Niedriglohnarbeitsmarkt
Immer mehr Beschäftigte arbeiten in Deutschland zu Niedriglöhnen. Vor allem junge Menschen sind davon betroffen. Bietet der Niedriglohnsektor eine Chance zum Einstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt oder ist er eine Sackgasse? Die IAB-Infoplattform erschließt Informationen zum Forschungsstand.
Zurück zur Übersicht- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Theorie
-
Politik und Maßnahmen
- Politik und Maßnahmen insgesamt
- Aus- und Weiterbildung, Nachqualifizierung
- Qualifizierung funktionaler Analphabeten
- Kinderbetreuungs-Politik
- Lohnpolitik, Mindestlohn
- Minijob-Politik
- öffentlich geförderte Beschäftigung
- Subventionierung von Beschäftigung
- Vermittlung und Beratung
- Workfare, Anreizsystem
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Arbeitsmarkt- und Lohnentwicklung
- Arbeitsmarkt- und Lohnentwicklung insgesamt
- Berufseinmündung
- Beschäftigungsentwicklung
- Arbeitskräftebedarf, offene Stellen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung, Erwerbsverhalten
- Arbeitskräftemobilität
- unterwertige Beschäftigung
- berufliche Selbstständigkeit
- Arbeitsplatzverlagerung
- Arbeitslosigkeit
- Lohnentwicklung
- Working Poor
- Arbeitswelt, Personalpolitik
- Personengruppen
- Wirtschaftszweige
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug
- Alter
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Literaturhinweis
Escaping from low-wage employment: The role of co-worker networks (2023)
Zitatform
Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, Zoltán Elekes & Rikard Eriksson (2023): Escaping from low-wage employment: The role of co-worker networks. In: Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Jg. 83. DOI:10.1016/j.rssm.2022.100747
Abstract
"Low-wage jobs are often regarded as dead ends in the labour market careers of young people. Previous research focused on disentangling to what degree the association between a low-wage job at the start of working life and limited chances of transitioning to better-paid employment is causal or spurious. Less attention has been paid to the factors that may facilitate the upward wage mobility of low-wage workers. We focus on such mechanisms, and we scrutinize the impact of social ties to higher-educated co-workers. Due to knowledge spillovers, job referrals, as well as firm-level productivity gains, having higher-educated co-workers may improve an individual's chances of transitioning to a better-paid job. We use linked employer-employee data from longitudinal Swedish registers and panel data models that incorporate measures of low-wage workers' social ties to higher-educated co-workers. Our results confirm that having social ties to higher-educated co-workers increases individual chances of transitioning to better-paid employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku, © 2023 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Assessing the impact of technological change on similar occupations: Implications for employment alternatives (2023)
Zitatform
Torosyan, Karine, Sicheng Wang, Elizabeth A. Mack, Jenna A. Van Fossen & Nathan Baker (2023): Assessing the impact of technological change on similar occupations: Implications for employment alternatives. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 18. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0291428
Abstract
"Background: The fast-changing labor market highlights the need for an in-depth understanding of occupational mobility impacted by technological change. However, we lack a multidimensional classification scheme that considers similarities of occupations comprehensively, which prevents us from predicting employment trends and mobility across occupations. This study fills the gap by examining employment trends based on similarities between occupations. Method: We first demonstrated a new method that clusters 756 occupation titles based on knowledge, skills, abilities, education, experience, training, activities, values, and interests. We used the Principal Component Analysis to categorize occupations in the Standard Occupational Classification, which is grouped into a four-level hierarchy. Then, we paired the occupation clusters with the occupational employment projections provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. We analyzed how employment would change and what factors affect the employment changes within occupation groups. Particularly, we specified factors related to technological changes. Results: The results reveal that technological change accounts for significant job losses in some clusters. This poses occupational mobility challenges for workers in these jobs at present. Job losses for nearly 60% of current employment will occur in low-skill, low-wage occupational groups. Meanwhile, many mid-skilled and highly skilled jobs are projected to grow in the next ten years. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the utility of our occupational classification scheme. Furthermore, it suggests a critical need for skills upgrading and workforce development for workers in declining jobs. Special attention should be paid to vulnerable workers, such as older individuals and minorities." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Helfertätigkeiten werden nicht nur von Ungelernten ausgeübt (Interview mit Barbara Schwengler, Holger Seibert und Doris Wiethölter) (2022)
Keitel, Christiane; Schwengler, Barbara; Seibert, Holger; Wiethölter, Doris;Zitatform
Keitel, Christiane, Barbara Schwengler, Holger Seibert & Doris Wiethölter; Barbara Schwengler, Holger Seibert & Doris Wiethölter (sonst. bet. Pers.) (2022): Helfertätigkeiten werden nicht nur von Ungelernten ausgeübt (Interview mit Barbara Schwengler, Holger Seibert und Doris Wiethölter). In: IAB-Forum H. 19.07.2022 Nürnberg. DOI:10.48720/IAB.FOO.20220719.01
Abstract
"Ein aktueller IAB-Kurzbericht (14/2022) widmet sich den Helfertätigkeiten, die im Schnitt vergleichsweise niedrig entlohnt sind. Dies trifft aber nicht für alle diese Tätigkeiten zu. In bestimmten Konstellationen können ausgebildete Fachkräfte auf Helfertätigkeiten höhere Verdienste erzielen als im erlernten Beruf. Die Redaktion des IAB-Forum hat dazu bei Holger Seibert, Barbara Schwengler und Doris Wiethölter nachgefragt." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Berufsspezifische Lohnunterschiede: In einigen Helferjobs verdienen Fachkräfte mehr als in ihrem erlernten Beruf (2022)
Seibert, Holger; Schwengler, Barbara; Wiethölter, Doris;Zitatform
Seibert, Holger, Barbara Schwengler & Doris Wiethölter (2022): Berufsspezifische Lohnunterschiede: In einigen Helferjobs verdienen Fachkräfte mehr als in ihrem erlernten Beruf. (IAB-Kurzbericht 14/2022), Nürnberg, 8 S. DOI:10.48720/IAB.KB.2214
Abstract
"Auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt dominieren Tätigkeiten mit mittleren und hohen Qualifikationsanforderungen. Daneben existiert im Helfersegment eine Reihe einfacher Tätigkeiten, die im Schnitt vergleichsweise niedrig entlohnt werden. Das trifft aber nicht für alle Helfertätigkeiten zu. In bestimmten Konstellationen können ausgebildete Fachkräfte auf Helferniveau höhere Verdienste erzielen als im erlernten Beruf." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
Weiterführende Informationen
- Die 15 Berufsgruppen mit den niedrigsten Entgelten für Fachkräfte und die 15 Berufsgruppen mit den höchsten Entgelten für Helfer
- Berufliche Bildungsabschlüsse von Beschäftigten in Helfertätigkeiten im Vergleich zu den Beschäftigten ohne Helfertätigkeiten
- Entgeltverteilung von Vollzeitbeschäftigten nach Anforderungsniveau
- Ein begleitendes Interview zu diesem Kurzbericht finden Sie im Online-Magazin IAB-Forum.
- Berufliche Wechsel und Anforderungsniveau der Tätigkeit von Beschäftigten nach Entgelthöhe im erlernten Beruf
- Berufliche Wechsel und Anforderungsniveau der Tätigkeit sowie erzieltes Entgelt von Beschäftigten mit Ausbildungsberufen mit besonders niedrigen Entgelten für Fachkräfte
- Erzielte monatliche Entgelte von Vollzeitbeschäftigten in Abhängigkeit von Berufswechseln und dem aktuellen Anforderungsniveau der Tätigkeit
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Literaturhinweis
Escaping from Low-Wage Employment: The Role of Co-worker Networks (2021)
Zitatform
Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, Zoltán Elekes & Rikard Eriksson (2021): Escaping from Low-Wage Employment. The Role of Co-worker Networks. (CERS-IE working papers 2021,22), Budapest, 29 S.
Abstract
"Low-wage jobs are often regarded as dead-ends in the labour market careers of young people. Previous research focused on disentangling to what degree the association between a low-wage job at the start of working life and limited chances of transitioning to better-paid employment is causal or spurious. Less attention has been paid to the channels that may facilitate the upward wage mobility of low-wage workers. We focus on such mechanisms, and we scrutinize the impact of social ties to higher-educated co-workers. Due to knowledge spillovers, job referrals, as well as firm-level productivity gains, having higher-educated co-workers may improve an individual's chances of transitioning to a better-paid job. We use linked employer-employee data from longitudinal Swedish registers and panel data models that incorporate measures of low-wage workers' social ties to higher-educated co-workers. Our results confirm that having social ties to higher-educated co-workers increases individual chances of transitioning to better-paid employment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Low-wage employment: Are low-paid jobs stepping stones to higher-paid jobs, do they become persistent, or do they lead to recurring unemployment? (2021)
Zitatform
Schnabel, Claus (2021): Low-wage employment. Are low-paid jobs stepping stones to higher-paid jobs, do they become persistent, or do they lead to recurring unemployment? (IZA world of labor 276), Bonn, 10 S. DOI:10.15185/izawol.276.v2
Abstract
"Ungeachtet geringer Aufwärtsmobilität können Niedriglohnjobs für manche Arbeitnehmergruppen ein Sprungbrett zu besser bezahlten Arbeitsplätzen bilden. Dieser Befund kann „Work first“-Strategien wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Reformen unterstützen. Allerdings ist Niedriglohnbeschäftigung kein selbstkorrigierendes System, sondern kann Narben hinterlassen. Um Aufstiegschancen zu vergrößern, ist ein ganzheitlicher Politikansatz notwendig: er sollte Strategien der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik ebenso umfassen wie eine Philosophie des lebenslangen Lernens und die Unterstützung von Unternehmen, die stärker in die Qualifizierung ihrer Beschäftigten investieren und ihnen bessere Perspektiven außerhalb des Niedriglohnsegments verschaffen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Niedriglohnbeschäftigung in Deutschland. Chance oder Risiko? (2021)
Schäfer, Holger;Zitatform
Schäfer, Holger (2021): Niedriglohnbeschäftigung in Deutschland. Chance oder Risiko? In: IW-Trends, Jg. 48, H. 4, S. 23-44. DOI:10.2373/1864-810X.21-04-03
Abstract
"Niedriglohnbeschäftigung wird häufig als soziales Problem wahrgenommen, das es mit gesetzgeberischen Maßnahmen zu begrenzen gelte. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt mit Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels, dass einerseits zwar durchaus Anzeichen dafür bestehen, dass Niedriglohnbeschäftigte häufiger soziale Problemlagen erfahren als Beschäftigte mit höheren Löhnen. Andererseits stehen sie in der Regel besser da als Arbeitslose. Zudem erfüllt der Niedriglohnsektor eine wichtige Rolle bei der Arbeitsmarktintegration von zuvor inaktiven Personen. Mithilfe eines Propensity Score Matchings kann gezeigt werden, dass Arbeitslose sowie Nichterwerbstätige mit Erwerbswunsch durch die Aufnahme einer Niedriglohnbeschäftigung ihre Arbeitsmarktchancen deutlich erhöhen im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollgruppe von gleichartigen Personen, die keine Niedriglohnbeschäftigung aufnahmen. So hatten die Niedriglohnbeschäftigten nach fünf Jahren rund fünf Monate weniger in Arbeitslosigkeit verbracht. Auch die Einkommensperspektiven verbesserten sich signifikant: Fünf Jahre nach dem Eintritt in den Niedriglohnsektor haben die Arbeitnehmer 12.000 Euro mehr verdient als die Kontrollgruppe. Die Herausforderung des Niedriglohnsektors besteht daher nicht in seiner Begrenzung durch gesetzliche Maßnahmen, sondern in der Verbesserung der Chance, aus ihm heraus in höhere Lohnsegmente aufzusteigen." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)
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Literaturhinweis
Does low-pay persist across different regimes?: Evidence from German unification (2020)
Zitatform
Gürtzgen, Nicole & André Diegmann (2020): Does low-pay persist across different regimes? Evidence from German unification. In: Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, Jg. 28, H. 3, S. 413-440., 2019-11-17. DOI:10.1111/ecot.12244
Abstract
"Using German administrative data, we study across‐regime low‐pay persistence in the context of an economic transformation process. We first show that individuals' initial allocation to the post‐unification low‐wage sector was close to random in terms of market‐regime unobservables. Consistent with a weak connection between individuals' true productivity and their pre‐unification low‐wage status, the extent of across‐regime state dependence is found to be small and appears to vanish over time. For males, across‐regime state dependence is most pronounced among the medium‐ and high‐skilled, suggesting the depreciation of human capital as an explanation." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Stepping-stone or dead end: To what extent does part-time employment enable progression out of low pay for male and female employees in the UK? (2020)
Zitatform
Nightingale, Madeline (2020): Stepping-stone or dead end: To what extent does part-time employment enable progression out of low pay for male and female employees in the UK? In: Journal of social policy, Jg. 49, H. 1, S. 41-59. DOI:10.1017/S0047279419000205
Abstract
"Using data from Understanding Society and the British Household Panel Survey, this article explores the relationship between working part-time and progression out of low pay for male and female employees using a discrete-time event history model. The results show that working part-time relative to full-time decreases the likelihood of progression out of low pay, defined as earning below two-thirds of the median hourly wage. However, part-time workers who transition to full-time employment experience similar rates of progression to full-time workers. This casts doubt on the idea that part-time workers have lower progression rates because they have lower abilities or work motivation and reinforces the need to address the quality of part-time jobs in the UK labour market. The negative effect of working part-time is greater for men than for women, although women are more at risk of becoming trapped in low pay in the sense that they tend to work part-time for longer periods of time, particularly if they have children. Factors such as childcare policy and Universal Credit (UC) incentivise part-time employment for certain groups, although in the right labour market conditions UC may encourage some part-time workers to increase their working hours." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Local unemployment changes the springboard effect of low pay: Evidence from England (2019)
Zitatform
Plum, Alexander & Gundi Knies (2019): Local unemployment changes the springboard effect of low pay: Evidence from England. In: PLoS ONE, Jg. 14, H. 11. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0224290
Abstract
"There is considerable debate on whether the employment and earnings prospects are better for those on low pay or for the unemployed. Low-pay work tends to be undertaken more locally but no empirical analysis has focused on how local opportunities alter prospects. Using Understanding Society data for England matched with local unemployment rates, we estimate dynamic random effects panel models, which show robust evidence that the future unemployment risk is lower for those who are currently on low pay compared to those who are currently unemployed. The low-paid also have a higher chance than the unemployed of becoming higher-paid. These findings are most marked in neighbourhoods with high unemployment." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Real wages, amenities and the adjustment of working hours across local labour markets (2019)
Zitatform
Schlüter, Teresa (2019): Real wages, amenities and the adjustment of working hours across local labour markets. In: Papers in regional science, Jg. 98, H. 3, S. 1291-1316. DOI:10.1111/pirs.12413
Abstract
"High prices that are not offset by equally high incomes are often seen as an affordability problem. To get by, poorer workers in these areas might have to work longer hours. Alternatively, lower real wages might indicate a more desirable place to live and induce high-income people to trade off cash for leisure time. Both interpretations suggest a link between real wages and an individual's labour supply choice. Using panel data, I observe how working hours change, when workers move place. I find that working hours increase by 0.42% for a 10% decrease of local real wage. The effect is stronger for low-skilled workers at the bottom of the wage distribution, indicating an affordability mechanism that might further exacerbate inequality." (Author's abstract, Published by arrangement with John Wiley & Sons) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Altersvorsorge am Scheideweg: Erfolgreiche Strategien gegen Altersarmut (2018)
Benölken, Heinz; Bröhl, Nils;Zitatform
Benölken, Heinz & Nils Bröhl (2018): Altersvorsorge am Scheideweg. Erfolgreiche Strategien gegen Altersarmut. Wiesbaden: Springer, 304 S. DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-21837-9
Abstract
"Dieses Buch bietet der Finanzdienstleistungsbranche eine umfassende Gesamtschau der deutschen Altersvorsorgesysteme. Vor dem Hintergrund der Niedrigzinsphase und der demografischen Entwicklung unterziehen Dr. Heinz Benölken und Nils Bröhl sie einer kritischen Detailbewertung im Hinblick auf ihre Leistungsfähigkeit. Die Autoren analysieren dazu ausführlich relevante Altersvorsorgeszenarien und die Eignung und Vorsorgequalität der in Deutschland üblichen drei Schichten der Altersvorsorge: die Basisversorgung, insbesondere durch die gesetzliche Rentenversicherung, die kapitalgedeckte Zusatzversorgung (Riester-Rente und betriebliche Altersvorsorge) sowie Kapitalanlageprodukte. Auf dieser Basis stellen sie als innovativen Vorschlag ein von ihnen entwickeltes neues Modell unter der Bezeichnung 'AV 2030 plus' vor. Eine Betrachtung zur Integration von Alters-, Risiko- und Gesundheitsvorsorge rundet dieses Buch ab." (Autorenreferat, © Springer-Verlag)
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Literaturhinweis
Are active labour market policies effective in activating and integrating low-skilled individuals?: an international comparison (2018)
Zitatform
Escudero, Verónica (2018): Are active labour market policies effective in activating and integrating low-skilled individuals? An international comparison. In: IZA journal of labor policy, Jg. 7, S. 1-26. DOI:10.1186/s40173-018-0097-5
Abstract
"This paper examines the effectiveness of active labour market policies (ALMPs) in improving labour market outcomes, especially of low-skilled individuals, by means of a pooled cross-country and time series database for 31 advanced countries during the period 1985 - 2010. The analysis includes aspects of the delivery system to see how the performance of ALMPs is affected by different implementation characteristics. Among the notable results, the paper finds that ALMPs matter at the aggregate level, but mostly through an appropriate management and implementation. In this regard, sufficient allocation of resources to programme administration and policy continuity appear to be particularly important. Moreover, start-up incentives and measures aimed at vulnerable populations are more effective than other ALMPs in terms of reducing unemployment and increasing employment. Interestingly, the positive effects of these policies seem to be particularly beneficial for the low skilled." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Rising in-work poverty in times of activation: changes in the distributive performance of institutions over three decades, Germany 1984-2013 (2018)
Zitatform
Gerlitz, Jean-Yves (2018): Rising in-work poverty in times of activation. Changes in the distributive performance of institutions over three decades, Germany 1984-2013. In: Social indicators research, Jg. 140, H. 3, S. 1109-1129. DOI:10.1007/s11205-017-1816-9
Abstract
"In-work poverty contradicts the belief that a job should provide a decent standard of living. Nevertheless, the share of working poor in most European countries has risen. Studies show that the development of in-work poverty is attributable to changes in the distributive performance of the labour market, households and the welfare state, as measured by their ability to prevent people from falling below the poverty line. However, such studies have been limited to standard employment and did not address activation, i.e., welfare state transformation through deregulation, recommodification, and social investment. Taking the case of Germany, I analyse changes in the distributive performance of institutions within the context of activation policies (Hartz reforms) for employees that differ in work duration and intensity. Based on descriptive trend analysis of data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, I retrace the process of income distribution and look at how institutional changes have contributed to the development of in-work poverty. I find that an increase of in-work poverty can be attributed to a decrease of the distributive performance of the labour market after the implementation of the Hartz reforms; that individuals in non-standard employment were more affected than people in standard-employment, and that increases in the performance of households and the welfare state do not absorb this development. Activation has shifted responsibility from the labour market to the other distributive institutions." (Author's abstract, © Springer-Verlag) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
The poverty reduction of social security and means-tested transfers (2018)
Meyer, Bruce D.; Wu, Derek;Zitatform
Meyer, Bruce D. & Derek Wu (2018): The poverty reduction of social security and means-tested transfers. In: ILR review, Jg. 71, H. 5, S. 1106-1153. DOI:10.1177/0019793918790220
Abstract
"This article is the fourth in a series to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the ILR Review. The series features articles that analyze the state of research and future directions for important themes this journal has featured over many years of publication.
Starting with Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) data from 2008 to 2013, the authors link administrative data from Social Security and five large means-tested transfers - Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), public assistance (PA), the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), and housing assistance - to minimize errors within the SIPP data. Social Security cuts the poverty rate by a third - more than twice the combined effect of the five means-tested transfers. Among means-tested transfers, the EITC and SNAP have the largest effects. All programs except for the EITC sharply reduce deep poverty. The relative importance of these programs differs by family subgroup. SSI, PA, and housing assistance have the highest share of benefits going to the pre-transfer poor, whereas the EITC has the lowest. Finally, the SIPP survey data alone provide fairly accurate estimates for the overall population at the poverty line, though they understate the effects of Social Security, SNAP, and PA. Differences in effects are striking, however, at other income cutoffs and for specific family types." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))Ähnliche Treffer
auch erschienen als: NBER working paper , 24567 -
Literaturhinweis
Should low-wage workers care about where they work?: assessing the impact of employer characteristics on low-wage mobility (2016)
Gürtzgen, Nicole; Heinze, Anja;Zitatform
Gürtzgen, Nicole & Anja Heinze (2016): Should low-wage workers care about where they work? Assessing the impact of employer characteristics on low-wage mobility. In: Annals of economics and statistics H. 121/122, S. 385-413., 2015-11-08. DOI:10.15609/annaeconstat2009.121-122.385
Abstract
"This paper studies the importance of employer-specific determinants of intra-firm low-wage mobility in Germany. To address the initial conditions problem and the endogeneity of employer retention, we model intra-firm low-pay transitions using a trivariate Probit model that accounts for selection into low-wage employment and non-random employer drop-out. Using data from the LIAB Linked Employer - Employee panel, our results indicate that for male workers from the service sector the probability of escaping low-pay increases with employer size. This contrasts with female workers from the service sector, who rather benefit from collective bargaining coverage and local works councils. These findings are consistent with internal labour markets being an important ingredient of male within-firm wage growth, whereas the removal of asymmetric information appears to be more relevant in explaining female workers' wage transitions." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Beteiligte aus dem IAB
Gürtzgen, Nicole; -
Literaturhinweis
Can low-wage employment help people escape from the no-pay - low-income trap? (2016)
Zitatform
Plum, Alexander (2016): Can low-wage employment help people escape from the no-pay - low-income trap? In: The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, Jg. 16, H. 4, S. 1-28. DOI:10.1515/bejeap-2016-0078
Abstract
"The experience of unemployment itself increases the risk of staying unemployed, and the unemployed face a high poverty risk. Moreover, experiencing poverty reduces the chances of reemployment. As wage inequality has expanded in recent decades, low-paid employment and in-work poverty have both risen. This study analyzes whether low-pay employment helps people escape the no-pay - low-income trap. Survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel for the period 1995 - 2012 are used to estimate correlated random-effects probit models on the labor-market and income dynamics. The findings suggest that low-paid employment is especially helpful to exit the no-pay - low-income trap for persons who are long-term unemployed, as well as for those over 40 who have been unemployed for a short period of time. No indications of a low-pay - low-income trap are found." (Author's abstract, © De Gruyter) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Locus of Control and low-wage mobility (2016)
Zitatform
Schnitzlein, Daniel D. & Jens Stephani (2016): Locus of Control and low-wage mobility. In: Journal of economic psychology, Jg. 53, H. April, S. 164-177. DOI:10.1016/j.joep.2016.01.004
Abstract
"We investigate whether non-cognitive skills - in particular Locus of Control - are important determinants of mobility processes for male workers at the low-wage margin. Our results reveal a significant amount of state dependence in low pay even after controlling for non-cognitive skills. Furthermore, compared to individuals with an external Locus of Control, individuals with a more internal Locus of Control have a significantly higher probability of being higher-paid instead of low-paid. Conditional on being low-paid, individuals with an internal Locus of Control have a significantly higher probability of moving to higher-paid employment in the following year than individuals with an external Locus of Control. Our results suggest that having an internal Locus of Control is an important non-cognitive skill in the context of low wages. It may help individuals to avoid low-wage jobs and to move from low-paid jobs to higher-paid jobs." (Author's abstract, © 2016 Elsevier) ((en))
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Literaturhinweis
Do internal labour markets protect the unskilled from low payment?: evidence from Germany (2015)
Zitatform
Lengfeld, Holger & Clemens Ohlert (2015): Do internal labour markets protect the unskilled from low payment? Evidence from Germany. In: International journal of manpower, Jg. 36, H. 6, S. 874-894. DOI:10.1108/IJM-01-2014-0033
Abstract
"Purpose - Up to date, it remains an unresolved issue how firms shape inequality in interaction with mechanisms of stratification at the individual and occupational-level. Accordingly, the authors ask whether workers of different occupational classes are affected to different degrees by between-firm wage inequality. In light of the recent rise of overall wage inequality, answers to this question can contribute to a better understanding of the role firms play in this development. The authors argue and empirically test that whether workers are able to benefit from firms' internal or external strategies for flexibility depends on resources available at the individual and occupational level. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach - Matched employer-employee data from official German labour market statistics are used to estimate firm-specific wage components, which are then regressed on structural characteristics of firms.
Findings - Between-firm wage effects of internal labour markets are largest among unskilled workers and strongly pronounced among qualified manual workers. Effects are clearly smaller among classes of qualified and high-qualified non-manual workers but have risen sharply for the latter class from 2005 to 2010.
Social implications - The most disadvantaged workers in the labour market are also most contingent upon employers' increasingly heterogeneous policies of recruitment and remuneration.
Originality/value - This paper combines insights from sociological and economic labour market research in order to formulate and test the new hypothesis that between-firm wage effects of internal labour markets are larger for unskilled than for qualified workers." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) -
Literaturhinweis
Does neighbourhood unemployment affect the springboard effect of low pay? (2015)
Zitatform
Plum, Alexander & Gundi Knies (2015): Does neighbourhood unemployment affect the springboard effect of low pay? (ISER working paper 2015-20), Colchester, 34 S.
Abstract
"There is considerable debate on whether the employment and earnings prospects are better for those on low pay or for the unemployed. We use Understanding Society data for England and estimate dynamic random effects panel models which show robust evidence that the future unemployment risk is lower for those who are currently on low pay compared to those who are currently unemployed and the low-paid also have a higher chance than the unemployed of becoming higher-paid. These findings are most marked in neighbourhoods with high unemployment which is attributable to the much poorer prospects of the unemployed in these neighbourhoods." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))
Aspekt auswählen:
Aspekt zurücksetzen
- Forschung und Ergebnisse aus dem IAB
- Theorie
-
Politik und Maßnahmen
- Politik und Maßnahmen insgesamt
- Aus- und Weiterbildung, Nachqualifizierung
- Qualifizierung funktionaler Analphabeten
- Kinderbetreuungs-Politik
- Lohnpolitik, Mindestlohn
- Minijob-Politik
- öffentlich geförderte Beschäftigung
- Subventionierung von Beschäftigung
- Vermittlung und Beratung
- Workfare, Anreizsystem
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Arbeitsmarkt- und Lohnentwicklung
- Arbeitsmarkt- und Lohnentwicklung insgesamt
- Berufseinmündung
- Beschäftigungsentwicklung
- Arbeitskräftebedarf, offene Stellen
- Erwerbsbeteiligung, Erwerbsverhalten
- Arbeitskräftemobilität
- unterwertige Beschäftigung
- berufliche Selbstständigkeit
- Arbeitsplatzverlagerung
- Arbeitslosigkeit
- Lohnentwicklung
- Working Poor
- Arbeitswelt, Personalpolitik
- Personengruppen
- Wirtschaftszweige
- Geschlecht
- geografischer Bezug
- Alter