." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Fasani, Francesco, Tommaso Frattini & Luigi Minale (2018): (The struggle for) refugee integration into the labour market. Evidence from Europe. (IZA discussion paper 11333), Bonn, 56 S.

Abstract

"In this paper, we use repeated cross-sectional survey data to study the labour market performance of refugees across several EU countries and over time. In the first part, we document that labour market outcomes for refugees are consistently worse than those for other comparable migrants. The gap remains sizeable even after controlling for individual characteristics as well as for unobservables using a rich set of fixed effects and interactions between area of origin, entry cohort and destination country. Refugees are 11.6 percent less likely to have a job and 22.1 percent more likely to be unemployed than migrants with similar characteristics. Moreover, their income, occupational quality and labour market participation are also relatively weaker. This gap persists until about 10 years after immigration. In the second part, we assess the role of asylum policies in explaining the observed refugee gap. We conduct a difference-in-differences analysis that exploits the differential timing of dispersal policy enactment across European countries: we show that refugee cohorts exposed to these polices have persistently worse labour market outcomes. Further, we find that entry cohorts admitted when refugee status recognition rates are relatively high integrate better into the host country labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Liebig, Thomas & Kristian Rose Tronstad (2018): Triple disadvantage? A first overview of the integration of refugee women. (OECD social, employment and migration working papers 216), Paris, 37 S. DOI:10.1787/3f3a9612-en

Abstract

"45% der Flüchtlinge in Europa sind Frauen. Über ihre Integrationsergebnisse und die spezifischen Herausforderungen, mit denen sie konfrontiert sind, ist jedoch nur wenig bekannt. In diesem Bericht werden frühere Forschungsarbeiten zur Integration weiblicher Flüchtlinge, sowohl im Vergleich zu männlichen Flüchtlingen als auch zu anderen Migrantinnen, zusammengefasst. Darüber hinaus werden neue Vergleichsdaten aus ausgewählten europäischen und nichteuropäischen OECD-Ländern präsentiert. Weibliche Flüchtlinge sind einer Reihe von besonderen Integrationsherausforderungen ausgesetzt. So sind ihre Gesundheits-, Bildungs- und Arbeitsmarktergebnisse beispielsweise ungünstiger als die männlicher Flüchtlinge, die ihrerseits bereits gegenüber anderen Migrantengruppen benachteiligt sind. Zudem ist bei geflüchteten Frauen ein Jahr nach der Ankunft im Aufnahmeland eine Geburtenspitze zu beobachten. Viele weibliche Flüchtlinge kommen aus Ländern, in denen erhebliche Ungleichheiten zwischen Männern und Frauen herrschen und die Frauenerwerbstätigkeit im Allgemeinen gering ist. Allerdings besteht nur eine geringe Korrelation zwischen den Indikatoren der geschlechtsspezifischen Differenzen bei Erwerbsbeteiligung und Beschäftigung in den Herkunfts- und den Aufnahmeländern. Dies lässt den Schluss zu, dass die Integrationsherausforderungen durch beschäftigungs- und bildungspolitische Maßnahmen im Aufnahmeland bewältigt werden können. Der Bericht stellt außerdem fest, dass die Förderung des Erwerbs grundlegender Kompetenzen (Bildungsniveau, Sprache des Aufnahmelandes) zu deutlich verbesserten Arbeitsmarktergebnissen führt. Ferner ist ein generationsübergreifender positiver Effekt auf die Kinder von Flüchtlingsfrauen zu beobachten. Daher scheinen strukturierte Integrationsprogramme, wie sie in den skandinavischen Ländern angeboten werden, eine lohnende Investition zu sein." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Abstract

"Dieser EMN-Synthesebericht fasst die Ergebnisse von nationalen EMN-Studien aus 26 Ländern zu dem Thema 'Unbegleitete Minderjährige - Herausforderungen und Maßnahmen nach der Klärung des aufenthaltsrechtlichen Status in der EU und Norwegen' zusammen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Castellà, Helena (2017): The situation of refugee women in Europe, the Spanish state and Catalonia. Diagnosis and gaps for improvement. (CMC papers 2017,01), Brüssel, 48 S.

Abstract

"In order to take a stand against the discrimination and violation of rights faced by refugee women in Europe, it's important to analyse what these are and how their rights are regulated. With the objective of understanding this specific issue of the current refugee crisis, we have incorporated in this report a diagnosis of the violations of the human rights suffered by refugee women at their country of origin, during transit as well as at their destination. This is followed by an analysis of international, European, and Spanish legislation that could, and should, prevent the violation of their rights." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Fasani, Francesco, Tommaso Frattini & Luigi Minale (2017): The (struggle for) labour market integration of refugees. Evidence from European countries. (CReAM discussion paper 2017,16), London, 53 S.

Abstract

"This paper studies the labour market performance of refugees vis-à-vis comparable migrants across several EU countries and over time. We use recently released repeated cross - sectional survey data and find that refugees are 13% less likely to have a job and 32% more likely to be unemployed than migrants with similar characteristics. Their performance is relatively weaker also when analysing participation in the labour market, quality of occupation and income. Between 60 and 80% of the 'refugee gap' remains unexplained even when conditioning on unobservable factors by means of a rich set of fixed effects for areas of origin, entry cohorts, destination countries as well as their interactions. These gaps are larger for the areas of origin from which most refugees currently arrive and they persist until about ten years after immigration. We also assess the role played by asylum policies. First, we exploit the differential timing of the enactment of dispersal policies across European countries in a difference - in - differences setup and find that refugee cohorts exposed to these polices have persistently worse labour market outcomes. Second, we document how entry cohorts admitted when refugee status' recognition rates were relatively high integrate better in the host country labour market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hatton, Timothy (2017): Refugees and asylum seekers, the crisis in Europe and the future of policy. In: Economic policy, Jg. 32, H. 91, S. 447-496. DOI:10.1093/epolic/eix009

Abstract

"The recent asylum crisis has highlighted the inadequacies of European asylum policies. The existing asylum system, which encourages migrants to make hazardous maritime or overland crossings to gain access to an uncertain prospect of obtaining refugee status, is inefficient, poorly targeted and lacks public support. In the long run it should be replaced by a substantial joint programme of refugee resettlement that would help those most in need of protection, that would eliminate the risks to refugees, and that would command more widespread public support. Analysis of key facts and data includes the determinants of asylum applications and trends in public opinion. In this light I evaluate the feasibility of three elements for reform: first, implementing tougher border controls to reduce unauthorised entry; second, promoting direct resettlement of refugees from countries of first asylum; and third, expanding refugee-hosting capacity through enhanced burden-sharing among destination countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hrbek, Rudolf & Martin Große Hüttmann (Hrsg.) (2017): Hoffnung Europa - Die EU als Raum und Ziel von Migration. (Schriftenreihe des Arbeitskreises Europäische Integration e.V. 96), Baden-Baden: Nomos, 196 S.

Abstract

"Der Band behandelt die Zuwanderungspolitik der EU, vergleicht die Arbeitsmigrationspolitik Deutschlands und Kanadas, beleuchtet Probleme der Binnenwanderung (Freizügigkeit) am Beispiel Großbritanniens und der Schweiz und fragt nach der Bedeutung des Themas Migration für rechtspopulistische Strömungen in Europa." (Verlagsangaben, IAB-Doku)

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Peschner, Jörg (2017): Labour market performance of refugees in the EU. (European Commission. Working paper 2017,01), Brüssel, 24 S. DOI:10.2767/191461

Abstract

"This paper analyses the individual driving factors of refugees' and family migrants' labour market performance, using an ordinal logistic regression model. In a basic model, their employment rate is being regressed against the main socio-demographic characteristics (sex, age, education), before a supplementary model includes other information (years of residence, language skills and information about parents) available through the 2014 ad hoc module of the Labour Force Survey dedicated to migration. A second model extends the analysis towards employment dynamics, i.e., refugees' chances to find employment and their risk to move into unemployment.
The analysis finds evidence that good education helps improve the employment rate of refugees (and family migrants) and their chances of finding a job if unemployed or inactive. However, the improvement is much less significant than it is for native-born workers. Tertiary education, in particular, seems to pay out much less. The analysis concludes that labour market access barriers reduce migrants' performance on the labour market. There are a number of labour market barriers that are beyond control of the migrants themselves, but rather attributed to 'being a migrant': legal obstacles, low acceptance of qualifications acquired abroad as well as discrimination lower the return on education on the labour market. In addition, insufficient language skills are shown to have a large negative effect on the employment rate of refugees and family migrants even after controlling for personal characteristics such as education. Investment into closing the language gap promises a high return to both the newcomers themselves and the economy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Schoukens, Paul & Siemen Buttiens (2017): Social protection of non-removable rejected asylum-seekers in the EU. A legal assessment. In: European Journal of Social Security, Jg. 19, H. 4, S. 313-334. DOI:10.1177/1388262717744708

Abstract

"Asylum-seekers whose application for international protection in the European Union (EU) is rejected receive a return decision. However, the enforcement of this decision may be temporarily impossible due to legal or practical barriers, or policy choices. An assessment of the provisions in the Returns Directive offering social protection to non-removable rejected asylum-seekers shows that only limited standards of protection are guaranteed. Consequently, the EU Member States are left plenty of room to manoeuvre. This article raises the question of what social protection this particular group is legally entitled to in a sample of 17 EU Member States. For the purpose of this article, 'social protection' is defined as access to the labour market, health care and social benefits. This study finds that Member States' approaches differ markedly with respect to each of these three issues. Furthermore, it questions the added value of the current legal framework at the level of the EU. Finally, some suggestions for improving the level of social protection of non-removable rejected asylum seekers are put forward." (Author's abstract, © Intersentia, Ltd.) ((en))

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Aiyar, Shekhar, Bergljot Barkbu, Nicoletta Batini, Helge Berger, Enrica Detragiache, Allan Dizioli, Christian Ebeke, Huidan Lin, Linda Kaltani, Sebastian Sosa, Antonio Spilimbergo & Petia Topalova (2016): The refugee surge in Europe. Economic challenges. (IMF staff discussion note 2016,02), Washington, DC, 50 S.

Abstract

"The dislocation of large parts of the population in Syria and other conflict zones is, first and foremost, a humanitarian catastrophe with important ramifications across many countries in the Middle East, Europe, and beyond. This note focuses on one facet of this complex issue, the economic aspects of the surge in asylum seekers in the European Union (EU), where asylum applications in 2015 have surpassed those in any of the last thirty years. This surge has exposed flaws in the common asylum policy and is raising questions about the EU's ability to quickly integrate the newcomers into the economy and society. Security, political, and social concerns compound these challenges. A better understanding of the economic aspects could help inform the political debate. Policies can help open up the refugees' path to the labor market: restrictions on taking up work during the asylum application phase should be minimized, and active labor market policies (ALMPs) specifically targeted to the refugees strengthened. Wage subsidies to private employers have often been effective in raising immigrants' employment; alternatively, temporary exceptions to minimum or entry level wages may also be considered. Initiatives to ease avenues to self-employment (including access to credit) and facilitate skill recognition could also help refugees succeed." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Bansak, Kirk, Jens Hainmueller & Dominik Hangartner (2016): How economic, humanitarian, and religious concerns shape European attitudes toward asylum seekers. In: Science, Jg. 354, H. 6309, S. 217-222. DOI:10.1126/science.aag2147

Abstract

"What types of asylum seekers are Europeans willing to accept? We conducted a conjoint experiment asking 18,000 eligible voters in 15 European countries to evaluate 180,000 profiles of asylum seekers that randomly varied on nine attributes. Asylum seekers who have higher employability, have more consistent asylum testimonies and severe vulnerabilities, and are Christian rather than Muslim received the greatest public support. These results suggest that public preferences over asylum seekers are shaped by sociotropic evaluations of their potential economic contributions, humanitarian concerns about the deservingness of their claims, and anti-Muslim bias. These preferences are similar across respondents of different age, education, income, and political ideology, as well as across the surveyed countries. This public consensus on what types of asylum seekers to accept has important implications for theory and policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Fóti, Klára & Andrea Fromm (2016): Approaches to the labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 54 S. DOI:10.2806/18416

Abstract

"This report expands on existing research on the labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers as a response to the refugee crisis. It updates information on legislation and practical arrangements in the first half of 2016, examines labour market integration in the broader context of receiving asylum seekers and supporting both them and refugees, and explores the role of the social partners. The study finds that the main countries affected made many efforts to provide faster and easier access to their labour markets for asylum seekers. In some, the social partners have been active in designing more effective labour market integration policies and have launched some promising initiatives. The sudden and large inflow of asylum seekers, however, posed many challenges, and it remains to be seen how those obstacles can be overcome." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Garloff, Alfred (2016): Geflüchtete auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt: Erfahrungen mit Migranten in der Vergangenheit und in anderen Ländern. (Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie. Diskussionspapier 01), Berlin, 11 S.

Abstract

"Ausgehend von der Erkenntnis, dass aufgrund der Einmaligkeit der Flüchtlingswelle des Jahres 2015/2016 nach Deutschland und aufgrund der besonderen Charakteristika von Flüchtlingen eine Beurteilung von deren Effekten auf den Arbeitsmarkt schwierig ist, zeigt das Diskussionspapier Erfahrungen aus früheren Einwanderungsepisoden nach Deutschland sowie aus Erfahrungen anderer Länder auf. Die Erkenntnisse aus der Literatur deuten darauf hin, dass Migranten und insbesondere Flüchtlinge gegenüber Einheimischen in Bezug auf Bildung, Löhne und Beschäftigung schwächer abschneiden. Umstritten ist, wie viel schwächer die Werte für Flüchtlinge ausfallen und inwiefern im Zeitverlauf die Lücke geschlossen werden kann. Die Arbeitsmarktposition einheimischer Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer ist zumeist nur geringfügig durch Zuwanderer betroffen. Falls ungünstige Ergebnisse nachgewiesen wurden, so galt dies vor allem für Geringqualifizierte und vormalige Migranten. In einzelnen Studien sind aber auch positive Effekte auf Löhne und Beschäftigung von geringqualifizierten Einheimischen nachgewiesen worden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Hatton, Timothy J. (2016): Refugees, asylum seekers, and policy in OECD countries. In: The American economic review, Jg. 106, H. 5, S. 441-445. DOI:10.1257/aer.p20161062

Abstract

"Refugees and asylum seekers are only a small proportion of the 60 million forcibly displaced persons. But those seeking asylum in the developed world have received much of the attention as western governments have struggled to develop a policy response. An analysis of asylum applications by origin and destination indicates that these flows are largely driven by political terror and human rights abuses. Poor economic conditions in origin countries and tough asylum policies in destination countries matter too. In the light of the findings I suggest that greater coordination among OECD countries could improve the lot of those fleeing from persecution but even this would make only modest inroads into the sum of human misery that displaced people exemplify." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Jäggi, Christian J. (2016): Migration und Flucht. Wirtschaftliche Aspekte - regionale Hot Spots - Dynamiken - Lösungsansätze. Wiesbaden: Springer, 148 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-13147-0

Abstract

"Dieses Fachbuch ordnet die hochaktuelle Fluchtthematik in größere theoretische Zusammenhänge ein. Dabei werden die wichtigsten globalen Fluchtbewegungen und Migrationsrouten und regionale Hot Spots skizziert, und zwar aus europäischer und insbesondere aus schweizerischer Sicht. Für Migration und Flucht gibt es ökonomische Ursachen, aber auch Krieg, Gewalt und Naturkatastrophen führen dazu, dass eine wachsende Zahl von Menschen ihre Heimat verlässt. Neben Fragen des Überlebens sind oft auch der Wunsch nach einem besseren Leben die Motivation dazu. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Darstellungen der Migrationsforschung geht der Schweizer Autor Christian J. Jäggi nicht von linearen Migrationsverläufen, sondern von gleichzeitigen, bilokalen Lebensformen aus. Die ökonomischen Implikationen von Migration und Flucht sowohl für die Migranten als auch für die Herkunfts- und für die Einwanderungsländer werden dargestellt. Zudem werden internationale und globale Strategien und Lösungsansätze analysiert." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Konle-Seidl, Regina (2016): Labour market integration of refugees. Strategies and good practices. Brüssel, 55 S.

Abstract

"This Policy Department A study provides the Employment and Social Affairs Committee with an analytical review of literature to identify key elements of a strategy for labour market integration of refugees. Strategies and policies are illustrated by examples and good practices from various Member States based upon evidence or expert assessment. The study finds a high degree of international consensus on key elements for a successful integration strategy taking up lessons from the past and research findings. However, a number of challenges for research and policy remain." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Konle-Seidl, Regina (2016): Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen - Determinanten und Erfahrungen in europäischen Ländern. In: Wirtschaftspolitische Blätter, Jg. 63, H. 3, S. 607-621.

Abstract

"Der Beitrag geht auf wesentliche Determinanten der Arbeitsintegration von Fluchtmigranten ein, zeigt noch bestehende rechtliche Hürden des Arbeitsmarktzugangs auf und diskutiert arbeits-und integrationsfördernde Unterstützungsmaßnahmen vor dem Hintergrund der bisherigen Erfahrungen mit der Integration von Flüchtlingen in Europa." (Autorenreferat, © MANZ Verlag, Wien)
Der Beitrag ist eine gekürzte und aktualisierte Fassung einer Studie zur Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen, die Frau Konle-Seidl für das Europäische Parlament verfasst hat.

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Konle-Seidl, Regina (2016): Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen in Europa. In: BBE Europa-Nachrichten H. 5, S. 1-5., 2016-05-24.

Abstract

"Europäische Erfahrungen und Herausforderungen bei der Arbeitsintegration von Flüchtlingen sind das Thema des Gastbeitrages von Regina Konle-Seidl, wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin im Forschungsbereich 'Internationale Vergleiche und Europäische Integration' am Institut für Arbeitsmarkt und Berufsforschung (IAB) in Nürnberg. Im europäischen Vergleich und Austausch lassen sich Erfolgsfaktoren und Hemmnisse identifizieren. Dabei wirken sich auch Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung der Fluchtmigration im Vergleich zu früheren Bewegungen aus. Ohne den Abbau rechtlicher Hürden und aktive Unterstützungsmaßnahmen wird es dabei nicht gehen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Martín, Iván, Albert Arcarons, Jutta Aumüller, Pieter Bevelander, Henrik Emilsson, Sona Kalantaryan, Alastair MacIver, Isilda Mara, Giulia Scalettaris, Alessandra Venturini, Hermine Vidovic, Inge van der Welle, Michael Windisch, Rebecca Wolffberg & Aslan Zorlu (2016): From refugees to workers. Mapping labour-market integration support measures for asylum seekers and refugees in EU member states. Vol. I, Comparative analysis and policy findings. Gütersloh, 58 S.

Abstract

"The study sets out to provide a better understanding of the emerging challenges in policy targeting the labour-market integration of refugees. What are the strategies and practices implemented in different EU Member States to facilitate access into employment? What do we know about their effectiveness? What are good practices and lessons learned in different countries?
The study is based on nine detailed country case studies of the following EU Member States: Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. It has been produced by the Migration Policy Centre (MPC) at the European University Institute in Florence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Martín, Iván, Albert Arcarons, Jutta Aumüller, Pieter Bevelander, Henrik Emilsson, Sona Kalantaryan, Alastair MacIver, Isilda Mara, Giulia Scalettaris, Alessandra Venturini, Hermine Vidovic, Inge van der Welle, Michael Windisch, Rebecca Wolffberg & Aslan Zorlu (2016): From refugees to workers. Mapping labour-market integration support measures for asylum seekers and refugees in EU member states. Vol. II, Literature review and country case studies. Gütersloh, 175 S.

Abstract

"The report sets out to provide a better understanding of the emerging challenges in policy targeting the labour-market integration of refugees. What are the strategies and practices implemented in different EU Member States to facilitate access into employment? What do we know about their effectiveness? What are good practices and lessons learned in different countries?
The study is based on nine detailed country case studies of the following EU Member States: Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. It has been produced by the Migration Policy Centre (MPC) at the European University Institute in Florence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Niebuhr, Annekatrin (2016): Refugees and the labour market. In: RSAI newsletter H. May, S. 10-11., 2016-04-25.

Abstract

"The large influx of refugees to Europe raises the question how this will affect European labour markets. Altogether it is extremely difficult to assess the impact of the current refugee crisis on European labour markets based on the available information. It is impossible to forecast the future development of the inflow of asylum seekers and we lack detailed information on the (professional) qualifications of the refugees. Without doubt, the massive influx of refugees creates immense challenges for the societies in the host regions. And clearly, successful labour market integration of refugees is a precondition for potential benefits to exceed the drawbacks of immigration. This probably calls for accelerated procedures and adjustments with respect to recognizing professional qualifications of the refugees, Job placement, education, training, and in particular access to language courses in the host regions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Poutvaara, Panu & Daniela Wech (2016): Integrating refugees into the labor market. A comparison of Europe and the United States. In: CESifo DICE report, Jg. 14, H. 4, S. 32-43.

Abstract

"There are major differences between Europe and the United States in the size and composition of refugee flows, and in how well or badly refugees are integrated into the labor market. Firstly, the EU receives far more asylum applications than the US, while the US takes many more refugees through a planned resettlement program, in which the applicants are outside the US at the time of submitting their application, than the EU takes in through its regular resettlement programs. Overall, the number of refugees arriving in the EU is much larger. Secondly, there are major differences in the composition of refugee flows. In 2015, over half of asylum applicants in the EU came from Syria, Afghanistan or Iraq; in 2014, one third of applicants came from Syria, Afghanistan and Kosovo. For the US, the largest groups of refugees admitted through resettlement programs in the fiscal year 2014 were the Iraqis and the Burmese, accounting together for almost half of the total number, followed by the Somalis and the Bhutanese. A third of asylum permits were granted to the Chinese. Thirdly, there are major differences in the employment performance of refugees. Integration into the labor market is much faster in the US than in the EU." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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(2016): Flucht und Migration als Herausforderung für Europa. Internationale und nationale Perspektiven aus der Arbeit der Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. Sankt Augustin, 102 S.

Abstract

"Die Flüchtlings- und Migrationskrise lässt keinen Politikbereich und keinen EU-Mitgliedstaat unberührt. Diese Broschüre zeichnet ein vielstimmiges Bild, das nationale und internationale Analysen, Perspektiven und Ausblicke auf diese gewaltige Herausforderung vereint." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Schwarzwälder, Joscha (2016): Arbeitsmarktintegration von Flüchtlingen im EU-Vergleich. Keine Patentlösung in Sicht. (Bertelsmann-Stiftung. Zukunft soziale Marktwirtschaft. Policy brief 2016,03), Gütersloh, 8 S.

Abstract

"Sprachkurse, Praktika, Kompetenzfeststellung und Qualifizierung - überall in Europa suchen Politiker derzeit nach Wegen, um Asylbewerber und Flüchtlinge bei der Integration in Arbeit zu unterstützen. Die Herausforderung ist groß. Denn während die Zahl der Asylanträge europaweit auf Rekordniveau liegt, finden Geflüchtete bisher deutlich seltener und später Beschäftigung als andere Zuwanderer." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Weber, Franziska (2016): Labour market access for asylum seekers and refugees under the common European asylum system. In: European Journal of Migration and Law, Jg. 18, H. 1, S. 34-64. DOI:10.1163/15718166-12342089

Abstract

"The paper identifies a policy inconsistency between the EU's asylum and the EU's labour migration policies and makes a call for stronger convergence. The analysis starts off by setting out the EU's current and future economic challenges with a view to its ageing population and low fertility rates, which displays the EU's need for migrants. Two trends can be observed: The lacking success of Europe's highly-skilled regime, i.e. the Blue Card scheme, casts doubts on the suitability of the EU's labour migration policy and its ability to meet the EU's labour market's needs this way. Labour market access for people that come to the EU to seek asylum on the other hand is subject to quite a number of restrictions. The lack of coordination seems short-sighted. In an attempt to advocate for stronger coherence the paper sets out the rights to access the EU labour market of those who come to the EU as asylum seekers in detail and explores reform potential where these rights can be expanded consistent with the EU's labour market needs. It looks at EU law in general and refers to Germany as an implementation example." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

OECD (2016): Erfolgreiche Integration. Flüchtlinge und sonstige Schutzbedürftige. (Erfolgreiche Integration 01), Paris, 75 S. DOI:10.1787/9789264251632-de

Abstract

"Die OECD-Publikationsreihe 'Erfolgreiche Integration' beruht auf zentralen Erkenntnissen aus den Arbeiten der OECD zur Integrationspolitik, insbesondere den Länderstudien der Reihe Jobs for Immigrants. Ziel ist es, in leicht verständlicher, überblicksartiger Form die wichtigsten Herausforderungen und empfehlenswerten politischen Praktiken bei der Förderung der dauerhaften Integration von Zuwanderern und ihren Kindern für ausgewählte wesentliche Zielgruppen und Integrationsbereiche darzustellen. Jeder Band enthält zehn Empfehlungen sowie Beispiele für empfehlenswerte Praktiken, die durch synthetische Vergleiche des integrationspolitischen Rahmens in den einzelnen OECD-Ländern ergänzt werden, die sich auf bisherige Erfahrungen stützen. Der erste Band befasst sich mit Flüchtlingen und sonstigen schutzbedürftigen Personen, die als humanitäre Zuwanderer bezeichnet werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Abstract

"This paper is a joint effort by the OECD and the European Commission to make a first evaluation of the situation on refugees on the labour market. It is based on the 2014 EU Labour Force Survey. Available evidence confirms that refugees are one of the most vulnerable groups when it comes to labour market integration but show however, significant differences across European countries." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"Die hohe Zahl an geflüchteten Menschen beeinflusst die Entwicklung am deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. Die Broschüre 'Arbeitsmarkt in Kürze: Fluchtmigration' gibt in Form von Tabellen und Schaublidern einen schnellen Überblick über Zahlen, Daten und Fakten zu den bereits sichtbaren Auswirkungen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Brenke, Karl (2015): Flüchtlinge sind sehr ungleich auf die EU-Länder verteilt. Auch bezogen auf die Wirtschaftskraft und Einwohnerzahl. In: DIW-Wochenbericht, Jg. 82, H. 39, S. 867-881.

Abstract

"In die Europäische Union kommen derzeit so viele Asylbewerber wie noch nie. Dabei sind die Schutzsuchenden recht ungleich auf die Mitgliedstaaten der EU verteilt: Große Länder wie das Vereinigte Königreich, Frankreich, Italien und Spanien haben eine relativ geringe Zahl von Asylbewerbern aufgenommen. Auch in den osteuropäischen Ländern mit Ausnahme Ungarns wurden im ersten Halbjahr 2015 vergleichsweise wenige Asylanträge gestellt. Weitaus mehr Flüchtlinge kommen nach Mitteleuropa, nach Schweden sowie in kleine Staaten an der Peripherie (Malta, Zypern und Bulgarien). Deutschland nimmt ebenfalls überdurchschnittlich viele Asylsuchende auf - gemessen an der Einwohnerzahl fast dreimal so viele und gemessen an der Wirtschaftskraft etwa doppelt so viele wie bei einer gleichmäßigen Verteilung auf alle EU-Länder. Die regionale Konzentration der Asylsuchenden dürfte noch weiter zunehmen, weil einige Länder bei der Flüchtlingspolitik nunmehr restriktiver agieren. Daher ist es dringend erforderlich, dass sich die EU-Staaten auf eine gleichmäßigere und somit als faire wahrgenommene Verteilung der Flüchtlinge einigen. In Deutschland wurde in den ersten sieben Monaten dieses Jahres 37 Prozent der Asylsuchenden nach Beendigung des Asylverfahrens ein Schutzstatus zuerkannt. Die Integration der anerkannten Flüchtlinge in den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt fällt den verfügbaren Daten zufolge allerdings sehr schwer. Die Zahl der Arbeitslosen ist - ausgehend von einem niedrigen Niveau - bei den Personen mit der Nationalität der wichtigsten Flüchtlingsstaaten stark gestiegen. So gibt es unter allen in Deutschland lebenden Syrern mit einem Aufenthaltstitel inzwischen mehr Arbeitslose als sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigte. Nur wenig besser ist die Relation bei den aus dem Irak, aus Afghanistan, Somalia und Eritrea stammenden Personen. Dementsprechend ist der Anteil der Bezieher von Hartz-IV-Leistungen hoch. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass sich diese Probleme deutlich abmildern werden, je länger die anerkannten Flüchtlinge in Deutschland leben und je besser sie die deutsche Sprache beherrschen. Deren Erlernen sollte besser unterstützt werden." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

Zitatform

Brücker, Herbert, Andreas Hauptmann & Parvati Trübswetter (2015): Asyl- und Flüchtlingsmigration in die EU und nach Deutschland. (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung. Aktuelle Berichte 08/2015), Nürnberg, 27 S.

Abstract

"Dieser Bericht befasst sich mit dem Umfang der Asyl- und Flüchtlingsmigration, der Umsetzung des Asylrechts, der Sozial- und Bildungsstruktur der Asylbewerber und Flüchtlinge, deren Arbeitsmarktintegration sowie Handlungsoptionen in den Bereichen Flüchtlings- und Migrationspolitik, Verteilung der Flüchtlinge und Asylverfahren in Deutschland sowie Arbeitsmarktintegration und Teilhabe." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Ette, Andreas (2015): Nachhaltigere Politikansätze zur Gestaltung von Flucht und Migration in den internationalen Beziehungen. In: Bevölkerungsforschung aktuell, Jg. 36, H. 5, S. 17-22.

Abstract

"Die Steuerbarkeit von Migration entlang eng definierter Kategorien von Fähigkeiten und Motiven der Migranten ('Arbeitsmigranten') ist nach den Entwicklungen der vergangenen Zeit ganz offensichtlich an Grenzen gelangt. Daher gibt der Beitrag einen Ausblick auf längerfristige Perspektiven einer möglicherweise nachhaltigen Gestaltung von Flucht und Migration und diskutiert unter anderem die bisherigen Bemühungen der Europäischen Union." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Fasani, Francesco (2015): Understanding the role of immigrants' legal status. Evidence from policy experiments. In: CESIfo Economic Studies, Jg. 61, H. 3/4, S. 722-763. DOI:10.1093/cesifo/ifv006

Abstract

"Programmes aimed at reducing the presence of unauthorized immigrants are often at the core of the migration policy debate in host countries. In recent years, a growing body of empirical literature has attempted to understand the effect of lacking legal status on immigrants' outcomes and behaviour. The main difficulties in this field are the scarcity of data and the identification challenge posed by endogenous selection into legal status. The vast majority of these articles have therefore used amnesty programmes (or similar policy changes) to establish causal relationships. In this article, we propose a first systematic review of the empirical literature for the USA and Europe on the impact of legal status on different immigrants' outcomes. We then present some new evidence of the relationship between labour market outcomes and legal status in the Italian context. In our empirical analysis, we first provide some descriptive evidence on differences in the outcomes for groups with different residence statuses, and we then exploit a specific amnesty programme to produce causal estimates of the impact of legal status. Our results confirm previous findings in the literature and show that the design of the specific amnesty analysed matters in shaping its effects." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Hatton, Timothy J. (2015): Asylum policy in the EU. The case for deeper integration. In: CESIfo Economic Studies, Jg. 61, H. 3/4, S. 605-637. DOI:10.1093/cesifo/ifv002

Abstract

"Over the last 15 years, the locus of policymaking towards asylum seekers and refugees has shifted away from national governments and towards the European Union (EU) as the Common European Asylum Policy has developed. Most of the focus has been on the harmonization of policies relating to border control, the processing of asylum claims, and reception standards for asylum seekers. But this still falls far short of a fully integrated EU-wide policy. This article examines the basis upon which a joint EU policy can be justified. I then ask whether superior outcomes can be achieved by harmonization alone or if more centralized policymaking is necessary. I chart the progress of harmonization and burden-sharing in the development of the Common European Asylum System and explore its effects. I also study the political feasibility of deeper policy integration by analysing public attitudes in the European Social Survey. I conclude that deeper integration is both" (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Leithold, Daniel (2015): Asylum in Europe. In: CESifo DICE report, Jg. 13, H. 4, S. 55-58.

Abstract

"Asylum regulations in European countries still differ significantly. There is a minimum standard set by the European Union that all countries have to reach. This ensures that an asylum seeker has the same chance of gaining protection regardless of the country in which s/he applies for asylum. However, regulations that determine the long-term perspective for refugees differ and therefore influence host country decisions. The more national regulations are harmonized, the less influential they will be in the host country decisions made by asylum seekers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Lewis, Hannah, Peter Dwyer, Stuart Hodkinson & Louise Waite (2015): Hyper-precarious lives. Migrants, work and forced labour in the global north. In: Progress in Human Geography, Jg. 39, H. 5, S. 580-600. DOI:10.1177/0309132514548303

Abstract

"This paper unpacks the contested inter-connections between neoliberal work and welfare regimes, asylum and immigration controls, and the exploitation of migrant workers. The concept of precarity is explored as a way of understanding intensifying and insecure post-Fordist work in late capitalism. Migrants are centrally implicated in highly precarious work experiences at the bottom end of labour markets in Global North countries, including becoming trapped in forced labour. Building on existing research on the working experiences of migrants in the Global North, the main part of the article considers three questions. First, what is precarity and how does the concept relate to working lives? Second, how might we understand the causes of extreme forms of migrant labour exploitation in precarious lifeworlds? Third, how can we adequately theorize these particular experiences using the conceptual tools of forced labour, slavery, unfreedom and precarity? We use the concept of 'hyper-precarity' alongside notions of a 'continuum of unfreedom' as a way of furthering human geographical inquiry into the intersections between various terrains of social action and conceptual debate concerning migrants' precarious working experiences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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Moraga, Jesús Fernández-Huertas & Hillel Rapoport (2015): Tradable refugee-admission quotas, matching and the new European agenda for migration. In: CESifo DICE report, Jg. 13, H. 2, S. 50-56.

Abstract

"The recent proposal by the EU Commission to introduce a distribution key for refugees and asylum seekers is a welcome concrete measure to give solidarity and responsibility sharing in the field of asylum a practical content. It is akin to the distribution of initial quotas. We propose to extend this policy proposal in two directions. First, we propose to implement a matching mechanism to take refugees' and host countries' preferences into account. In doing so, the matching mechanism will contribute to lower the expected cost of hosting refugees for host countries and will improve refugees' long-term integration prospects. Second, we propose that the initial quotas allocated through the distribution key could be traded in a market for refugee-admission visas. The two proposed components are linked in the sense that the matching mechanism makes it possible to design a sanction scheme ensuring that receiving countries will have incentives to be attractive from the perspective of refugees and asylum seekers, that is, to offer them good treatment and conditions." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Zitatform

Moraga, Jesús Fernández-Huertas & Hillel Rapoport (2015): Tradable refugee-admission quotas, matching and the new European agenda for migration. In: IZA journal of European Labor Studies, Jg. 4, S. 1-13. DOI:10.1186/s40174-015-0045-y

Abstract

"The Syrian Civil War gave rise to the largest refugee flight reaching Europe since the Yugoslavian wars in the 1990s. The crisis evidenced the deficiencies of the European Union Asylum Policy, which struggled both to offer solutions to Syrian refugees and to efficiently allocate costs across Member States. We draw on previous theoretical work to simulate how a system of tradable refugee-admission quotas coupled with a matching mechanism assigning refugees to their preferred destinations and destinations to their preferred types of refugees would give more flexibility to Member States while respecting refugee rights and preferences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

Abstract

"Dieser EMN-Synthesebericht fasst die Ergebnisse von nationalen EMN-Studien aus 27 Ländern zu dem Thema 'Politiken, Praktiken und Daten über Unbegleitete Minderjährige in den EU-Mitgliedsstaaten und Norwegen' zusammen. Der deutsche Beitrag ist als Studie unter dem Titel 'Unbegleitete Minderjährige in Deutschland' erschienen. Der EMN-Synthesebericht liegt nur in Englisch vor" (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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Bundesministerium des Innern (2015): Migrationsbericht des Bundesamtes für Migration und Flüchtlinge im Auftrag der Bundesregierung. (Migrationsbericht 2014). (Migrationsbericht des Bundesamtes für Migration und Flüchtlinge im Auftrag der Bundesregierung 13), Berlin, 298 S.

Abstract

"Der Migrationsbericht beinhaltet neben den allgemeinen Wanderungsdaten zu Deutschland (Kapitel 1) inklusive der EU-Binnenmigration von Unionsbürgern (Kapitel 2) und der detaillierten Darstellung der verschiedenen Migrationsarten (Kapitel 3) einen europäischen Vergleich zum Migrationsgeschehen und zur Asylzuwanderung (Kapitel 5). Zusätzlich behandelt der Bericht das Phänomen der illegalen/irregulären Migration (Kapitel 6), geht auf die Abwanderung von Deutschen und Ausländern (Kapitel 4) ein und informiert über die Struktur und die Demografie der Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund (Kapitel 7 und 8). Dabei wird in den jeweiligen Kapiteln auf die Bedeutung der einzelnen Migrationsstatistiken und die Grenzen ihrer Aussagefähigkeit eingegangen. Zudem werden kurz die Rechtsgrundlagen der einzelnen Zuwanderergruppen dargestellt sowie auf aktuelle Rechtsänderungen und relevante Gerichtsurteile eingegangen." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)