Digitale Arbeitswelt – Chancen und Herausforderungen für Beschäftigte und Arbeitsmarkt
Der digitale Wandel der Arbeitswelt gilt als eine der großen Herausforderungen für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Wie arbeiten wir in Zukunft? Welche Auswirkungen hat die Digitalisierung auf Beschäftigung und Arbeitsmarkt? Welche Qualifikationen werden künftig benötigt? Wie verändern sich Tätigkeiten und Berufe?
Diese Infoplattform dokumentiert Forschungsergebnisse zum Thema Arbeit 4.0 in den verschiedenen Wirtschaftsbereichen.
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte
- Bundesländer
- andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen
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Literaturhinweis
Nürnberger Gespräche: Wie bewältigen Regionen die digitale und ökologische Transformation? (Podium) (2024)
Schludi, Martin; Lötzsch, Markus; Fitzenberger, Bernd ; Heilmaier, Andrea; Deckbar, Laura; Schnitzer, Monika; Wallheinke, Anna; Niebuhr, Annekatrin ; König, Marcus; Gropp, Reint;Zitatform
Schludi, Martin, Anna Wallheinke, Laura Deckbar, Markus Lötzsch, Bernd Fitzenberger, Andrea Heilmaier, Monika Schnitzer, Annekatrin Niebuhr, Marcus König & Reint Gropp; Markus Lötzsch, Bernd Fitzenberger, Andrea Heilmaier, Monika Schnitzer, Annekatrin Niebuhr, Marcus König & Reint Gropp (sonst. bet. Pers.) (2024): Nürnberger Gespräche: Wie bewältigen Regionen die digitale und ökologische Transformation? (Podium). In: IAB-Forum H. 06.05.2024 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20240506.02
Abstract
"Energiewende, Mobilitätswende, Digitalisierung, Künstliche Intelligenz: Die aktuellen Herausforderungen sind gewaltig. Die digitale und die ökologische Transformation setzen Staat und Unternehmen unter massiven Anpassungsdruck. Zugleich ist jede Region in unterschiedlicher Weise mit den Chancen und Risiken der Transformation konfrontiert. Resultieren daraus auch unterschiedliche regionale Anpassungsstrategien? Wie effektiv ist regionale Wirtschaftsförderung? Und führen die Transformationsprozesse zu einer Reorganisation von Wirtschaftsräumen? Diese und weitere Fragen diskutierten Expertinnen und Experten aus Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Regionalpolitik am 13. März dieses Jahres bei den „Nürnberger Gesprächen“." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
The job demands-resources model as a theoretical lens for the bright and dark side of digitization (2024)
Scholze, Alexander; Hecker, Achim;Zitatform
Scholze, Alexander & Achim Hecker (2024): The job demands-resources model as a theoretical lens for the bright and dark side of digitization. In: Computers in Human Behavior, Jg. 155. DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2024.108177
Abstract
"With digitization continuing to reshape work environments, organizations must confront the challenges of comprehending its “bright side” and “dark side” effects. A growing imperative exists to comprehend how digitization affects employee well-being and to create sustainable health-centric workplaces. The established Job Demands-Resources model offers a pertinent theoretical framework for gaining fresh insights into alterations in job demands and resources caused by digitization. This study extends the Job Demands-Resources model to include digital job demands and resources by utilizing a sample of 898 white-collar employees. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was employed to investigate digitization's interrelationships and dependencies within an organizational context. The results confirm that the Job Demands-Resources model offers a holistic approach to investigating the concrete effects of the “dark side" and “bright side" of digitization in a concrete work scenario and to classify them in a theoretically structured way. This study offers starting points for the future design of workplaces and strategies for organizations to harness the positive aspects of digitization while concurrently mitigating the psychological stress on employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The rise of the digital labour market: characteristics and implications for the study of education, opportunity and work (2024)
Souto-Otero, Manuel; Brown, Phillip;Zitatform
Souto-Otero, Manuel & Phillip Brown (2024): The rise of the digital labour market: characteristics and implications for the study of education, opportunity and work. In: Journal of education and work online erschienen am 13.02.2024, S. 1-16. DOI:10.1080/13639080.2024.2310263
Abstract
"How the labor market operates in an increasingly digital context has remained under-researched. The article explains why the digital labor market is in urgent need of study, as digitalisation transforms how labor markets are structured and shape the competition for jobs. Digital tools give job seekers new ways of describing themselves and give employers access to new sources of data on candidates, in real-time and at low cost. We identify three dimensions of digital labor markets that distinguish them from earlier ‘analogue’ models – Information, Control and Engagement (ICE). We explain how changes in these dimensions contribute to a restructuring of the recruitment process, and outline implications for theories on the education–work relationship and for the analysis of social opportunity and inequalities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Labor-capital relations on digital platforms: Organization, algorithmic discipline and the social factory again (2024)
Zitatform
Wang, June & Julia Tomassetti (2024): Labor-capital relations on digital platforms: Organization, algorithmic discipline and the social factory again. In: Sociology Compass, Jg. 18. DOI:10.1111/soc4.13192
Abstract
"Digital platform labor and its complex relationship with capital have stirred scholarly inquiry, calling for a systemic review that bridges foundational theories and various currents of development. In this review, we revisit Marxist and autonomist Marxist theses on the changing nature of work in the platform economy. Following that, we review two major strands of studies on the organization of production at the macro level and labour control at the micro level, which have revealed variegated types of workplace fissuring and different techniques of algorithmic control over bodies. However, we argue that the path forward must transcend these boundaries. We call for a revival of the ‘social factory’ thesis to rekindle ‘networking’ as a way of understanding labor-capital relations on digital platforms. Our premise is that capital and labor mutually constitute the platform economy through their agency of networking the internet and ‘outernet’. We outline four key directions for future research based on this premise: networking with public elements, networking with market-driven elements, networking for financialization in the digital landscape, and networking for resistance. By reinvigorating the social factory approach, we aim to enrich scholarly understandings of labor-capital relations in the platform economy by articulating digital labor in a wider web of sociocultural, technical, political and economic relationships extending beyond and transcending the internet." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Self-employment in the EU: Job quality and developments in social protection (2024)
Weber, Tina; Adăscăliței, Dragoş; Eiffe, Franz Ferdinand;Zitatform
Weber, Tina, Franz Ferdinand Eiffe & Dragoş Adăscăliței (2024): Self-employment in the EU: Job quality and developments in social protection. (Eurofound research report / European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), Dublin, 86 S. DOI:10.2806/350964
Abstract
"The COVID-19 pandemic gave new impetus to the debate about access to social protection for the self-employed, as it highlighted gaps in formal and effective coverage as well as its adequacy. In 2021, there were formal coverage gaps for at least one group of self-employed people in at least one branch of social protection in 19 Member States. Gaps are most common in unemployment benefits (16.8 million people, or more than half of around 28 million self-employed in the EU, lack coverage), followed by sickness benefits (5.3 million people are not covered) and benefits linked to accidents at work and occupational diseases (4.2 million people are not covered). A lack of social security coverage contributed to the self-employed suffering financially more than employees during the pandemic. This was despite unprecedented interventions by governments to offer income support and increased access to social protection, including to the self-employed. This was made necessary by the absence of (or insufficient) coverage of the self-employed by contributory schemes. Many of these initiatives were temporary, but they nonetheless served to reignite the debate about the extent of social protection coverage for the self-employed. This discussion had already gathered momentum before the pandemic, largely because of the emergence of forms of self-employment sharing characteristics with dependent employment, especially in the platform economy, and also owing to more frequent changes in status and to the combination of employment and self-employment becoming more common. While most self-employed people enjoy good working conditions, autonomy and good earning potential, the policy debate has increasingly focused on the most vulnerable, and in particular on people in false and bogus self-employment." (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The rise of artificial intelligence, the fall of human wellbeing? (2024)
Zitatform
Zhao, Yong, Da Yin, Lili Wang & Yihua Yu (2024): The rise of artificial intelligence, the fall of human wellbeing? In: International Journal of Social Welfare, Jg. 33, H. 1, S. 75-105. DOI:10.1111/ijsw.12586
Abstract
"Concerns exist regarding the impact on our lives of the rise of artificial intelligence (AI). Using a large dataset of 137 countries over the period 2005–2018 from multiple sources, we estimate the causal effect of AI on individual-level subjective wellbeing. Our identification strategy is inferred from the gravity framework and uses merely the variation in exogenous drivers of a country's AI development. We find a significant negative effect of AI on an individual's wellbeing, in terms of current levels or expectations of future wellbeing. The results are robust to alternative measures of AI, identification strategies, and sampling. Moreover, we find evidence of significant heterogeneity in the impact of AI on individual wellbeing. Further, this dampening effect on individual wellbeing resulting from the use of AI is more prominent among young people, men, high-income groups, high-skilled groups, and manufacturing workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
High-skilled Human Workers in Non-Routine Jobs are Susceptible to AI Automation but Wage Benefits Differ between Occupations (2024)
Zitatform
Özgül, Pelin, Marie-Christine Fregin, Michael Stops, Simon Janssen & Mark Levels (2024): High-skilled Human Workers in Non-Routine Jobs are Susceptible to AI Automation but Wage Benefits Differ between Occupations. (arXiv papers 2404.06472), 55 S. DOI:10.48550/arXiv.2404.06472
Abstract
"Artificial Intelligence (AI) will change human work by taking over specific job tasks, but there is a debate which tasks are susceptible to automation, and whether AI will augment or replace workers and affect wages. By combining data on job tasks with a measure of AI susceptibility, we show that more highly skilled workers are more susceptible to AI automation, and that analytical non-routine tasks are at risk to be impacted by AI. Moreover, we observe that wage growth premiums for the lowest and the highest required skill level appear unrelated to AI susceptibility and that workers in occupations with many routine tasks saw higher wage growth if their work was more strongly susceptible to AI. Our findings imply that AI has the potential to affect human workers differently than canonical economic theories about the impact of technology on work these theories predict." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Robots and Workers: Evidence from the Netherlands (2023)
Zitatform
Acemoglu, Daron, Hans R. A. Koster & Ceren Ozgen (2023): Robots and Workers: Evidence from the Netherlands. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 31009), Cambridge, Mass, 60 S.
Abstract
"We estimate the effects of robot adoption on firm-level and worker-level outcomes in the Netherlands using a large employer-employee panel dataset spanning 2009-2020. Our firm-level results confirm previous findings, with positive effects on value added and hours worked for robot-adopting firms and negative outcomes on competitors in the same industry. Our worker-level results show that directly-affected workers (e.g., blue-collar workers performing routine or replaceable tasks) face lower earnings and employment rates, while other workers indirectly gain from robot adoption. We also find that the negative effects from competitors' robot adoption load on directly-affected workers, while other workers benefit from this industry-level robot adoption. Overall, our results highlight the uneven effects of automation on the workforce." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Rebalancing AI (2023)
Acemoglu, Daron; Johnson, Simon;Zitatform
Acemoglu, Daron & Simon Johnson (2023): Rebalancing AI. In: Finance and development, S. 26-29.
Abstract
"Optimistic forecasts regarding the growth implications of AI abound. AI adoption could boost productivity growth by 1.5 percentage points per year over a 10-year period and raise global GDP by 7 percent ($7 trillion in additional output), according to Goldman Sachs. Industry insiders offer even more excited estimates, including a supposed 10 percent chance of an “explosive growth” scenario, with global output rising more than 30 percent a year. All this techno-optimism draws on the “productivity bandwagon”: a deep-rooted belief that technological change— including automation—drives higher productivity, which raises net wages and generates shared prosperity. Such optimism is at odds with the historical record and seems particularly inappropriate for the current path of “just let AI happen,” which focuses primarily on automation (replacing people). We must recognize that there is no singular, inevitable path of development for new technology. And, assuming that the goal is to sustainably improve economic outcomes for more people, what policies would put AI development on the right path, with greater focus on enhancing what all workers can do?" (Text excerpt, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Metaverse revolution and the digital transformation: intersectional analysis of Industry 5.0 (2023)
Agarwal, Ayushi; Alathur, Sreejith;Zitatform
Agarwal, Ayushi & Sreejith Alathur (2023): Metaverse revolution and the digital transformation: intersectional analysis of Industry 5.0. In: Transforming Government : People, Process and Policy, Jg. 17, H. 4, S. 688-707. DOI:10.1108/TG-03-2023-0036
Abstract
"Purpose: This study aims to investigate metaverse elements affecting digital transformation and examine how the metaverses ’ enabled digital transformation affects Industry 5.0. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts intersectional research methodologies to understand how metaverse technologies facilitate digital transformation and contribute to Industry 5.0. The Metaverse literature is bibliometrically analyzed to identify the intersection of digital transformation and components of Industry 5.0. Findings The conceptualization of the metaverse, its ecosystem and its enabling technologies are consistent with the human-centric, resilient and sustainable vision of the industrial revolution. The findings show that scientific research into digital transformation contributes to refining potential conflicts and tensions that may arise at the intersection of the metaverse and Industry 5.0. Research limitations/implications Study have significant implications for digital transformation research, as transformation studies help to fine-tune emerging technologies such as the metaverse for the industrial revolution. Based on the findings, the authors have provided a threat model for the Sustainable Metaverse Revolution. Social implications The utility of metaverse technologies in industrial revolutions necessitates the formulation of business model policies that promote the metaverse-enabled digital transformation. Policy recommendations for integrated development approaches are also provided in this paper. Originality/value The metaverse-enabled digital transformation and its implications for the industrial revolution are less reported. The current study addresses the importance of such intersectional studies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The Turing Transformation: Artificial Intelligence, Intelligence Augmentation, and Skill Premiums (2023)
Agrawal, Ajay K.; Gans, Joshua S.; Goldfarb, Avi;Zitatform
Agrawal, Ajay K., Joshua S. Gans & Avi Goldfarb (2023): The Turing Transformation: Artificial Intelligence, Intelligence Augmentation, and Skill Premiums. (NBER working paper / National Bureau of Economic Research 31767), Cambridge, Mass, 12 S.
Abstract
"We ask whether a technical objective of using human performance of tasks as a benchmark for AI performance will result in the negative outcomes highlighted in prior work in terms of jobs and inequality. Instead, we argue that task automation, especially when driven by AI advances, can enhance job prospects and potentially widen the scope for employment of many workers. The neglected mechanism we highlight is the potential for changes in the skill premium where AI automation of tasks exogenously improves the value of the skills of many workers, expands the pool of available workers to perform other tasks, and, in the process, increases labor income and potentially reduces inequality. We label this possibility the “Turing Transformation.” As such, we argue that AI researchers and policymakers should not focus on the technical aspects of AI applications and whether they are directed at automating human-performed tasks or not and, instead, focus on the outcomes of AI research. In so doing, our goal is not to diminish human-centric AI research as a laudable goal. Instead, we want to note that AI research that uses a human-task template with a goal to automate that task can often augment human performance of other tasks and whole jobs. The distributional effects of technology depend more on which workers have tasks that get automated than on the fact of automation per se." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
New Work(Load)?: Gestaltungsansätze für selbstorganisierte Formen der Arbeitsorganisation (2023)
Ahlers, Elke;Zitatform
Ahlers, Elke (2023): New Work(Load)? Gestaltungsansätze für selbstorganisierte Formen der Arbeitsorganisation. (WSI policy brief 78), Düsseldorf, 15 S.
Abstract
"Ziel dieses Policy Briefs ist, die veränderten Arbeitskulturen der digitalen Arbeitswelt und die dadurch entstehenden Arbeitsbelastungen aufzuzeigen. Kapitel 2 gibt dazu einen einführenden Überblick. Im Anschluss daran wird auch das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Selbstorganisation, Eigenverantwortung, Leistung und den entstehenden sozialen und gesundheitlichen Risiken thematisiert (Kapitel 3). Darauf aufbauend werden passende Gestaltungsansätze Guter Arbeit (Kapitel 4) sowie ein partizipationsorientiertes Betriebliches Gesundheitsmanagement (Kapitel 6) skizziert. Zusammenfassend werden in einem Fazit Gestaltungsnotwendigkeiten aufgezeigt" (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
New Technologies and Jobs in Europe (2023)
Albanesi, Stefania; Jimeno, Juan F.; Lamo, Ana; Wabitsch, Alena; Dias da Silva, Antonio;Zitatform
Albanesi, Stefania, Antonio Dias da Silva, Juan F. Jimeno, Ana Lamo & Alena Wabitsch (2023): New Technologies and Jobs in Europe. (IZA discussion paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit 16227), Bonn, 58 S.
Abstract
"We examine the link between labour market developments and new technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and software in 16 European countries over the period 2011- 2019. Using data for occupations at the 3-digit level in Europe, we find that on average employment shares have increased in occupations more exposed to AI. This is particularly the case for occupations with a relatively higher proportion of younger and skilled workers. This evidence is in line with the Skill Biased Technological Change theory. While there exists heterogeneity across countries, only very few countries show a decline in employment shares of occupations more exposed to AI-enabled automation. Country heterogeneity for this result seems to be linked to the pace of technology diffusion and education, but also to the level of product market regulation (competition) and employment protection laws. In contrast to the findings for employment, we find little evidence for a relationship between wages and potential exposures to new technologies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Mutualism, class composition, and the reshaping of worker organisation in platform work and the gig economy (2023)
Zitatform
Alberti, Gabriella & Simon Joyce (2023): Mutualism, class composition, and the reshaping of worker organisation in platform work and the gig economy. In: Global Labour Journal, Jg. 14, H. 3, S. 220-235. DOI:10.15173/glj.v14i3.5332
Abstract
"This article contributes an understanding of mutualism as a foundational element in emergent worker collectivism. We challenge mainstream institutionalist accounts in industrial relations, especially from the Global North, that downplay processes of bottom-up regeneration of working-class organization. We discuss compositional accounts of class formation and examine previous understandings of mutualism, then apply our conceptual framework to evidence from international literature and our own research on platform work in Italy and the UK. Three important themes emerge in understanding worker self-organization: the demographics of the workforce, including migration backgrounds and social ties beyond the workplace; the existence of social relations in the ethnic/political/local community; and the relevance of free spaces of resource sharing and recomposition in the absence of a fixed place of work. We conclude that an understanding of mutualism can help to grasp emergent solidarities among new groups of workers within and beyond both platform work and trade unions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Souveränitätsgewinne oder Freiheitsverluste – wohin treibt der Arbeitsmarkt? (2023)
Allmendinger, Jutta; Schroeder, Wolfgang;Zitatform
Allmendinger, Jutta & Wolfgang Schroeder (2023): Souveränitätsgewinne oder Freiheitsverluste – wohin treibt der Arbeitsmarkt? In: J. Legrand, B. Linden & H.-J. Arlt (Hrsg.) (2023): Transformation und Emanzipation, S. 113-124. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-39911-5_10
Abstract
"Die Arrangements der Plattformökonomie stehen für eine weitreichende Transformation, an deren Ende sich das rechtliche und soziale Band der Erwerbsarbeit auflöst. Solange die Plattformarbeit eher ein Randphänomen bleibt, wird die regulierte Arbeitsgesellschaft nicht grundlegend infrage gestellt. Entwickelt sich dieses Phänomen aber in der heutigen Form ungezügelt weiter, werden unsere Prinzipien des Sozialversicherungsstaats bedroht. Die neuen Konstellationen von Beschäftigung, Managementstrategien und Interessenvertretung führen dann zu Veränderungen, die das etablierte Akteurs- und Institutionengefüge sprengen und sich herkömmlichen sozialpartnerschaftlichen Aushandlungsformen und politischer Regulierung entziehen. Eine Arbeitspolitik der Souveränität braucht Antworten, die den Kontext der Akteure und Institutionen stärkt. Davon wird es abhängen, ob die Freiheitspotenziale erschlossen werden können. Dafür gibt es Ansätze, wie die bald weltweit verortete Initiative von Fairwork zeigt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © Springer)
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Literaturhinweis
How new ways of working during COVID-19 affect employee well-being via technostress, need for recovery, and work engagement (2023)
Zitatform
Andrulli, Rémi & Ruud Gerards (2023): How new ways of working during COVID-19 affect employee well-being via technostress, need for recovery, and work engagement. In: Computers in Human Behavior, Jg. 139. DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107560
Abstract
"COVID-19 led to a surge in employees experiencing New Ways of Working (NWW), as many had to work from home supported by ICT. This paper studies how experiencing NWW during COVID-19 affected job-related affective well-being (JAWS) for a sample of employees of the Dutch working population. Hypotheses are tested using Preacher and Hayes' (Behav Res Methods 40 (3):879–891, 2008) bootstrap method, including technostress, need for recovery and work engagement as serial mediators. The results show that higher levels of NWW relate to higher JAWS, to more feelings of positive well-being (PAWS), and less feelings of negative well-being (NAWS). Much of these relations is indirect, via reduced technostress and need for recovery, and increased work engagement. Distinguishing the separate facets of NWW and their relations to PAWS/NAWS, the results show that NWW facets management of output, access to colleagues and access to information directly relate to less negative well-being. However, as the NWW facet time- and location-independent work negatively relates to feelings of positive well-being, NWW as a bundle of facets is not a set-and-forget strategy. Therefore, this study recommends that NWW be supplemented with regular monitoring of employees' well-being, technostress, need for recovery and work engagement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Does Robotization Affect Job Quality?: Evidence from European Regional Labour Markets (2023)
Zitatform
Antón, José-Ignacio, Enrique Fernández-Macías & Rudolf Winter-Ebmer (2023): Does Robotization Affect Job Quality? Evidence from European Regional Labour Markets. In: Industrial Relations, Jg. 62, H. 3, S. 233-256. DOI:10.1111/irel.12324
Abstract
"Whereas there are recent papers on the effect of robot adoption on employment and wages, there is no evidence on how robots affect non-monetary working conditions. We explore the impact of robot adoption on several domains of non-monetary working conditions in Europe over the period 1995–2005 combining information from the World Robotics Survey and the European Working Conditions Survey. In order to deal with the possible endogeneity of robot deployment, we employ an instrumental variables strategy, using the robot exposure by sector in other developed countries as an instrument. Our results indicate that robotization has a negative impact on the quality of work in the dimension of work intensity and no relevant impact on the domains of physical environment or skills and discretion." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Transformation in bewegten Zeiten: Nachhaltige Arbeit als wichtigste Ressource (2023)
Arntz, Melanie ; Walwei, Ulrich ; Kaiser, Anna; Horvat, Sinischa; Stowasser, Sascha; Schroeder, Wolfgang; Evans, Michaela; Mallmann, Luitwin; Donner, Franz; Möreke, Mathias; Friedrich, Alexandra; Pfeiffer, Sabine ; Rothe, Isabel;Zitatform
Arntz, Melanie, Franz Donner, Michaela Evans, Alexandra Friedrich, Sinischa Horvat, Anna Kaiser, Luitwin Mallmann, Mathias Möreke, Sabine Pfeiffer, Isabel Rothe, Wolfgang Schroeder, Sascha Stowasser & Ulrich Walwei (2023): Transformation in bewegten Zeiten. Nachhaltige Arbeit als wichtigste Ressource. Berlin, 129 S.
Abstract
"Der erste Bericht des Rats der Arbeitswelt im Mai 2021 stand vor allem unter dem Eindruck der Covid19-Pandemie. Spätestens seit dem Angriff auf die Ukraine fokussieren sich Diskussionen zu Wirtschaft und Arbeitswelt auf den Umgang mit steigenden Energiepreisen und zunehmenden Lieferengpässen. Die kurzfristige Krisenbewältigung geht einher mit einer umfassenden und langfristigeren Transformation der Arbeitswelt vor dem Hintergrund des sich verschärfenden demografischen Wandels, der Digitalisierung und Dekarbonisierung. Unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Krisenproblematiken stehen diese Auswirkungen der digitalen und ökologischen Transformation auf die Arbeitswelt in Zeiten der Arbeitskräfteknappheit im Mittelpunkt des zweiten Arbeitswelt-Berichts. Der Bericht setzt sich erstens mit übergeordneten Fragen von Angebot und Nachfrage auf dem Arbeitsmarkt im Zuge der beiden Transformationen auseinander und untersucht in diesem Zusammenhang auch, inwiefern sich Anforderungen an Kompetenzen und Qualifikationen verändern. Da es vor allem die Betriebe und ihre Beschäftigten sind, die die Transformation umsetzen und bewältigen müssen, steht zweitens der Betrieb als Transformationsort sowie die betriebliche Gestaltung von Transformationsprozessen im Mittelpunkt." (Textauszug, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
Zusammenfassung -
Literaturhinweis
Computers as Stepping Stones? Technological Change and Equality of Labor Market Opportunities (2023)
Zitatform
Arntz, Melanie, Cäcilia Lipowski, Guido Neidhöfer & Ulrich Zierahn-Weilage (2023): Computers as Stepping Stones? Technological Change and Equality of Labor Market Opportunities. In: Journal of labor economics online erschienen am 21.08.2023, S. 1-41. DOI:10.1086/727490
Abstract
"This paper analyzes whether technological change improves equality of labor market opportunities by increasing the returns to skills relative to the returns to parental background. We find that in Germany during the 1990s, the introduction of computer technologies improved the access to technology-adopting occupations for workers with low-educated parents, and reduced their wage penalty within these occupations. We also show that this significantly contributed to a decline in the overall wage penalty experienced by workers from disadvantaged parental back-grounds over this time period. Competing mechanisms, such as skill-specific labor supply shocks and skill-upgrading, do not explain these findings." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Technostress and Job Performance: Understanding the Negative Impacts and Strategic Responses in the Workplace (2023)
Atrian, Armita; Ghobbeh, Saleh;Zitatform
Atrian, Armita & Saleh Ghobbeh (2023): Technostress and Job Performance: Understanding the Negative Impacts and Strategic Responses in the Workplace. (arXiv papers), 13 S.
Abstract
"This study delves into the increasingly pertinent issue of technostress in the workplace and its multifaceted impact on job performance. Technostress, emerging from the rapid integration of technology in professional settings, is identified as a significant stressor affecting employees across various industries. The research primarily focuses on the ways in which technostress influences job performance, both negatively and positively, depending on the context and individual coping mechanisms. Through a blend of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, including surveys and in-depth interviews, the study examines the experiences of employees from diverse sectors. It highlights how technostress manifests in different forms: from anxiety and frustration due to constant connectivity to the pressure of adapting to new technologies. The paper also explores the dual role of technology as both a facilitator and a hindrance in the workplace. Significant findings indicate that technostress adversely impacts job performance, leading to decreased productivity, diminished job satisfaction, and increased turnover intentions. However, the study also uncovers that strategic interventions, such as training programs, supportive leadership, and fostering a positive technological culture, can mitigate these negative effects. These interventions not only help in managing technostress but also in harnessing the potential of technology for enhanced job performance. Furthermore, the research proposes a model outlining the relationship between technostress, coping mechanisms, and job performance. This model serves as a framework for organizations to understand and address the challenges posed by technostress. The study concludes with recommendations for future research, particularly in exploring the long-term effects of technostress and the efficacy of various coping strategies." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Gesamtbetrachtungen/Positionen
- Arbeitsformen, Arbeitszeit und Gesundheit
- Qualifikationsanforderungen und Berufe
- Arbeitsplatz- und Beschäftigungseffekte
- Wirtschaftsbereiche
- Arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Aspekte
- Bundesländer
- andere Länder/ internationaler Vergleich
- Besondere Personengruppen