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FDZ-Literatur / FDZ Literature

Die FDZ-Literaturdatenbank umfasst neben Datensatzbeschreibungen und Methodenberichten die zahlreichen Forschungsarbeiten, die auf Basis der am FDZ angebotenen Daten entstanden sind. Hier finden Sie aktuell laufende Projekte von FDZ-Nutzenden.
Darüber hinaus stehen die Literaturdatenbank zum IAB-Betriebspanel sowie die Literaturdatenbank zum PASS zur Verfügung.

Apart from dataset descriptions and methodology reports, the FDZ literature database contains numerous research papers written on the basis of the data provided by the FDZ. Here you can find currently ungoing research projects of FDZ users.
In addition, literature databases on the IAB Establishment Panel and the Panel Study Labour Market and Social Security (PASS) are available for research.

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The role of labor demand in the labor market effects of a pension reform (2022)

    Geyer, Johannes ; Zwick, Thomas ; Bruns, Mona; Lorenz, Svenja; Haan, Peter;

    Zitatform

    Geyer, Johannes, Peter Haan, Svenja Lorenz, Thomas Zwick & Mona Bruns (2022): The role of labor demand in the labor market effects of a pension reform. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 61, H. 2, S. 152-192. DOI:10.1111/irel.12293

    Abstract

    "This paper shows that labor demand plays an important role in the labor market reactions to a pension reform in Germany. Employers with a high share of older worker inflow compared with their younger worker inflow, employers in sectors with few investments in research and development, and employers in sectors with a high share of collective bargaining agreements allow their employees to stay employed longer after the reform. These employers offer their older employees partial retirement instead of forcing them into unemployment before early retirement because the older employees incur low substitution costs and high dismissal costs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The Speed of Earnings Responses to Taxation and the Role of Firm Labor Demand (2022)

    Gudgeon, Matthew; Trenkle, Simon ;

    Zitatform

    Gudgeon, Matthew & Simon Trenkle (2022): The Speed of Earnings Responses to Taxation and the Role of Firm Labor Demand. In: Journal of labor economics online erschienen am 01.12.2022, S. 1-39. DOI:10.1086/723831

    Abstract

    "This paper studies the speed at which workers’ pre-tax earnings respond to tax changes along the intensive margin. We do so in the context of Germany, where a large notch in the tax schedule induces sharp bunching in the earnings distribution. We analyze earnings responses to two policy reforms that shift this notch outward and find clear evidence that frictions delay the earnings responses of over 38% of workers. We propose that heterogeneity in firm labor demand plays a key role in generating the observed differences in the speed of workers’ earnings responses and provide supporting evidence." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Trenkle, Simon ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    EU enlargement and (temporary) migration: Effects on labour market outcomes in Germany (2022)

    Hammer, Luisa; Hertweck, Matthias S.;

    Zitatform

    Hammer, Luisa & Matthias S. Hertweck (2022): EU enlargement and (temporary) migration: Effects on labour market outcomes in Germany. (Discussion paper / Deutsche Bundesbank 2022,02), Frankfurt am Main, 57 S.

    Abstract

    "EU Eastern Enlargement elicited a rise in (temporary) labour market oriented immigration to Germany starting in May 2011. Taking into account that not all immigrants stay permanently and that outmigration flows are selective, this paper classifies recent EU immigrants into “new arrivals” and “stayers” drawing on administrative social security data (2005-2017). This novel strategy allows us to separately identify their potentially opposing short- and medium-run effects on labour market outcomes in Germany. We find a transitory negative wage effect among German nationals, particularly at the bottom of the wage distribution; and a permanent positive effect on full-time employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Der Beitrag der EU-Zuwanderung zur Entwicklung des deutschen Arbeitsmarkts im vergangenen Jahrzehnt (2022)

    Hammer, Luisa; Hertweck, Matthias Sebastian;

    Zitatform

    Hammer, Luisa & Matthias Sebastian Hertweck (2022): Der Beitrag der EU-Zuwanderung zur Entwicklung des deutschen Arbeitsmarkts im vergangenen Jahrzehnt. (Research Brief / Deutsche Bundesbank 45 (de)), Frankfurt am Main, 4 S.

    Abstract

    "Im Vergleich zu früheren Arbeiten zum Zuwanderungsgeschehen in Deutschland während der 1990er-Jahre (zum Beispiel D’Amuri et al., 2010) fallen in der vorliegenden Studie insbesondere die Beschäftigungseffekte der EU-Zuwanderung im vergangenen Jahrzehnt deutlich positiver aus. Dieser Befund ist vermutlich auf das Zusammenspiel zweier Faktoren zurückzuführen: Zum einen ist der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt in den vergangenen 20 Jahren deutlich flexibler geworden. Die Beschäftigungsverhältnisse in den neu entstandenen Wirtschaftszweigen wie der Zeitarbeit werden zwar niedrig entlohnt, bieten Zuwanderinnen und Zuwanderern aber niedrigschwellige Möglichkeiten, erste Erfahrungen auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt zu erwerben. Zum anderen förderte die EU-Arbeitnehmerfreizügigkeit diejenige arbeitsmarktorientierte Zuwanderung, die passgenau auf die Erfordernisse des deutschen Arbeitsmarkts ausgerichtet war. Somit schlossen EU-Zuwanderinnen und Zuwanderer die Lücken, die durch ansässige Arbeitskräfte nur schlecht gefüllt werden konnten. Eine Verdrängung von ansässigen Arbeitskräften fand daher nicht statt. Vielmehr hat der Zuzug von Arbeitskräften aus der EU möglicherweise dazu beigetragen, dass Ansässige leichter neu geschaffene Stellen fanden, die sich in Unternehmen gut mit den relativ niedrig bezahlten Arbeitsplätzen der EU-Zuwanderinnen und Zuwanderer ergänzten." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The impact of EU immigration on labour market outcomes in Germany over the past decade (2022)

    Hammer, Luisa; Hertweck, Matthias Sebastian;

    Zitatform

    Hammer, Luisa & Matthias Sebastian Hertweck (2022): The impact of EU immigration on labour market outcomes in Germany over the past decade. (Research Brief / Deutsche Bundesbank 45 (en)), Frankfurt am Main, 4 S.

    Abstract

    "Im Vergleich zu früheren Arbeiten zum Zuwanderungsgeschehen in Deutschland während der 1990er-Jahre (zum Beispiel D’Amuri et al., 2010) fallen in der vorliegenden Studie insbesondere die Beschäftigungseffekte der EU-Zuwanderung im vergangenen Jahrzehnt deutlich positiver aus. Dieser Befund ist vermutlich auf das Zusammenspiel zweier Faktoren zurückzuführen: Zum einen ist der deutsche Arbeitsmarkt in den vergangenen 20 Jahren deutlich flexibler geworden. Die Beschäftigungsverhältnisse in den neu entstandenen Wirtschaftszweigen wie der Zeitarbeit werden zwar niedrig entlohnt, bieten Zuwanderinnen und Zuwanderern aber niedrigschwellige Möglichkeiten, erste Erfahrungen auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt zu erwerben. Zum anderen förderte die EU-Arbeitnehmerfreizügigkeit diejenige arbeitsmarktorientierte Zuwanderung, die passgenau auf die Erfordernisse des deutschen Arbeitsmarkts ausgerichtet war. Somit schlossen EU-Zuwanderinnen und Zuwanderer die Lücken, die durch ansässige Arbeitskräfte nur schlecht gefüllt werden konnten. Eine Verdrängung von ansässigen Arbeitskräften fand daher nicht statt. Vielmehr hat der Zuzug von Arbeitskräften aus der EU möglicherweise dazu beigetragen, dass Ansässige leichter neu geschaffene Stellen fanden, die sich in Unternehmen gut mit den relativ niedrig bezahlten Arbeitsplätzen der EU-Zuwanderinnen und Zuwanderer ergänzten." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Unemployment insurance reforms and labor market dynamics (2022)

    Hartung, Benjamin; Kuhn, Moritz; Jung, Philip ;

    Zitatform

    Hartung, Benjamin, Philip Jung & Moritz Kuhn (2022): Unemployment insurance reforms and labor market dynamics. Bonn, 83 S.

    Abstract

    "A key question in labor market research is how the unemployment insurance system affects unemployment rates and labor market dynamics. We provide new answers to this old question by studying one of the largest unemployment insurance reforms in recent decades, the German Hartz reforms. On average, lower separation rates into unemployment account for 76% of declining unemployment after the reform, a fact unexplained by existing research focusing on job-finding rates. Exploiting institutional changes by age, employment duration, and wages, we establish a causal link between the reform and changes in labor market dynamics. Relying on labor market theory, we generalize our empirical findings beyond the German case and establish separation rate changes as an important macroeconomic adjustment channel after UI reforms. We derive analytically that the change of separation rates increases in proportion to average unemployment duration suggesting an equally important role for most other European labor markets." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    The Untold Story of Midijobs (2022)

    Herget, Anne; Riphahn, Regina T.;

    Zitatform

    Herget, Anne & Regina T. Riphahn (2022): The Untold Story of Midijobs. In: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, Jg. 242, H. 3, S. 309-341. DOI:10.1515/jbnst-2021-0025

    Abstract

    "Midijobs are employment relationships with moderate monthly earnings that benefit from payroll tax subsidies. Since 2003, the subsidy is universally available for all regions, industries, individuals, and employers in Germany. Recently, more than 2.9 million individuals, i.e., almost 9 percent of the German labor force covered by the social security system took advantage of Midijobs. This paper describes the program, its motivation, and utilization over time. We characterize the labor market transitions leading into and out of Midijob employment, the duration of Midijob utilization, and compare recent developments with patterns of program utilization that were observed early on." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Beschäftigungsperspektiven für gering Qualifizierte (2022)

    Kalina, Thorsten;

    Zitatform

    Kalina, Thorsten (2022): Beschäftigungsperspektiven für gering Qualifizierte. (IAQ-Report 2022-08), Duisburg ; Essen, 18 S. DOI:10.17185/duepublico/74324

    Abstract

    "Nachdem die Beschäftigung gering Qualifizierter lange rückläufig war, hat sie in den letzten Jahren leicht zugenommen. Gut 12 % der Beschäftigung entfiel auf den Bereich Lagerwirtschaft, Post- und Zustellungsberufe. In diesem Berufsbereich war das Beschäftigungswachstum für gering Qualifizierte zwischen 2012 und 2019 mit 28 % auch am stärksten. Rund 60 % der gering Qualifizierten waren 2019 als Fachkräfte tätig. Hierbei handelt es sich um einen Graubereich an Tätigkeiten, die anspruchsvoller sind als reine Helfertätigkeiten, aber nicht unbedingt eine dreijährige Berufsausbildung voraussetzen. Politischer Handlungsbedarf besteht bei der Abgrenzung von Helfer- und Fachkrafttätigkeiten, was sich auch in der Entlohnung widerspiegeln muss. Zudem sind das Nachholen von Ausbildungsabschlüssen und die Zertifizierung von Teilqualifikationen wichtige Ansatzpunkte, um die Arbeitsmarktlage von gering Qualifizierten weiter zu verbessern." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Occupational tasks and wage inequality in West Germany: A decomposition analysis (2022)

    Koomen, Miriam; Backes-Gellner, Uschi ;

    Zitatform

    Koomen, Miriam & Uschi Backes-Gellner (2022): Occupational tasks and wage inequality in West Germany: A decomposition analysis. In: Labour Economics, Jg. 79. DOI:10.1016/j.labeco.2022.102284

    Abstract

    "We study the role of occupational tasks as drivers of West German wage inequality. We match administrative wage data with longitudinal task data, which allow us to account for within-occupation changes in task content over time. We run RIF regression-based decompositions to quantify the contribution of changes in the returns to tasks to overall changes in the wage distribution from 1978 to 2006. We find that changes in the returns to tasks explain up to half of the increase in wage inequality since the 1990s, both at the top and the bottom of the wage distribution. Specifically, abstract tasks drive the upper wage gap, while interactive and routine tasks drive the lower wage gap. Importantly, we find low-wage occupations to have the highest routine task intensity. The association between occupational tasks and West German wage inequality is thus both stronger and different than prior research has found." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2022 Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Occupational Tasks and Wage Inequality in Germany: A Decomposition Analysis (2022)

    Koomen, Miriam; Backes-Gellner, Uschi ;

    Zitatform

    Koomen, Miriam & Uschi Backes-Gellner (2022): Occupational Tasks and Wage Inequality in Germany: A Decomposition Analysis. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 15702), Bonn, 66 S.

    Abstract

    "We study the role of occupational tasks as drivers of West German wage inequality. We match administrative wage data with longitudinal task data, which allows us to account for within-occupation changes in task content over time. We run RIF regression-based decompositions to quantify the contribution of changes in the returns to tasks to overall changes in the wage distribution from 1978 to 2006. We find that changes in the returns to tasks explain up to half of the increase in wage inequality since the 1990s, both at the top and the bottom of the wage distribution. Specifically, abstract tasks drive the upper wage gap, while interactive and routine tasks drive the lower wage gap. Importantly, we find low-wage occupations to have the highest routine task intensity. The association between occupational tasks and West German wage inequality is thus both stronger and different than prior research has found." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Beware of the employer: Financial incentives for employees may fail to prolong old-age employment (2022)

    Lorenz, Svenja; Zwick, Thomas ; Bruns, Mona;

    Zitatform

    Lorenz, Svenja, Thomas Zwick & Mona Bruns (2022): Beware of the employer: Financial incentives for employees may fail to prolong old-age employment. In: The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Jg. 21. DOI:10.1016/j.jeoa.2021.100363

    Abstract

    "We show that a stepwise increase in the normal retirement age (NRA) by up to five years and the introduction of actuarial pension deductions for retirement before NRA was ineffective in prolonging employment of older men after early retirement age. We argue that the ineffectiveness of the German pension reform resulted from a change in employer behavior that was mainly induced by a recession during the implementation period of the pension reform. Employers seem to have nudged their employees to use a bridge option that was introduced with the pension reform (partial retirement) or a traditional bridge option (unemployment). These bridge options allowed an early retirement age (ERA) of 60 instead of the only alternative early retirement option with an ERA of 63. Bridge options therefore offered employers an opportunity to terminate employment considerably earlier and exert more influence over the employment exit age. We argue that without a change in employer behavior, neither using one of the bridge options nor the earlier employment exit would have been utility maximizing for the individuals affected by the reform." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Bad Times, Bad Jobs? How Recessions Affect Early Career Trajectories (2022)

    Mahajan, Parag; Stüber, Heiko ; Patki, Dhiren;

    Zitatform

    Mahajan, Parag, Dhiren Patki & Heiko Stüber (2022): Bad Times, Bad Jobs? How Recessions Affect Early Career Trajectories. (Working paper / Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Research Department 22-12), Boston, 21 S. DOI:10.29412/res.wp.2022.12

    Abstract

    "Studies find that if a worker enters the labor market during an economic downturn versus a period of expansion, they likely will have more difficulty finding a high-paying job, because the availability of such jobs is strongly procyclical. The earnings penalty for starting a career during bad times is both substantial and persistent. Indeed, this paper finds that a typical recession causes entrants to experience a 6 percent loss in earnings cumulated over the first 15 years of their careers. But, the authors ask, to what extent do non-pecuniary characteristics of jobs offset some of those earnings losses? They address this question by relying on population-scale linked employer-employee administrative data from Germany to estimate both the pecuniary and non-pecuniary impact of entering the workforce during a recession." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Erwerbsverläufe von Frauen und Männern (2022)

    Oberfichtner, Michael ;

    Zitatform

    Oberfichtner, Michael (2022): Erwerbsverläufe von Frauen und Männern. In: Ifo-Schnelldienst, Jg. 75, H. 10, S. 5-8.

    Abstract

    "Die Arbeitsmarktergebnisse von Frauen und Männern unterscheiden sich immer noch massiv. Die Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen ist niedriger als die von Männern, beschäftigte Frauen arbeiten im Durchschnitt weniger Stunden als Männer, der mittlere Stundenlohn lag 2018 bei Frauen 20% unter dem von Männern; und auch wenn man berücksichtigt, dass sich die Qualifikationen und Tätigkeiten zwischen Frauen und Männer unterscheiden, bleibt ein Lohnunterschied von 6% unerklärt (Statistisches Bundesamt 2022; 2022b; 2022c). Daher lohnt es sich, die Erwerbsverläufe von Frauen und Männern genauer in den Blick zu nehmen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, dass die Geschlechterlohnunterschiede beim Eintritt in den Arbeitsmarkt in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten deutlich abgenommen haben. Über das Erwerbsleben nehmen die Unterschiede jedoch auch bei jüngeren Kohorten stark zu, wobei Familiengründungen eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Um die Ursachen dafür besser zu verstehen, nimmt die aktuelle Forschung zunehmend auch eine betriebliche Perspektive ein." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

    Beteiligte aus dem IAB

    Oberfichtner, Michael ;
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Endbericht zur Studie „Arbeitsplatzsituation in der Akut- und Langzeitpflege und Ermittlung sowie modellhafte Implementierung von Indikatoren für gute Arbeitsbedingungen in der Langzeitpflege“ - Los 1: Analyse, Befragungen und Maßnahmenempfehlungen zum Pflegearbeitsplatz der Zukunft (2022)

    Peters, Verena; Stohr, Daniel; Bastian, Nina; Schröder, Jan; Zimmermann, Sandra; Herten, Benjamin; Meyer-Frieß, Kathrin; Schulte-Coerne, Nora; Laukhuf, Andrea; Wellmer, Amber; Müller, Laura; Müller, Nils; Runschke, Benedikt; Kirstein, Katharina; Reinhards, Thomas; Spies, Sabrina; Stehle, Esther; Werding, Martin ; Seidel, Jonas; Klärner, Kai-David; Beule, Patrick; Ott, Notburga;

    Zitatform

    Peters, Verena, Benjamin Herten, Katharina Kirstein, Nora Schulte-Coerne, Jonas Seidel, Amber Wellmer, Esther Stehle, Nils Müller, Patrick Beule, Andrea Laukhuf, Laura Müller, Benedikt Runschke, Sabrina Spies, Daniel Stohr, Sandra Zimmermann, Jan Schröder, Nina Bastian, Kathrin Meyer-Frieß, Thomas Reinhards, Notburga Ott, Kai-David Klärner & Martin Werding (2022): Endbericht zur Studie „Arbeitsplatzsituation in der Akut- und Langzeitpflege und Ermittlung sowie modellhafte Implementierung von Indikatoren für gute Arbeitsbedingungen in der Langzeitpflege“ - Los 1: Analyse, Befragungen und Maßnahmenempfehlungen zum Pflegearbeitsplatz der Zukunft. Bochum, 739 S.

    Abstract

    "Im Rahmen der Konzertierten Aktion Pflege (KAP) wurde gemeinsam mit den in der Pflege beteiligten Akteuren im Juni 2019 Maßnahmen vereinbart, um mehr beruflich Pflegende zu gewinnen, sie zu stärken und zu entlasten und die Ausbildung und Arbeitsbedingungen attraktiver zu gestalten. Im Zuge dessen hat das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit die Studie Arbeitsplatzsituation in der Akut- und Langzeitpflege und Ermittlung sowie modellhafte Implementierung von Indikatoren für gute Arbeitsbedingungen in der Langzeitpflege beauftragt. Ziel der Studie war es, die Datengrundlagen zur Situation von beruflich Pflegenden zu verbessern und Maßnahmen zu identifizieren, die die Maßnahmen der KAP entweder bestätigen oder über diese hinausgehen bzw. mit denen die formulierten Ziele der Aktion vorangetrieben werden können. Los 1 der Studie umfasste dabei eine Analyse, Befragungen und Maßnahmenempfehlungen zum Pflegearbeitsplatz der Zukunft. Die Untersuchung beinhaltete eine umfassende systematische Analyse der bereits vorhandenen Literatur, eine Auswertung statistischer Daten sowie die Erhebung von Primärdaten in Form von qualitativen Interviews und einer quantitativen Erhebung unter beruflich Pflegenden in Deutschland. Die bereinigte, nicht repräsentative Stichprobe umfasst dabei Angaben von 5.514 Befragten, und sie ist damit eine der umfangreichsten Befragungen der letzten 10 Jahre bezogen auf Inhalte und Stichprobengröße. Sie bietet in besonderer thematischer Breite und Tiefe Einblicke in die Erfahrungen und Einschätzungen beruflich Pflegender in Deutschland. Die Ergebnisse dieser knapp dreijährigen Forschung sind in diesem Bericht zusammengefasst." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)

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  • Literaturhinweis

    30 Years of East-West Migration in Germany: A Synthesis of the Literature and Potential Directions for Future Research (2022)

    Rosenbaum-Feldbrügge, Matthias; Sander, Nikola ; Stawarz, Nico;

    Zitatform

    Rosenbaum-Feldbrügge, Matthias, Nico Stawarz & Nikola Sander (2022): 30 Years of East-West Migration in Germany. A Synthesis of the Literature and Potential Directions for Future Research. In: Comparative Political Studies, Jg. 47, S. 185-210. DOI:10.12765/CPoS-2022-08

    Abstract

    "The reunification of the socialist German Democratic Republic and the capitalist Federal Republic of Germany presents a unique setting for studying the impact of socio-economic and political change on migration. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the interdisciplinary literature on migration between East and West Germany since reunification, conducted in disciplines such as economics, demography, sociology, and human geography. We synthesise the literature with regard to data-related challenges as well as individual and contextual determinants of migration. We clarify some misinterpretations and discrepancies in previous studies, identify research gaps, and suggest directions for future research. Our review demonstrates that East-West migration mainly occurred in line with what could have been expected based on migration theory with regard to migrants’ sex, age, education, labour market position, and social networks. West-East migration, in contrast, was strongly affected by return migrants who often stated non-occupational motives for moving. On the contextual level, differences in wages are better able to explain East-West migration over time than differences in unemployment rates. West-East migration, however, cannot be explained well with such macroeconomic models. This paper contributes a point of reference for future research on this topic, as well as on internal migration and socio-economic disparities in general." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Mind the gap: Effects of the national minimum wage on the gender wage gap in Germany (2022)

    Schmid, Ramona ;

    Zitatform

    Schmid, Ramona (2022): Mind the gap: Effects of the national minimum wage on the gender wage gap in Germany. (Hohenheim discussion papers in business, economics and social sciences 06-2022), Stuttgart, 37 S.

    Abstract

    "With its introduction in 2015, the statutory minimum wage in Germany intends to benefit primarily low-wage workers. Thus, this paper aims at estimating the effectiveness of the im- plemented wage floor on gender wage gaps in the lower half of the wage distribution. Using administrative data, distinct regional differences regarding magnitudes of wage differentials and responses to the minimum wage are identified. Overall, wage gaps between men and women at the 10th percentile decrease by 2.46 and 6.34 percentage points respectively in the West and East of Germany after 2015. Applying counterfactual wage distributions, the study provides new evidence that around 60% and even 95% of the decline result from the introduction of the minimum wage in each region. Further, group-specific analyses identify concrete responses on the basis of age, educational level and occupational activity. Having yearly data, the study ad- ditionally reveals new results on the impact of the successive minimum wage raises in 2017 and 2019. Counterfactual aggregate decompositions of gender wage gaps finally indicate a decrease in discriminatory remuneration structures in the West of Germany due to the introduced wage floor." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Task specialization and the native-foreign wage gap: Evidence from worker-level data (2022)

    Storm, Eduard ;

    Zitatform

    Storm, Eduard (2022): Task specialization and the native-foreign wage gap: Evidence from worker-level data. In: Labour, Jg. 36, H. 2, S. 167-195. DOI:10.1111/labr.12220

    Abstract

    "This study documents that worker-level variation in tasks has played a key role in the widening of the German Native-Foreign Wage Gap. I find idiosyncratic differences account for up to 34 per cent of the wage gap. Importantly, natives specialize in high-paying interactive activities not only between, but also within occupations. In contrast, foreign workers specialize in low-paying manual activities. This enhanced degree of task specialization accounts for 11 per cent of the gap among high-wage earners and 25 per cent among low-wage earner, thus offering new insight into sources for imperfect substitution of native and foreign workers and consequently small migration-induced wage effects." (Author's abstract, © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) ((en))

    Weiterführende Informationen

    Appendices
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  • Literaturhinweis

    Increasing Hours Worked: Moonlighting Responses to a Large Tax Reform (2022)

    Tazhitdinova, Alissa;

    Zitatform

    Tazhitdinova, Alissa (2022): Increasing Hours Worked: Moonlighting Responses to a Large Tax Reform. In: American Economic Journal. Economic Policy, Jg. 14, H. 1, S. 473-500. DOI:10.1257/pol.20190786

    Abstract

    "Moonlighting is increasingly popular in OECD countries, with 5 to 10 percent of workers holding two or more jobs. However, little is known about the responsiveness of moonlighting to financial incentives due to the lack of identifying variation. This paper studies a unique reform in Germany that allowed workers to hold small secondary jobs tax-free, decreasing the marginal tax rate by between 19.5 to 66 pp. I show that the reform resulted in a dramatic increase in moonlighting that was not offset by reductions in primary earnings and that hours constraints are a key determinant of moonlighting." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Macroeconomic Effects of Active Labour Market Policies: A Novel Instrumental Variables Approach (2022)

    Unterhofer, Ulrike; Wunsch, Conny;

    Zitatform

    Unterhofer, Ulrike & Conny Wunsch (2022): Macroeconomic Effects of Active Labour Market Policies. A Novel Instrumental Variables Approach. (arXiv papers), 81 S.

    Abstract

    "This study evaluates the macroeconomic effects of active labour market policies (ALMP) in Germany over the period 2005 to 2018. We propose a novel identification strategy to overcome the simultaneity of ALMP and labour market outcomes at the regional level. It exploits the imperfect overlap of local labour markets and local employment agencies that decide on the local implementation of policies. Specifically, we instrument for the use of ALMP in a local labour market with the mix of ALMP implemented outside this market but in local employment agencies that partially overlap with this market. We find no effects of short-term activation measures and further vocational training on aggregate labour market outcomes. In contrast, wage subsidies substantially increase the share of workers in unsubsidised employment while lowering long-term unemployment and welfare dependency. Our results suggest that negative externalities of ALMP partially offset the effects for program participants and that some segments of the labour market benefit more than others." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

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  • Literaturhinweis

    Early retirement of employees in demanding jobs: Evidence from a German pension reform (2022)

    Zwick, Thomas ; Lorenz, Svenja; Geyer, Johannes ; Bruns, Mona;

    Zitatform

    Zwick, Thomas, Mona Bruns, Johannes Geyer & Svenja Lorenz (2022): Early retirement of employees in demanding jobs: Evidence from a German pension reform. In: The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Jg. 22. DOI:10.1016/j.jeoa.2022.100387

    Abstract

    "Early retirement options are usually targeted at employees at risk of not reaching their regular retirement age in employment. An important at-risk group comprises older employees who have worked in demanding jobs for many years. This group may be particularly negatively affected by the abolition of early retirement options. To measure differences in labor market reactions of employees in low- and high-demand jobs, we exploit the quasinatural experiment of a cohort-specific pension reform that increased the early retirement age for women from 60 to 63 years. Based on a large administrative dataset, we use a regression-discontinuity approach to estimate the labor market reactions. Surprisingly, we find the same relative employment increase of about 25% for treated women who were exposed to low and to high job demand. For older women in demanding jobs, we also do not find substitution effects into unemployment, partial retirement, disability pension, or inactivity. Eligibility for the abolished early retirement option required high labor market attachment. Thus, we argue that this eligibility rule induced a positive selection of healthy workers into early retirement. We propose alternative policies that protect workers exposed to high job demand better against the negative consequences of being unable to reach their statutory retirement age in employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © Elsevier) ((en))

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